Process and capacity design is one of the 10 strategic operations management decisions. The correct option is C.
Process and capacity design is one of the ten strategic operations management decisions. Operations management involves managing the processes and resources within an organization to produce goods or services effectively and efficiently. The ten strategic operations management decisions, as identified by renowned scholars Roberta S. Russell and Bernard W. Taylor III, encompass various aspects of operations management that play a crucial role in achieving organizational objectives.
Process and capacity design refers to the strategic decisions related to designing efficient processes and determining the optimal capacity levels to meet customer demands. This decision involves analyzing the organization's production processes, considering factors such as workflow, layout, technology, and equipment, to ensure smooth and streamlined operations.
Process design aims to determine the most effective way to transform inputs into outputs. It involves selecting the appropriate processes, determining the sequence of activities, and establishing the necessary resources to deliver the desired products or services. This decision considers factors such as process flow, automation, standardization, and quality control.
Capacity design, on the other hand, focuses on determining the level of capacity required to meet customer demand effectively. It involves evaluating current and future demand forecasts, considering factors like market trends, seasonality, and growth projections, to ensure that the organization has the necessary resources and infrastructure in place to handle the expected volume of production or service delivery.
Both process and capacity design decisions have significant implications for operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, cost management, and overall organizational performance. By strategically designing processes and determining optimal capacity levels, organizations can enhance productivity, reduce bottlenecks, minimize waste, improve quality, and ensure timely delivery of products or services to meet customer expectations.
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Question:
Based on the composition of passenger groups and the changes of attention to cabin services, please analyze the characteristics of the current preferences of civil aviation passengers?
( requirements: use chart, method and theory, own views, summary and conclusion part must need)
must need chart method and theory and 1000 words...
write the answer according to the requirements..
The makeup of passenger groups is key in determining preferences in the civil aviation sector. We may learn more about the preferences of various passenger groups by examining the demographic characteristics.
Make charts that illustrate the demographic breakdown of passenger groups based on characteristics like age, gender, nationality, and purpose of travel. We will be able to spot any noteworthy trends or preferences alterations thanks to this investigation.
In conclusion, examining the makeup of passenger groups and shifts in attention to cabin amenities provide important information about the preferences of passengers in civil aviation today.
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Why do you think every employee will have their own views about pay and performance.
Some may be happy with their current compensation and may feel that they are being adequately rewarded for their work, while others may feel undervalued and underpaid even if they have the same job title and perform the same tasks.
Every employee has their own views about pay and performance. This is because individual employees have different needs and priorities that influence their perceptions of pay and performance. Some employees may be more motivated by money, while others may be more motivated by job satisfaction or opportunities for growth and development.
Additionally, employees may have different expectations based on their personal experiences, education, and other factors. For example, an employee who has worked in the same position for several years may expect a higher salary than a new employee with less experience in the same role.Therefore, it's important for employers to recognize that every employee is unique and has their own perspective on pay and performance.
Employers should take steps to understand employees' individual needs and priorities, and work to provide compensation and benefits packages that are tailored to their employees' preferences. This can help to improve job satisfaction, boost employee morale, and ultimately lead to better performance and productivity in the workplace.
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Leslie borrowed $25,000 at a rate of 6% compounded monthly (J12) for a term of 10 years.
Calculate the balance owing on her loan after 6 years.
When calculating her original payment, round it up to the next cent before proceeding to the balance calculation.
The balance owing on Leslie's loan after 6 years is approximately $17,120.36.
After borrowing $25,000 at a rate of 6% compounded monthly, Leslie made regular monthly payments towards her loan for a period of 6 years. To calculate the balance owing on her loan, we need to consider the compound interest formula.
The formula for compound interest is given by: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal (initial amount borrowed), r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, Leslie borrowed $25,000 at an annual interest rate of 6%, which is 0.06 in decimal form. Since the interest is compounded monthly, n is 12 (monthly compounding). The term of the loan is 10 years, but we need to calculate the balance after 6 years.
To calculate the original payment, we use the formula: Payment = P * (r/n) / (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)). Rounding up to the next cent, we can find the original payment.
Using the given information, we can substitute the values into the formula and calculate the balance owing after 6 years:
Principal (P) = $25,000
Annual interest rate (r) = 0.06
Compounding per year (n) = 12
Term of the loan (t) = 10 years
Time period for balance calculation = 6 years
After calculating the original payment and substituting the values into the compound interest formula, we find that the balance owing on Leslie's loan after 6 years is approximately $17,120.36.
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assume that estimated taxable income after adjusting for permanent and temporary differences is $65000. what is the current income tax expense applying the appropriate current tax rate for corporations in Year 1 given the current corporate tax rate is a flat 21%?
a. $13000
b. $13650
c. $22100
d. $22750
e. none of above
The current income tax expense applying the appropriate current tax rate for corporations in Year 1 given the current corporate tax rate is a flat 21% is $13650.Therefore, option (b) $13650 is the correct answer.
Given that the estimated taxable income after adjusting for permanent and temporary differences is $65000. Let's calculate the current income tax expense by applying the appropriate current tax rate for corporations in Year 1. The current income tax expense applying the appropriate current tax rate for corporations in Year 1 can be calculated using the formula below;
Current Income Tax Expense = Taxable Income * Current Tax Rate Current tax rate for corporations in Year 1 = 21%Current Income Tax Expense = 21/100 * $65,000 = $13,650. Therefore, the current income tax expense applying the appropriate current tax rate for corporations in Year 1 given the current corporate tax rate is a flat 21% is $13650.Therefore, option (b) $13650 is the correct answer.
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You need to develop a labor time estimate for a customer order of 20 network installations. It is estimated that the first installation will require 60 hours of labor, and a learning curve of 90 percent is expected.
How many labor-hours are required for the fifteenth installation?
How many labor-hours are required for the twentieth installation?
How many labor-hours are required to complete all 20 installations?
If the average labor cost is $32, what is the total labor cost for installing the networks?
A labor time estimate is a form of cost estimation that projects the amount of time necessary to complete a task or project, and it is critical in calculating labor costs. A learning curve is a mathematical model that explains how labor productivity improves as experience increases.
To calculate the cost of labor, the learning curve can be utilized.The first installation has been estimated to require 60 hours of labor, and there is a learning curve of 90 percent expected. The cost of the remaining 19 installations, assuming an 80% learning curve, is given by:Hours required for second installation = 60 hours × (0.9) = 54 hoursHours required for third installation = 60 hours × (0.9)² = 48.6 hoursHours required for fourth installation = 60 hours × (0.9)³ = 43.7 hoursAnd so on...Hence, the total labor hours required for the order are:Total hours = 60 hours + 54 hours + 48.6 hours + 43.7 hours + ...For 20 installations, the formula for total hours is:Total hours = 60 hours × (1 + 0.9 + 0.9² + 0.9³ + ... + 0.9¹⁹)Using the formula for the sum of a geometric series, we can simplify this to:Total hours = 60 hours × (1 - 0.9²⁰) / (1 - 0.9)Total hours = 831.4 hoursThe total labor cost can now be calculated using the average labor cost and the total number of labor hours:Total labor cost = Average labor cost × Total labor hoursTotal labor cost = $32 × 831.4Total labor cost = $26,524.80Therefore, the total labor cost for installing the networks is $26,524.80.
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Calculate the amount to be capitalized in the following scenarios Par A. On July 6, 2021. ABC Corporation acquired the plant assets of XYZ Company, which had discontinued operations. The appraised value of the acquired property was as follows: Land $ 400,000 Buildings 1.200.000 Building equipment 80.0.0.0.0 $2.400.000 Total ABC gave 12,500 shares of its $100 par value common stock in exchange. The stock had a market price of $168 per share on the date of the purchase of the property. Land Buildings Equipment Part B. ABC Corporation expended the following amounts in cash between the purchase date (07/06) and the date it first occupied the building (12/15) Repairs to building $105,000 Construction of bases for equipment to be installed later 135,000 Driveways and parking lots 122,000 Remodeling of office space in buildings, including new partitions and walls 161.000 Special assessment by city on land-enacted 10/22 18,000 Land Buildings Equipment Partc. On 12/20 ABC paid cash for equipment, $260.000, and took advantage of a 2% cash discount. Freight on the equipment was also paid in cash, $10,500. Equipment
The amounts to be capitalized in each scenario are as follows:
- Part A: $2,100,000
- Part B: $541,000
- Part C: $265,300
To calculate the amount to be capitalized in the given scenarios, let's break down each part separately:
Part A: Acquisition of Plant Assets
In this scenario, ABC Corporation acquired the plant assets of XYZ Company. The appraised values of the acquired property are as follows:
- Land: $400,000
- Buildings: $1,200,000
- Building equipment: $800,000
- Total: $2,400,000
ABC Corporation exchanged 12,500 shares of its $100 par value common stock for the acquired property. The market price of the stock on the date of purchase was $168 per share.
To calculate the amount to be capitalized, we need to determine the fair value of the shares given in exchange for the property. The fair value can be calculated by multiplying the number of shares (12,500) by the market price per share ($168):
Fair Value = 12,500 shares * $168 per share = $2,100,000
Now, we compare the fair value of the shares ($2,100,000) with the appraised value of the acquired property ($2,400,000). Since the fair value is less than the appraised value, we use the fair value as the amount to be capitalized.
Therefore, the amount to be capitalized for Part A is $2,100,000.
Part B: Expenditures on Plant Assets After Purchase
In this scenario, ABC Corporation expended the following amounts in cash between the purchase date (07/06) and the date it first occupied the building (12/15):
- Repairs to building: $105,000
- Construction of bases for equipment to be installed later: $135,000
- Driveways and parking lots: $122,000
- Remodeling of office space in buildings, including new partitions and walls: $161,000
- Special assessment by city on land-enacted 10/22: $18,000
To calculate the amount to be capitalized, we include the costs that improve the asset's future benefits or extend its useful life. In this case, the expenditures on repairs, construction of bases, driveways, remodeling, and special assessment are all considered capital expenditures.
Therefore, the amount to be capitalized for Part B is the sum of these expenditures:
Amount to be capitalized = $105,000 + $135,000 + $122,000 + $161,000 + $18,000 = $541,000
Part C: Purchase of Equipment
In this scenario, ABC Corporation paid cash for equipment on 12/20. The equipment cost $260,000, and a 2% cash discount was taken. Freight on the equipment was also paid in cash, amounting to $10,500.
To calculate the amount to be capitalized, we deduct the cash discount from the equipment cost and add the freight cost:
Amount to be capitalized = Equipment cost - Cash discount + Freight cost
Amount to be capitalized = $260,000 - (2% * $260,000) + $10,500
To find the cash discount amount, we multiply the equipment cost by the discount rate:
Cash discount = 2% * $260,000 = $5,200
Now we can calculate the amount to be capitalized:
Amount to be capitalized = $260,000 - $5,200 + $10,500 = $265,300
Therefore, the amount to be capitalized for Part C is $265,300.
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what-were-the-results-of-the-atomic-bombings-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki
The results of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were devastating. The bombings caused massive destruction, loss of life, and long-term effects on the survivors and the cities.
On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, followed by another atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, towards the end of World War II. The bombings had several significant results:
1. Massive Destruction: The atomic bombs caused extensive damage to the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Buildings, infrastructure, and residential areas were leveled or severely damaged, leading to widespread devastation.
2. Loss of Life: The immediate impact of the bombings was the loss of a significant number of lives. It is estimated that around 140,000 people died in Hiroshima and 70,000 people died in Nagasaki as a direct result of the bombings. Many more suffered from injuries and long-term health effects.
3. Radiation and Long-Term Effects: The atomic bombs released a tremendous amount of radiation, leading to long-term health consequences for survivors. Radiation sickness, cancers, and other radiation-related illnesses plagued the survivors, known as hibakusha, for years after the bombings. Generations following the bombings also experienced increased risks of genetic disorders and birth defects.
4. Surrender of Japan: The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki played a significant role in Japan's decision to surrender. The devastation caused by the atomic bombs and the fear of further bombings prompted Emperor Hirohito to announce Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, effectively ending World War II.
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had catastrophic consequences in terms of human lives, infrastructure, and long-term health effects. While they played a role in ending the war, the bombings also highlighted the destructive power of nuclear weapons and led to international discussions on arms control and the need to prevent the use of such weapons in the future.
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Could you please prepare detailed analysis for DHL's corporate
social responsibility activities by using DHL's website?
DHL is a global courier company that provides shipping and delivery services to its clients worldwide. They have a strong commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR), and they have implemented a number of initiatives that reflect this commitment. In order to prepare a detailed analysis of DHL's CSR activities, we can use the information available on their website.
Firstly, we can look at DHL's environmental initiatives. They have set themselves some ambitious targets in terms of reducing their carbon emissions, such as a 30% improvement in carbon efficiency by 2020. They have also invested heavily in alternative fuels and electric vehicles, and they have implemented a number of energy-saving measures across their operations.
Secondly, we can look at DHL's social initiatives. They have implemented a number of programs to support their employees, such as training and development opportunities and flexible working arrangements. They have also implemented a number of programs to support the communities in which they operate, such as disaster relief and environmental education programs.
Finally, we can look at DHL's governance and ethics initiatives. They have a strong commitment to ethical business practices and have implemented a number of policies and procedures to ensure that they operate in a responsible and transparent manner. They also have a robust system in place for managing risk and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
In conclusion, DHL has implemented a number of initiatives that demonstrate their commitment to corporate social responsibility. Through their environmental, social, and governance and ethics initiatives, they are working to make a positive impact on the world around them.
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annie's salary was _____.$25 per day$25 per week$25 per month
Based on the given options, Annie's salary was either $25 per day, $25 per week, or $25 per month. However, the question doesn't provide us with enough information to determine which one is correct. We don't know how long Annie worked for or how much she earned in total.
Therefore, we can't give a definitive answer to the question. However, it's important to note that the question is incomplete and lacks the necessary details to determine Annie's salary. It's possible that there may be other factors involved in calculating her pay such as bonuses, overtime, or deductions. Therefore, it's important to provide sufficient information when asking questions to get accurate answers.
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In an airline checkin model, several check-in counters are manned by multiple attendants. Which of the following queuing systems is normally the one used in this case? (Assume only one class of passengers for the airline).
a single server, single queue system
b parallel server, single queue system
c single server, multiple queue system
d none of the above is applicable in this scenario
In an airline checkin model, several check-in counters are manned by multiple attendants, the following queuing systems is normally the one used in this case is C. single server, multiple queue system
Multiple check-in counters are usually manned by several attendants and passengers may form a queue at any of the counters. Multiple queue systems are designed in such a way that customers who arrive first are served first, as is the case with other queuing systems. In most cases, passengers can choose the queue with the shortest line in order to minimize the amount of time they spend waiting to be checked in.
This system is considered to be effective since it is efficient in ensuring that customers are served in an orderly and timely manner. This ensures that the airline is able to check-in passengers quickly and efficiently, which is crucial when trying to ensure that flights depart on time and customers have a positive experience. Therefore in an airline check-in model, a multiple queue system is the one that is normally used. So the correct answer is C. single server, multiple queue system.
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Discuss four factors to be borne in kind when selecting a
research topic. (20 Marks)
When selecting a research topic, several factors should be considered to ensure a successful and meaningful study. Here are four important factors to bear in mind:
Interest and passion: Choose a research topic that genuinely interests you and aligns with your passion. When you are passionate about the topic, you will be more motivated, engaged, and committed to conducting thorough research and producing high-quality work.
Relevance and significance: Ensure that the chosen research topic is relevant and significant in your field of study. It should address a gap in knowledge, contribute to existing literature, or provide practical implications that can benefit society or the industry.
Feasibility and resources: Assess the feasibility of conducting research on the chosen topic. Consider the availability of resources, including time, funding, data, and research materials. Ensure that you have access to the necessary tools and support to successfully carry out the research.
Research scope and objectives: Clearly define the scope and objectives of your research. Determine the specific research questions or hypotheses you aim to address and ensure they are achievable within the given timeframe and resources.
Considering these factors will help you select a research topic that is personally fulfilling, academically valuable, feasible to conduct, and aligned with your research goals.
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short answers
1.A CPA is auditing the Atlantis Diner in Astoria, Queens, NY which historically receives approximately 5% of its revenue in cash. The owner of the diner represents that the diner is a "going concern.
Short answers regarding CPA's audit of Atlantis Diner in Astoria, Queens, NY: CPA stands for Certified Public Accountant.
A certified public accountant (CPA) is a designation given by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) to individuals who have passed the Uniform CPA Examination and met other education and experience requirements.
A going concern refers to a company's ability to continue operating indefinitely. A company is a going concern if it has the resources to continue operating indefinitely and meet its obligations without going bankrupt. A company's assets should be greater than its liabilities to be considered a going concern.
In this context, 5% of cash revenue means that 5% of the revenue that Atlantis Diner generates comes from cash transactions.
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question 3
i want around 500 words
[3] What is the recent role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies for Supply Chain Management? [4] What is the impact of supplies shortage on the Supply chain process during the
Recent Role of Artificial Intelligence in Supply Chain Management Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought transformation in the way supply chain management (SCM) is executed. AI has the ability to offer data-driven, predictive, and real-time information regarding different aspects of supply chain management, including supplier performance, inventory levels, and logistics options.
This information helps to make accurate decisions that aid in reducing costs, improving efficiency, and enhancing customer service. In this way, the recent role of artificial intelligence technologies for supply chain management has been significant. There are various AI applications in SCM, including autonomous vehicles, blockchain, and predictive analytics, that have helped to improve the process of managing the supply chain. Autonomous vehicles have revolutionized logistics and transportation by streamlining processes and reducing the number of errors in deliveries. Blockchain technology has enabled the supply chain to achieve greater transparency and traceability by providing an unalterable and secure ledger that records every transaction along the supply chain. Predictive analytics has improved the efficiency of supply chain management by providing real-time insights into the different factors affecting the supply chain, such as demand patterns, weather, traffic, and transportation costs. In summary, AI technologies have enhanced supply chain management by offering real-time, predictive, and data-driven information that helps to optimize operations and minimize risks.Impact of Supplies Shortage on the Supply Chain ProcessDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased risk of supplies shortage due to disruptions in supply chain networks, resulting in delays and shortages of critical supplies. These supply shortages have had a significant impact on the supply chain process. In particular, supplies shortages have led to increased demand uncertainty, longer lead times, and increased logistics costs, which have led to increased prices for goods and services. In addition, the shortage of raw materials has led to a decline in the production capacity of manufacturing companies, leading to production delays, inventory shortages, and reduced customer service levels.
To mitigate the impact of supplies shortage on the supply chain process, companies should adopt strategies such as creating alternate sources of supply, improving communication with suppliers, increasing inventory levels, and optimizing logistics operations to ensure that products are delivered on time and at the lowest possible cost. Furthermore, companies should also explore the use of advanced technologies such as AI, blockchain, and predictive analytics to enhance the efficiency and transparency of their supply chain operations and mitigate the risks associated with supply chain disruptions.
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Acme Inc. wants to save $250,000 over the next 20 years?
How much must they deposit at the end of every six months into
an accounting earning a semi annual rate of 9.37%
To calculate the amount Acme Inc. must deposit at the end of every six months to accumulate $250,000 over 20 years, we can use the formula for the future value of a semi-annual annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
FV = Future value (desired accumulation amount)
P = Semi-annual deposit
r = Semi-annual interest rate
n = Number of periods (semi-annual periods)
In this case, we have:
FV = $250,000
r = 9.37% per semi-annual period = 0.0937 (decimal)
n = 20 years * 2 semi-annual periods/year = 40 semi-annual periods
Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for P:
$250,000 = P * [(1 + 0.0937)^40 - 1] / 0.0937
Solving this equation will give us the amount Acme Inc. needs to deposit at the end of every six months to reach their savings goal.
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Based on the below data what will be the value of SST?
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Standard Error
Observations 8
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Regression 1 25 25 8
Residual 6 21 3
Total 7
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 0 31.274666 3.984284 0.007248
Advertising (thousands of $) 36 6.19330674 1.610802 0.158349
The ANOVA table provides the necessary information for calculating SST. From the ANOVA table Based on the given data, we can determine the value of SST (Total Sum of Squares) by examining the ANOVA table.
From the ANOVA table:
Total degrees of freedom (df) = 7
Total Sum of Squares (SST) = SS_Total = Total SS = 7 (given)
Therefore, the value of SST is 7.
However, the ANOVA table does not explicitly provide the value of SS_Total. Typically, the value of SS_Total is calculated as the sum of squares of the dependent variable (Y) from the overall mean.
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The process is considered to be in control if all the following rules are followed EXCEPT
A. Most of the points are near the process average B. Approximately equal number of sample points occur above and below the center line. C. The sample point appears randomly distributed D. Too many sample points close to the upper and lower control limits E. There are no sample points outside the control limits.
The process is considered to be in control if all of the following rules are followed, except for: D. Too many sample points close to the upper and lower control limits.
In a control chart, the upper and lower control limits represent the acceptable range of variation for the process. If a significant number of sample points are clustered close to the control limits, it suggests that the process is experiencing excessive variation or is out of control. Therefore, having too many sample points close to the upper and lower control limits is an indication of an out-of-control process, and it does not align with the criteria for a process to be considered in control.
On the other hand, options A, B, C, and E all represent characteristics of a process that is in control. These include having most of the points near the process average (A), an approximately equal number of sample points above and below the center line (B), a random distribution of sample points (C), and no sample points outside the control limits (E). These criteria indicate that the process is stable, predictable, and exhibiting normal variation.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Too many sample points close to the upper and lower control limits.
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Suppose there are two snowboard manufacturers, Burton and K2. Consider the following demand functions for the two companies' snowboards: Burton K2 qB900 - 2PB+PK 9K = 900 - 2PK + PB PB and pK are the prices set by Burton and K2, respectively. qв and qk are the quantities sold by Burton and K2, respectively. For simplicity, assume that the marginal cost of producing snowboard is zero. (a) Each company sets its price to maximize profits (Bertrand competition). Derive the best response functions of Burton and K2. [10 marks] (b) Find the Bertrand equilibrium prices, quantities and profits. [5 marks] Now assume that these firms compete in quantities (Cournot): each company sets its quantity to maximize profits. We can rewrite the above demand functions as: Burton K2 2 PB = 900 - - 3 ав - Зак PK = 900-9K9B c) Derive the new best response functions of Burton and K2. Compare with the best-responses obtained in part (a). [10 marks] (d) Find the Cournot equilibrium prices, quantities and profits. [5 marks] (e) In view of your answers in parts (b) and (d), discuss firms' ability to raise their price above marginal costs in each model. Comment on the efficiency (in terms of total welfare) of the Cournot and Bertrand models. [10 marks] (f) Consider now a more general system of inverse demand functions. Burton K2 рв= 900-3ав - 79к рк = 900-вак - 19в where 3 > 0 and y = [0,3]. We have seen that y2/3² expresses the degree of product dif- ferentiation. Explain in words (you do not need to derive the mathematical expressions for equilibrium prices and quantities) how the level of product differentiation affects the difference in prices between the Cournot and Bertrand equilibria.
In a Bertrand competition, each company sets prices to maximize profits, while in a Cournot competition, they set quantities. The Cournot model allows for positive profits but is less efficient in terms of total welfare compared to the Bertrand model due to higher prices and lower consumer surplus. The level of product differentiation affects the price difference between the Cournot and Bertrand equilibria, with higher differentiation leading to smaller price differences.
In a Bertrand competition, where each company sets its price to maximize profits, the best response functions for Burton and K2 can be derived as follows:
(a) Best response functions in Bertrand competition:
For Burton: PB = (900 - 2PK + PK) / 2 = (900 + PK) / 2
For K2: PK = (900 - 2PB + PB) / 9 = (900 - PB) / 9
(b) Bertrand equilibrium prices, quantities, and profits can be found by solving the simultaneous equations of the best response functions. By substituting the best responses into the demand functions, we can obtain the equilibrium outcomes.
In a Cournot competition, where each company sets its quantity to maximize profits, the best response functions for Burton and K2 can be derived as follows:
(c) Best response functions in Cournot competition:
For Burton: QB = (900 - 3PK - 9K) / 3
For K2: QK = (900 - 9PB - PB) / 19
(d) Cournot equilibrium prices, quantities, and profits can be found by solving the simultaneous equations of the best response functions. By substituting the best responses into the demand functions, we can obtain the equilibrium outcomes.
(e) In the Bertrand model, firms can undercut each other's prices until prices converge to marginal costs, resulting in zero profits. In the Cournot model, firms compete in quantities and can earn positive profits. The Cournot model is less efficient in terms of total welfare compared to the Bertrand model, as the quantity competition leads to a less competitive outcome with higher prices and lower consumer surplus.
(f) The level of product differentiation, represented by y in the inverse demand functions, affects the difference in prices between the Cournot and Bertrand equilibria. As y increases, indicating higher product differentiation, the difference in prices between the two models tends to decrease. This is because in the Cournot model, firms consider the quantity competition and differentiate their products to some extent, resulting in less price competition compared to the Bertrand model where firms engage in direct price competition. As product differentiation increases, firms have more flexibility to set prices closer to each other, leading to smaller price differences between the two models.
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Typically, it is preferable to report wrongdoing to external groups rather than relying on internal mechanisms. O True O False
The given statement, "Typically, it is preferable to report wrongdoing to external groups rather than relying on internal mechanisms," is false.
Reporting wrongdoing refers to the act of reporting any illegal, unethical, or harmful actions or behaviors carried out by an individual, a company, or an organization to the appropriate authorities or groups. Internal mechanisms refer to the methods put in place within an organization to prevent, investigate, and deal with any form of wrongdoing. This can include various protocols, policies, and internal reporting mechanisms set up by organizations to maintain ethical standards.
These groups can include regulatory bodies, law enforcement agencies, or industry watchdogs. Typically, these groups have the necessary expertise and authority to investigate and take action against any form of wrongdoing. Therefore, typically it is preferable to report wrongdoing to internal mechanisms as they are designed to provide immediate and adequate responses. If a person is unsure about the right course of action, it is best to seek the guidance of experienced advisors and professionals before reporting any concerns or suspicions.
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We have now discussed offer, acceptance, and
consideration. Can there be a valid contract with only two of the
three?
In general, for a contract to be considered valid and legally enforceable, three essential elements must be present: offer, acceptance, and consideration.
These elements establish the mutual assent and intention of the parties involved. However, there are certain circumstances where a contract can be valid with only two of the three elements. Let's examine these scenarios:
1. Offer and Acceptance without Consideration:In some jurisdictions, certain agreements may be enforceable even if consideration is not present. This typically applies to contracts that fall under the doctrine of promissory estoppel or detrimental reliance. These situations involve one party making a promise to another, and the second party relying on that promise to their detriment. Although consideration is lacking, the court may enforce the promise to prevent justice .
2. Offer and Consideration without Acceptance:
In certain cases, the conduct or performance of one party may be considered acceptance of an offer. This is known as implied acceptance. For example, if Party A offers to pay Party B a specific sum of money in exchange for the delivery of goods, and Party B delivers the goods without explicitly accepting the offer, their conduct can be seen as acceptance. The consideration, in this case, is the delivery of goods.
3. Acceptance and Consideration without an Offer:In rare circumstances, a contract can be formed without an explicit offer. This typically occurs in situations where one party provides a service or benefit to another party with the expectation of payment. The conduct of the parties and the exchange of consideration can create a contractual relationship, even in the absence of a formal offer.
It's important to note that these exceptions to the general rule are subject to specific legal requirements and may vary depending on the jurisdiction. Additionally, contracts formed without all three elements may have limitations and may not be as robust or comprehensive as contracts that contain all essential elements. It is always advisable to consult legal counsel to understand the specific legal requirements and implications in a particular jurisdiction.
In conclusion, while the presence of offer, acceptance, and consideration is generally required for a valid contract, there are exceptions where a contract can be formed with only two of the three elements, depending on the circumstances and applicable legal principles.
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Research the world's most valuable airline brands for the most recent year available (Top 10 List). Statista.com or forbes.com are acceptable sources. Note: The most valuable airline is NOT the same as the best airline. Choose one airline on the list and discuss the following (some items may require further research): • What is the brand equity in terms of U.S. dollars? • Has the airline's position on the list changed since last year? Give your opinion as to why or why not? • There are several methods for determining brand equity. Though you may not be able to determine with certainty, discuss how you think the airline's brand equity was computed. • Next, search for the world's top brands. Where does your airline place on the list? Format Limit your paper to 300 words, excluding references (no cover/title page is necessary). After an introductory paragraph, you may respond in bullet format. Remember to cite your work in current APA format (excluding title page), including Times New Roman, 12-point font, and double-spaced. Your paper must be grammatically sound and free of spelling errors.
ANSWER: One of the most valuable airline brands in the world is Emirates.
According to the 2020 Brand Finance report. Emirates has a brand equity of $7.7 billion. In terms of ranking, Emirates moved down one spot from the previous year, but it still managed to stay in the top ten. The reason for the decrease in rank could be attributed to the global pandemic that caused significant reductions in air travel and revenue. Brand equity is determined through various methods. One common method used to compute brand equity is by calculating the difference between the price of a branded product and an identical unbranded product. Another method is through consumer surveys and market research. The exact method used to compute Emirates' brand equity is not provided, but it is assumed to be a combination of both approaches. According to the Brand Finance report, Emirates ranked 230th among the world's top brands in 2020. Emirates continues to remain one of the most valuable airline brands globally and has managed to maintain its position despite the pandemic.
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The purpose of the rules governing life insurance and annuity replacements is to:
a) Protect policyholders from fraud and abuse
b) Ensure that policyholders receive the best possible coverage
c) Promote competition among insurance companies
d) Reduce the cost of insurance for consumers
The purpose of the rules governing life insurance and annuity replacements is to: a) Protect policyholders from fraud and abuse.
The rules governing life insurance and annuity replacements serve the purpose of protecting policyholders from fraud and abuse. These rules are designed to ensure that policyholders are adequately informed and protected when they consider replacing an existing life insurance or annuity policy with a new one. Replacing a policy can have significant financial implications for policyholders, and it is important to have regulations in place to safeguard their interests.
By implementing rules and regulations, insurance regulatory bodies aim to prevent deceptive practices, misrepresentations, and unfair sales tactics that could harm policyholders. These rules typically require insurance companies and agents to provide clear and accurate information about the costs, benefits, and risks associated with replacing a policy. They may also establish guidelines for suitability assessments, disclosure requirements, and cooling-off periods to give policyholders sufficient time and information to make informed decisions.
The primary objective of these rules is to protect policyholders from potential abuse, ensure transparency in the insurance market, and maintain the integrity of the insurance industry.
The purpose of the rules governing life insurance and annuity replacements is to protect policyholders from fraud and abuse. These rules aim to ensure that policyholders have access to accurate information, are treated fairly, and are able to make informed decisions regarding their insurance coverage.
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What are the ways to prevent and overcome common project management problems?
Should the project manager always be in charge of initiating the communication between team members, sponsors, and other stakeholders?
Project management problems can hinder a project's success. They are, however, a common aspect of the job.
The following are some of the techniques for preventing and resolving them:
1. Communication: Communication is vital for the success of any project. It is crucial that every project member understands the goals and requirements of the project. Project managers must communicate regularly with team members, sponsors, and other stakeholders.
2. Risk Management: Risk management is the method of identifying, evaluating, and addressing potential issues that may occur during a project. Risks can be both positive and negative. Project managers should anticipate and mitigate negative risks while embracing positive risks.
3. Project Scope: The scope of a project determines its objectives, deadlines, and goals. Project managers should outline the scope of the project in detail to avoid misunderstandings or incomplete work.
4. Resource Management: Resource management involves the effective allocation of resources, such as budget, people, and equipment. Project managers must ensure that each resource is utilized efficiently. They should monitor and modify resource allocation to optimize performance and prevent problems.
5. Time Management: Time management is critical for project success. It is essential to track timelines and milestones to ensure that the project is progressing at the right speed. Project managers should also avoid over-committing their team members, which can lead to burnout and missed deadlines.
6. Monitoring and Control: Project managers should regularly monitor and control the project to ensure that it is on track. They should compare the actual results to the original plan and make changes accordingly. Project managers should also track expenses, resource usage, and project performance metrics and adjust their approach accordingly.
In summary, there are several ways to prevent and overcome common project management problems.
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pic is blurry. the cost kf locating a fire station is $400k for tract 1, $350k for tract2, $550k for tract3, $400k for tract4,and $650k for tract5 .
A. formulate an integer programming model to determine which tracts should recieve a dire station to minimize the total cost of building stations while ensuring each tract has at least one fire station close enough to respond to a fire within 12 minutes.
B. write an additional constraint that ensures tracts 4 and 5 cannot have stations together.
The integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total cost of building fire stations while ensuring response time constraints and preventing tracts 4 and 5 from having stations together.
Let's define the decision variables as binary variables representing whether a fire station is built in each tract (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5). The objective is to minimize the total cost, which is the sum of the cost of locating a fire station in each selected tract.
Subject to the constraints:
- Each tract should have at least one fire station close enough to respond within 12 minutes:
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 ≥ 1
- Tracts 4 and 5 cannot have stations together:
x4 + x5 ≤ 1
The objective function to minimize the total cost is:
Minimize: 400k * x1 + 350k * x2 + 550k * x3 + 400k * x4 + 650k * x5
By formulating this integer programming model with appropriate decision variables and constraints, we can determine which tracts should receive a fire station to minimize the total cost while ensuring response time requirements and the constraint of preventing stations in tracts 4 and 5 from being located together.
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2 Suppose you are a quality manager in "BASUS" laptop manufacturer. You Found [4] [CO3] out that the laptops overheats and battery life is not as good as the competitors.. You also found out that the ram are not fitting well into the ram slot. All of these creating quality losses. So explain how you can reduce the losses according to different types of Taguchi loss function, with necessary sketches. Between 60 and 40 which reduce variability more and which costs more?
A quality manager in "BASUS" laptop manufacturer, addressing the quality losses associated with overheating, poor battery life, and ill-fitting RAM is crucial to ensure customer satisfaction and competitiveness in the market. To reduce these losses, we can employ the principles of Taguchi loss functions, which aim to minimize the variability in product performance and enhance customer satisfaction.
Taguchi loss functions recognize two types of losses: the "small-the-better" type and the "larger-the-better" type. The small-the-better type refers to situations where the quality characteristic is desirable to be as small as possible, such as overheating or battery life. On the other hand, the larger-the-better type applies to quality characteristics that should be maximized, such as RAM fitting well into the slot.
Reduce the variability in overheating and battery life, which fall under the small-the-better type, we need to identify the critical factors that influence these quality characteristics and optimize them. This can be achieved through robust design techniques, such as using advanced cooling systems, improving thermal management, and enhancing battery technology. By focusing on reducing variability in these factors, we can minimize the occurrence of overheating and enhance battery life.
For ill-fitting RAM, which falls under the larger-the-better type, we need to ensure a proper and secure fit between the RAM and the slot. This can be achieved by improving the design and manufacturing process, using precise tolerances, and implementing rigorous quality control measures during production. By reducing the variability in the RAM fitting, we can maximize the performance and reliability of the laptops.
When comparing the reduction of variability between 60% and 40%, reducing variability from 60% to 40% would result in a greater reduction. The larger the percentage reduction, the more significant the impact on reducing variability. However, it is important to consider the associated costs as well.
Achieving a higher reduction in variability may require more resources, investment, and efforts, thus potentially increasing the costs. Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between the desired reduction in variability and the associated costs to ensure cost-effectiveness and optimal quality improvement strategies.
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Hybrid commission plan is a
Stock option.
Market share.
Stock bonus.
Share purchase.
The **hybrid commission plan** is not specifically related to stock options, market share, stock bonuses, or share purchases.
A hybrid commission plan is a **compensation structure** that combines elements of different types of commission plans. It typically includes a base salary or hourly wage along with a commission component based on sales performance. The commission portion may be based on a percentage of sales, a tiered structure, or other performance metrics.
This type of commission plan allows for a flexible approach to rewarding employees based on their individual and team contributions. By combining different elements, companies can align employee incentives with business goals, motivating sales representatives to achieve targets and drive revenue.
While stock options, market share, stock bonuses, and share purchases are all forms of compensation or financial instruments, they are distinct from the concept of a hybrid commission plan.
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A company manufactures and sells x television sets per month. The monthly cost and price-demand equations are C(x) = 72,000 + 50x and p(x) = 300 0sxs 6000. 20 (A) Find the maximum revenue. (B) Find the maximum profit, the production level that will realize the maximum profit, and the price the company should charge for each television set. (C) If the government decides to tax the company $4 for each set it produces, how many sets should the company manufacture each month to maximize its profit? What is the maximum profit? What should the company charge for each set? (A) The maximum revenue is $ (Type an integer or a decimal.) when sets are manufactured and sold for $ each. (B) The maximum profit is $ (Type integers or decimals.) when sets are manufactured and sold for $ each. (C) When each set is taxed at $4, the maximum profit is $ (Type integers or decimals.)
To get the production level that will maximize the profit, differentiate the profit equation and equate it to zero:dP(x)/dx = - 0.4x + 2946 = 0x = 7365So, when each set is taxed at $4, the company should manufacture 7365 sets each month to maximize its profit. The price of each set should be p (7365) = 441.90The maximum profit is $2,134,751.63.
A company manufactures and sells x television sets per month. The monthly cost and price-demand equations are C(x) = 72,000 + 50x and p(x) = 300 0sxs 6000. 20(A) Maximum RevenueThe revenue of a product is equal to the product of its price and quantity. This can be written mathematically as R (x) = x P(x) (where P(x) is the price-demand equation).Therefore, R (x) = x p(x) = 3000x - 0.2x^2If you differentiate this equation with respect to x, we will get the value of x that maximizes the revenue.dR(x)/dx = 3000 - 0.4x = 0x = 7500Therefore, the maximum revenue is obtained when 7500 TV sets are produced and sold every month. The price that will realize the maximum revenue is p (7500) = 450.20(B) Maximum profitThe profit can be obtained by subtracting the cost from the revenue. Therefore, P(x) = R (x) - C(x)Therefore, P(x) = 3000x - 0.2x^2 - 72,000 - 50x = - 0.2x^2 + 2950x - 72,000If we differentiate this equation with respect to x and equate it to zero, we will get the value of x that maximizes the profit.dP(x)/dx = - 0.4x + 2950 = 0x = 7375Hence, the maximum profit is obtained when 7375 TV sets are produced and sold every month. The price that will realize the maximum profit is p (7375) = 442.50The maximum profit is $2,138,281.25(C) The production level that will maximize the company's profit will change if there is a $4 tax per TV. In this case, the cost function will change to C (x) = 72,000 + 50x + 4x = 72,000 + 54xThe profit equation will now beP (x) = R (x) - C(x) = 3000x - 0.2x^2 - (72,000 + 54x) = - 0.2x^2 + 2946x - 72,000.
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Suppose Wacken, Limited, just issued a dividend of $1.85 per share on its common stock. The company paid dividends of $1.50, $1.59, $1.66, and $1.77 per share in the last four years.
a. If the stock currently sells for $45, what is your best estimate of the company's cost of equity capital using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. What if you use the geometric average growth rate? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a. Cost of equity____%
b. Cost of equity____%
The Cost of equity using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends is 9.16% and using the geometric average growth rate in dividends is 8.84%
.a. Cost of equity using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends:Given dividend payout:$1.50, $1.59, $1.66, $1.77, $1.85Given Selling price of stock, P=$45We need to estimate the cost of equity. It can be found using the Gordon Growth Model formula:g = (D1 / P) + g, whereg = the company's annual dividend growth rate,D1 = the expected dividend in one year from now,P = the current stock priceWe can estimate the growth rate using the arithmetic average growth rate formula:
Arithmetic average growth rate = [($1.85/$1.50)^(1/4)] - 1Arithmetic average growth rate ≈ 5.58%Expected dividend in one year = $1.85 (Given in question)Cost of equity capital = [($1.85 / $45) + 5.58%] x 100%Cost of equity ≈ 9.16%b. Cost of equity using the geometric average growth rate in dividends:Geometric average growth rate = [(1.50 x 1.59 x 1.66 x 1.77 x 1.85)^(1/5)] - 1Geometric average growth rate ≈ 5.44%Cost of equity capital = [($1.85 / $45) + 5.44%] x 100%Cost of equity ≈ 8.84%
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Answer the following questions. a) Suppose that there are 10 million people living in a certain country and its unemployment rate is known to be 10%. From these statistics, we can conclude that 1 million people of this country are unemployed. Do you agree? Explain. (3 marks) b) List the three main types of unemployment. (3 marks) c) What type of unemployment might older workers be more prone to experience than younger workers? Explain. (2 marks) d) Using the following data calculate the labor force participation rate. (2 marks) Working-age population = 220 million Labor force = 180 million Number employed = 160 million
a) No, the conclusion is not correct. To determine the number of unemployed individuals, we need to calculate it as a percentage of the labor force, not the total population. The unemployment rate is calculated as the number of unemployed individuals divided by the labor force, multiplied by 100. In this case, the labor force is not given, so we cannot accurately determine the number of unemployed individuals.
b) The three main types of unemployment are:
1. Frictional unemployment: This type of unemployment occurs when individuals are temporarily between jobs or are searching for their first job. It is typically short-term and occurs due to factors such as job transitions, geographic mobility, or skill mismatches.
2. Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment arises from long-term changes in the structure of an economy, such as technological advancements or shifts in consumer preferences. It occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of workers and the available job opportunities.
3. Cyclical unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is related to the business cycle and occurs during economic downturns or recessions. It is a result of reduced demand for goods and services, leading to layoffs and a higher unemployment rate.
c) Older workers may be more prone to experiencing structural unemployment compared to younger workers. This is because older workers may face challenges in adapting to technological advancements or changes in the job market. Their skills and qualifications may not align with the evolving demands of the workforce, making it more difficult for them to find suitable employment.
d) The labor force participation rate can be calculated as the percentage of the working-age population that is part of the labor force. It can be calculated using the formula:
Labor force participation rate = (Labor force / Working-age population) * 100
Given the data:
Working-age population = 220 million
Labor force = 180 million
Number employed = 160 million
Labor force participation rate = (180 million / 220 million) * 100 = 81.82%
Therefore, the labor force participation rate is 81.82%.
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Which of the following estimates is not used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections? Multiple Choice The number of units sold O The selling price per unit The percent of next quarter's unt sales in ending inventory The credit sales collection partem
The estimate that is not used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections is "The percent of next quarter's unit sales in ending inventory. Sales Budget Sales budget is a quantitative plan that estimates how much revenue an organization will earn from selling its goods or services.
It takes into account sales volume, unit price, and the resulting total sales revenue for a given period.In preparing a sales budget, we utilize the following estimates: Units SoldSelling Price per Unit Credit Sales Collection PatternSchedule of Expected Cash CollectionsHowever, "The percent of next quarter's unit sales in ending inventory" is not used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections.Hence, the correct option is "The percent of next quarter's unit sales in ending inventory" is not used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections. The estimate that is not used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections is "The percent of next quarter's unit sales in ending inventory.Sales budget is a financial plan for a company that predicts its income for a certain time period.
This financial plan takes into account the expected volume of products sold, the selling price of each item, and the total sales revenue resulting from these items sold.Sales budget is prepared by making use of some estimates. The estimates that are used in preparing a sales budget including a schedule of expected cash collections are as follows:1. Units Sold: It is a projected amount of products that will be sold in the future. This can be determined by analyzing previous sales data or by using sales forecasts.2. Selling Price per Unit: The price of a single unit sold by a company is known as the selling price per unit. The price of goods or services can be based on previous prices, market trends, or competition.3. Credit Sales Collection Pattern: It is a set of rules that describe when and how payments will be made on purchases made on credit. These rules can be based on the payment history of previous customers or on industry standards.4. Schedule of Expected Cash Collections .
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as you negotiate with a supplier, you attempt to drive down price by pointing out an undesirable characteristic of her product. this is an example of which negotiation tactic?
The negotiation tactic being employed in this scenario is negative framing, where the negotiator attempts to drive down the price by highlighting an undesirable characteristic of the supplier's product. It involves emphasizing the negative aspect as a leverage point in the negotiation process.
Negotiators often use negative framing to try to influence the other party by highlighting an undesirable characteristic or drawback of their product or proposal. By drawing attention to this unfavorable aspect, they aim to create a sense of urgency or dissatisfaction, ultimately seeking to drive down the price or gain concessions in the negotiation.
However, it is important to note that while negative framing can be a valid negotiation tactic, it should be used judiciously and ethically. Overusing this approach may strain the relationship with the supplier and hinder the possibility of reaching a mutually beneficial agreement.
In negotiation, it is crucial to maintain a balanced approach that considers the overall value proposition, taking into account both the positive and negative aspects of the product or service being discussed. By focusing solely on the negative aspects, negotiators risk creating a confrontational atmosphere that may impede productive discussions and damage long-term business relationships.
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