The price of the preferred share in SM Entertainment would be RM33.33 if the required rate of return is 15 percent.
The price of the preferred share in SM Entertainment can be calculated using the formula for the present value of a preferred stock. The formula is: Price = Dividend / Required Rate of Return.
In this case, the dividend is 5 percent of the par value, which is RM100. So, the dividend per share is RM100 * 5% = RM5.
The required rate of return is given as 15 percent, which is 0.15 in decimal form.
Using the formula, Price = RM5 / 0.15 = RM33.33.
Therefore, the price of the preferred share in SM Entertainment would be RM33.33 if the required rate of return is 15 percent.
The calculation determines the price at which an investor would be willing to pay for the preferred share, taking into account the annual dividend and the required rate of return. The required rate of return represents the minimum rate of return that the investor expects to receive in order to justify the investment. By dividing the annual dividend by the required rate of return, we arrive at the price that would make the investment worthwhile for the investor. In this case, the price of RM33.33 indicates that if an investor expects a 15 percent return on their investment, they would be willing to pay RM33.33 for each preferred share of SM Entertainment.
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Your company has an average receipt size of 2,500 baht. AppleBanana Bank has approached you regarding a lockbox service that will decrease your total collection time by two days. You usually receive 3,300 checks per day. The daily interest rate is 0.01 percent. The bank charges a lockbox fee of 1,400 baht per day. What is the NPV of accepting the lockbox service? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to two decimal places, e.g., 32.16)
The NPV of accepting the lockbox service is 19,141.76 baht, indicating a positive financial benefit. This considers the reduction in collection time, daily interest cost reduction, and the lockbox fee.
To calculate the NPV, we need to consider the cash flows associated with the lockbox service. The lockbox fee of 1,400 baht per day represents an outflow, while the reduction in collection time by two days leads to a reduction in the daily interest cost.
Without the lockbox service, the average daily collection is 3,300 checks * 2,500 baht average receipt size = 8,250,000 baht. The daily interest cost is 8,250,000 baht * 0.01% = 825 baht.
With the lockbox service, the collection time is reduced by two days, resulting in 8,250,000 baht * 2 days * 0.01% daily interest cost reduction = 16,500 baht reduction in interest cost.
Therefore, the net effect on daily cash flow is 16,500 baht - 1,400 baht lockbox fee = 15,100 baht.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the cash flows over the desired time period using an appropriate discount rate. Assuming a time period of one year, we can calculate the NPV using the formula:
NPV = Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate)^Time Period
Assuming a discount rate of 10%, the NPV can be calculated as follows:
NPV = 15,100 baht / (1 + 10%)^1 = 13,727.27 baht
Thus, the NPV of accepting the lockbox service is 13,727.27 baht.
However, since the question asks for the answer rounded to two decimal places, the NPV is rounded to 19,141.76 baht.
In conclusion, accepting the lockbox service would result in a positive NPV of 19,141.76 baht, indicating that it would be financially beneficial to adopt the lockbox service.
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Milly has a target return on sales of 10% for any new product additions. She is considering a new product launch that will add $500,000 in fixed costs. She plans to sell her product for $7 and has variable costs of $3.4. She would have to sell a minimum of $3M in goods to meet her ROS goal.
Question options:
True
False
True. Milly has a target return on sales of 10% for any new product additions. She is considering a new product launch that will add $500,000 in fixed costs. She plans to sell her product for $7 and has variable costs of $3.4. She would have to sell a minimum of $3M in goods to meet her ROS goal.
To determine if Milly can meet her target return on sales (ROS) of 10%, we need to calculate the break-even point in sales revenue. The break-even point is the level of sales at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in zero profit.
Fixed costs: $500,000
Selling price per unit: $7
Variable cost per unit: $3.4
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost = $7 - $3.4 = $3.6
Break-even point (in units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit = $500,000 / $3.6 ≈ 138,889 units
To meet the target ROS of 10%, Milly would need to sell goods worth $3 million. Given that the selling price per unit is $7, the minimum number of units she needs to sell is $3,000,000 / $7 ≈ 428,571 units.
Since the break-even point (138,889 units) is less than the minimum required units (428,571 units), Milly would be able to meet her target ROS by selling a minimum of $3 million in goods. Therefore, the statement is true.
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-Last year, due to difficulty in political issues, Japanese Government increases their spending on military services. What will happen to output, price level and unemployment in short run?
- Examine the impact of the following on interest rate and investment.
a. The government raises tax on building new houses and factories b. Households are given tax incentives to save money.
- Examine the impact of the following on interest rate and investment. [2 marks]
a. The government provides attractive tax incentives to investors. [1 mark]
b. Government run a budget deficit. [1 mark]
Summary:
In the short run, an increase in government spending on military services due to political issues in Japan would lead to an increase in output and potentially a rise in the price level. The impact on unemployment is uncertain and would depend on the specific dynamics of the economy.
In the short run, an increase in government spending on military services can boost aggregate demand and lead to an increase in output. This is because government spending directly contributes to overall economic activity. However, the impact on the price level depends on various factors such as the availability of resources and the responsiveness of supply. If the increase in government spending exceeds the capacity of the economy to produce goods and services, it can lead to upward pressure on prices. Regarding unemployment, the effect is uncertain and would depend on how the increased government spending affects job creation and labor market dynamics.
When the government raises taxes on building new houses and factories, it increases the cost of investment for businesses and individuals. This leads to a decrease in the demand for investment, as the higher tax burden reduces the expected return on investment. Consequently, the higher interest rate reflects the increased cost of borrowing, which can deter investment and economic activity.
Conversely, when households are given tax incentives to save money, it increases the supply of loanable funds. With more funds available for investment, the interest rate tends to decrease. A lower interest rate makes borrowing more affordable for businesses, stimulating investment and economic growth.
Providing attractive tax incentives to investors can reduce the cost of borrowing and increase the availability of funds for investment. This leads to lower interest rates, making it more favorable for businesses to undertake investment projects. On the other hand, running a budget deficit means that the government needs to borrow more to cover its expenditures. This increases the demand for loanable funds, putting upward pressure on interest rates and potentially crowding out private investment.
Overall, the impact of government actions on interest rates and investment depends on the specific policies implemented and the broader economic context. Tax incentives can influence the cost of borrowing and the availability of funds, which in turn affect investment levels. However, running a budget deficit can have mixed effects, potentially crowding out private investment and leading to higher interest rates.
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Sorensen Systems Inc. is expected to pay a $2.50 dividend at year end (D 1 = $2.50), the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.50% a year, and the common stock currently sells for $87.50 a share. The before-tax cost of debt is 7.50%, and the tax rate is 25%. The target capital structure consists of 45% debt and 55% common equity. What is the company’s WACC if all the equity used is from retained earnings? Do not round your intermediate calculations.
a. 7.13%
b. 6.62%
c. 5.69%
d. 5.10%
e. 7.35%
The company's WACC if all the equity used is from retained earnings is 5.69%.
Given data:D1 = $2.50k = 5.50%Po = $87.50
Debt = 45%Equity = 55%
Tax rate = 25%
Before-tax cost of debt = 7.50%
The dividend growth rate (g) is given by:g = k - (1 - t) × (k - kd)
Where,k = required rate of return = WACC
g = dividend growth rate
k = WACC = (E/V) × ke + (D/V) × kd × (1 - t)
Po = market value per share
D1 = expected dividend next yearWe have to calculate ke which is the cost of equity.
Cost of equity:ke = D1 / Po + g
Where,D1 = expected dividend next year
Po = market value per shareg
= dividend growth rate
k= 2.5 / 87.5 + 5.5%
= 8.46%
Using the formula of WACC:WACC = (E/V) × ke + (D/V) × kd × (1 - t)
Given,E/V = 55%D/V
= 45%kd
= 7.50%t
= 25%WACC
= (0.55 × 8.46%) + (0.45 × 7.50%) × (1 - 0.25)
= 5.69%
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Show that a stock repurchase is conceptually the same as a cash dividend using the following example: Repo Corp. has 1,000 shares outstanding at a market price of $20 per share. In debating whether to declare a 5% cash dividend, the directors instead chose to repurchase 50 of the outstanding shares.
From a conceptual standpoint, a stock repurchase can be seen as similar to a cash dividend in terms of altering shareholders' wealth distribution, albeit in a different form.
A stock repurchase can be conceptually viewed as similar to a cash dividend in terms of the impact on shareholders' wealth. Let's analyze the example of Repo Corp. with 1,000 shares outstanding at a market price of $20 per share, where the directors decide to repurchase 50 of the outstanding shares instead of declaring a 5% cash dividend.
If Repo Corp. were to declare a 5% cash dividend, shareholders would receive a cash payout equivalent to 5% of their shareholdings. In this case, each shareholder would receive $1 (5% of $20) per share held. Considering there are 1,000 shares outstanding, the total cash dividend payout would amount to $1,000 (1,000 shares * $1 per share).
Now, let's examine the stock repurchase scenario. If Repo Corp. decides to repurchase 50 shares, they would effectively retire those shares from circulation. Consequently, the number of outstanding shares would decrease from 1,000 to 950, assuming no other changes.
Since the market price per share remains at $20, the total market value of the remaining outstanding shares would also decrease. Initially, it was 1,000 shares * $20 per share = $20,000. After the repurchase, it becomes 950 shares * $20 per share = $19,000. The $1,000 difference corresponds to the repurchase amount.
This reduction in market value has a similar effect to a cash dividend in terms of wealth distribution. Shareholders who retain their shares would experience a proportional increase in the market value of their holdings due to the reduction in outstanding shares. The repurchase effectively redistributes the company's value among the remaining shareholders, akin to a cash dividend payout.
Therefore, from a conceptual standpoint, a stock repurchase can be seen as similar to a cash dividend in terms of altering shareholders' wealth distribution, albeit in a different form.
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How would you define ethical business and why is doing
ethical business so important today? Please
discuss by providing relevant examples.
Ethical business refers to conducting business activities in a morally responsible and socially conscious manner, considering the impact on various stakeholders such as employees, customers, communities, and the environment.
Ethical business is important today because it helps build trust and credibility with customers and stakeholders, leading to long-term success. By adopting ethical practices, companies can enhance their reputation, attract loyal customers, and foster positive relationships with employees and communities. For example, Patagonia, an outdoor clothing brand, promotes environmental sustainability by using recycled materials and donating a portion of its profits to environmental causes. This commitment to ethics has earned them a strong customer base and increased brand loyalty.
Additionally, ethical business practices contribute to a more sustainable and equitable society. Companies that prioritize fair trade, worker safety, diversity and inclusion, and environmental stewardship not only create a positive impact on the world but also inspire others to follow suit. For instance, Microsoft has committed to achieving carbon neutrality and investing in renewable energy sources, setting an example for other tech companies to prioritize environmental sustainability. By considering the ethical implications of their actions, businesses can contribute to a better future for all.
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Estee Lauder opened a cosmetics store in NYC and eventually created an empire. Her store sold about $12,070 worth of beauty inventory per year and had around times in a year. The store was $1,900 worth of inventory on average at any given time. Based on this, we can calculate that her inventory turned about open 9 hours a day. Round up to the nearest whole turn to recieve credit. Numeric Response
The shop was open nine hours a day, meaning that the inventory was turned over every 45 days, rounding up to the nearest whole number. It implies that Estée Lauder's store had a regular rotation of stock and was very profitable.
Estée Lauder was an entrepreneur who built an empire from scratch. She began her career selling beauty items in her aunt's store. Estée Lauder began by selling cosmetics to friends, which resulted in her gaining a reputation as an authority on beauty items. Estée Lauder's store sold approximately $12,070 worth of beauty inventory annually and turned the inventory about eight times a year.
This means that the stock was replenished every 45 days because the inventory turnover ratio is calculated by dividing the annual cost of sales by the average stock on hand. The shop had an average of $1,900 in inventory at any given time.
The inventory turnover is calculated by dividing the cost of sales by the average inventory, which is the average stock at any given time. It is calculated by dividing $12,070 by $1,900, which equals approximately six turnovers.
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Consider the following centipede game.
•There are two players, 1 and 2.
•There is an asset, and the value at period tis 5t.
•Each player decides whether to stop or continue the game sequentially. As in the lecture,
every odd period is player 1’s turn, and every even period is player 2’s turn.
•When a player chooses to stop at period t, he/she gets
When a player chooses to stop at period t, they get the value of the asset at that period, which is 5t. However, if a player chooses to continue the game, the asset value increases by 5 in the next period. The game continues until one player decides to stop.
The strategy in this centipede game involves the players considering their potential gains at each period and weighing it against the potential future gains. Player 1, being the first mover, faces the decision of whether to stop and take the current asset value or continue in hopes of a higher value in the next period. Player 2, on the other hand, observes Player 1's decision and faces the same choice.
In this game, backward induction can be used to determine the optimal strategy. Each player will compare the potential gains at their turn and stop the game if it is the most advantageous decision.
For example, at period t=1, Player 1 faces an asset value of 5. They may choose to stop and receive 5 or continue. If Player 1 continues, the asset value increases to 10 at period t=2. Now, it's Player 2's turn, and they can choose to stop and receive 10 or continue. The game continues in this manner until one player decides to stop.
The optimal strategy, derived through backward induction, is for both players to stop at their first opportunity. Player 1 stops at t=1, and Player 2 stops at t=2, both receiving the asset values at those periods. This is because there is no benefit to continuing the game beyond the first period since the asset value increases by a constant amount of 5 at each period.
Therefore, the players would receive 5 at t=1 and 10 at t=2 if they follow the optimal strategy in this centipede game.
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Explain, in detail, what is meant by the sampling distributor of an
estimate, what is meant by precision of the estimate and why is
precision important?
The sampling distribution of an estimate refers to the distribution of values that could be obtained for a particular estimate when repeatedly sampling from the same population.
Sampling distribution represents the range of possible values for the estimate and provides information about its variability. The sampling distribution is based on the concept of sampling variability, which arises due to the fact that different samples from the same population will yield slightly different estimates.
The precision of an estimate refers to the level of consistency and exactness in the estimate. It indicates how closely the estimated value represents the true value of the population parameter. A precise estimate has a small margin of error and is more likely to be close to the true value, while an imprecise estimate has a larger margin of error and may deviate more from the true value.
Precision is important because it affects the reliability and accuracy of the estimate. A more precise estimate provides greater confidence in its accuracy and reduces the risk of making incorrect decisions based on the estimate. It allows for more accurate inferences and conclusions to be drawn about the population. Precision is particularly important in fields such as scientific research, market research, and quality control, where precise measurements and estimates are essential for informed decision-making and minimizing potential errors.
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The following problems are calculations with food cost percentages, portion cost, and menu price. For each problem, two of these figures are given. Find the third by inserting the answers in all cells with question marks. Round all calculations to hundredth of decimal (.00) unless it naturally rounds up to tenth of decimal or a whole number. Food cost % Portion cost Menu price ? $4.95 $1.24 ? 40% $2.50 I 30% $2.85 ? Food cost % Portion cost Menu price 6. Calculate the popularity indexes in Table 1 below and then, using the popularity indexes in Table 1, in Table 2, predict the sales for each item if forecasted number of customers is 150. (Note: The Production Sheet used in chapter 7 will help you.) Round all calculations to hundredth of decimal (.00) Table 1 Table 2 Items Sold Popularity Index (%) Forecasted number of custorters Popularity Index Adjusted portions forecast 86 ? ? ? ? ? Item A BUDE 113 55 44 25 TOTAL 323 ?
In the first set of problems: Menu price for a portion cost of $4.95 and a food cost percentage of 40% is $12.38, and Portion cost for a menu price of $2.50 and a food cost percentage of 30% is $0.75. In the second set of problems: Popularity Index for Item A is 26.67% and the adjusted portions forecast is 40, Popularity Index for BUDE is 34.96% and the adjusted portions forecast is 52, and Total forecasted sales with a forecasted number of customers of 150 is 92.
In the first set of problems, the missing values can be calculated as follows:
Food cost % = 40%, Portion cost = $2.50, Menu price = ($2.50 / 0.4) = $6.25
Food cost % = 30%, Portion cost = $2.85, Menu price = ($2.85 / 0.3) = $9.50
For the second set of problems, the missing values can be calculated as follows:
Popularity Index for Item A = (86 / 323) * 100 = 26.67%
Adjusted portions forecast for Item A = (26.67% * 150) / 100 = 40
Sales for Item A = 40
Popularity Index for BUDE = (113 / 323) * 100 = 34.96%
Adjusted portions forecast for BUDE = (34.96% * 150) / 100 = 52
Sales for BUDE = 52
Total forecasted sales = 40 + 52 = 92
Therefore, the predicted sales for each item, with a forecasted number of customers of 150, are 40 for Item A and 52 for BUDE, with a total forecasted sales of 92.
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the ____ interest rate approximately equals the ___ interest rate minus ____ . group of answer choices
real; nominal; the inflation rate
nominal; real; depreciation
nominal; real; the inflation rate
real; nominal; depreciation
The real interest rate approximately equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
The real interest rate is the interest rate that is adjusted for inflation. In other words, it is the rate of interest that a lender expects to earn after deducting the expected rate of inflation from the nominal interest rate. The nominal interest rate, on the other hand, is the rate of interest that is quoted by a lender or a borrower without taking into account the rate of inflation. Finally, the inflation rate is the rate at which the general price level of goods and services in an economy is rising.The formula for calculating the real interest rate is as follows:Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rateTherefore, the real interest rate approximately equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
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Here are comparative financial statement data for Waterway Company and Cynthia Company, two competitors. All data are as of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021. Waterway Company Cynthia Company 2022 2021 2022 2021 Net sales $1,800,000 $561,000 Cost of goods sold 1,090,800 297,330 Operating expenses 273,600 78,540 Interest expense 9,000 4,488 Income tax expense 54,000 6,732 Current assets 322,000 $310,600 82.900 $78,300 Plant assets (net) 520,500 500,900 139,200 125,100 Current liabilities 65,200 74,400 36.200 29.200 Long term liabilities 108,800 89,000 28,000 26,000 Common stock. $10 par 502.000 502,000 117,000 117,000 Retained earnings 166.500 146,100 40,900 31,200 Compute the 2022 return on assets and the return on common stockholders' equity ratios for both companies. (Round answers to 1d I decimal place, eg. 12.1%) Waterway Company Cynthia Company Return on assets 45.05 61.74 % Return on common stockholders' equity 117,34 55.73 % %
Waterway Company's return on assets for 2022 is 73.0%, while its return on common stockholders' equity is 74.2% and Cynthia Company's return on assets for 2022 is 135.3%, while its return on common stockholders' equity is 152.8%.
Return on assets and return on common stockholders' equity ratios for both Waterway Company and Cynthia Company are calculated below.
Waterway Company Cynthia Company Return on assets = Net Income/Average Total Assets
ROA=Net Income/Average Total Assets
ROA for Waterway Company= (1,800,000 − 1,090,800) − 273,600 − 9,000 − 54,000 / [ (520,500 + 500,900)/2 ]
ROA for Waterway Company = $372,700 / $510,700 = 73.0%
ROA for Cynthia Company = (561,000 − 297,330) − 78,540 − 4,488 − 6,732 / [(139,200 + 125,100)/2]ROA for Cynthia Company = $178,950 / $132,150 = 135.3%
Return on common stockholders' equity= Net income/Average Stockholders' Equity
ROE=Net Income/Average Common Stockholders' Equity
ROE for Waterway Company = ($1,800,000 − $1,090,800) − $273,600 − $9,000 − $54,000 / [(502,000 + 502,000)/2]
ROE for Waterway Company = $372,700 / $502,000
= 74.2%
ROE for Cynthia Company = ($561,000 − $297,330) − $78,540 − $4,488 − $6,732 / [(117,000 + 117,000)/2]
ROE for Cynthia Company = $178,950 / $117,000 = 152.8%
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Which of the following investment options is most valuable? Assume positive interest rate.
receiving $10,000 today
receiving $1,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made today
receiving $2,000 per year for five years beginning next year
receiving $5,000 today and $5,000 next year
We need to know the interest rate to tell
To determine the most valuable investment option, we need to find the present value of all the investment options. Present value refers to the current value of a future sum of money or cash flow stream, expressed in today's dollars, given a specified rate of return.
The higher the present value, the more valuable the investment option.
Option 1: Receiving $10,000 today
Present value = $10,000O
ption 2: Receiving $1,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made today
To determine the present value of this annuity, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PMT x [(1 - (1 / (1 + r)n)) / r], Where PMT is the payment per period, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods. Using the values given: PMT = $1,000, r = unknown, n = 10
Present value = $6,144
Option 3: Receiving $2,000 per year for five years beginning next year
We need to find the present value of this annuity using the same formula as in Option 2.
But since the payments start next year, we need to discount the present value by one year.
PMT = $2,000, r = unknown, n = 5
Present value = $8,407
Option 4: Receiving $5,000 today and $5,000 next year
To find the present value of this investment option, we need to find the present value of the two cash flows separately and then add them together.
Present value of $5,000 today = $5,000
Present value of $5,000 next year = $4,545.45 (discounted by one year at an unknown interest rate)
Total present value = $9,545.45
Conclusion: Based on the present value of all the investment options, the most valuable option is Option 3: Receiving $2,000 per year for five years beginning next year. Its present value of $8,407 is higher than all the other investment options. However, if the interest rate is higher, the other investment options may become more valuable.
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in a typical real estate transaction when does the title pass to the purchaser
The title in a typical real estate transaction passes to the purchaser upon the closing of the transaction.
The time when the title to real estate passes to the purchaser varies depending on the agreement reached between the parties in the sales contract.In a typical real estate transaction, the title to the property passes from the seller to the buyer at the closing. This is the final step in the home buying process where the seller transfers the property's legal ownership to the buyer.
The transfer of title is accomplished through a deed that is signed by the seller and delivered to the buyer at closing. This deed is a legal document that conveys the title of the property from the seller to the buyer, and once the buyer receives this document, they become the new legal owner of the property.Therefore, upon the completion of the sale transaction and the transfer of the deed to the buyer, the title to the property passes from the seller to the buyer.
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Sheridan Inc. sells a product for $76 per unit. The variable cost is $43 per unit, while fixed costs are $274,428. Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the break-even point if the selling price were increased to $85 per unit.
Break-even point and how to calculate it The break-even point is the level of sales where the company's revenue and costs are equal.
A company can cover all its expenses, and no profit or loss is made at the break-even point. In other words, a break-even point is the amount of units a company needs to sell to recover its expenses.Variable costs refer to costs that increase in proportion to the number of units produced. Direct materials, direct labor, and variable overheads are examples of variable costs.
A fixed cost, on the other hand, is a cost that does not change with the volume of output. Rent, property taxes, and equipment depreciation are examples of fixed costs. Now we will calculate the break-even point with the given data. Break-even point = Fixed Costs / (Selling Price per unit - Variable Costs per unit) The break-even point in sales units = 274428 / (76 - 43) = 6188.92 ≈ 6189 units
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Which of the following would not cause the supply curve to shift?
a. a change in the technology of production
b. a change in factor costs
c. a change in the price of the good
d. a change in suppliers' expectations of future prices
c. a change in the price of the good would not cause the supply curve to shift
Changes in the price of the good itself do not cause the supply curve to shift. Instead, they cause a movement along the supply curve, representing a change in the quantity supplied. When the price of a good increases, suppliers are generally willing to supply more of the good, resulting in a higher quantity supplied.
Conversely, when the price of a good decreases, suppliers are willing to supply less of the good, resulting in a lower quantity supplied. This movement along the supply curve is known as a change in quantity supplied and is caused by changes in the price of the good.
On the other hand, factors such as a change in the technology of production, a change in factor costs (e.g., wages, raw material prices), and a change in suppliers' expectations of future prices can all cause the entire supply curve to shift. These factors affect the costs, profitability, and incentives for suppliers to produce and supply a certain quantity of goods or services at various price levels. When these factors change, the entire supply relationship between price and quantity supplied changes, leading to a shift in the supply curve.
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This is the type of unemployment generated by the matching process between skills and jobs available: a Seasonal Unemployment b Natural Unemployment c Frictional Unemployment. d Structural Unemployment
The type of unemployment generated by the matching process between skills and jobs available is frictional unemployment.
Frictional unemployment refers to the temporary unemployment that occurs when individuals are in the process of transitioning between jobs or entering the labor market for the first time. It arises due to factors such as job search, skill mismatch, and the time it takes for individuals to find suitable employment opportunities. Frictional unemployment is considered a natural part of a dynamic labor market as it reflects the normal churn and mobility of workers. It is generally considered less concerning than other forms of unemployment, such as structural unemployment, which arises from long-term mismatches between the skills of workers and the available job opportunities.
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8. When we make monthly payments on a car or a house, the amount of the payment is a constant, but different fractions of this payment represent repayment of the principal and the interest. Also, the fraction allocated to each changes over the loan period. Using the terminology below, develop expressions for the principal and interest payments during year y
M = amount of mortgage p = monthly payment
R = nominal interest rate P = annual payment
r = R/12 = monthly interest rate Py = principal paid during year y
n = no. month for loan Iy = interest paid during year y
x = principal paid at end of 1st month
The principal payment is calculated using the formula Py = [x(1+r)^(12y) - p((1 + r)^(12y) - 1)/r] while the interest payment for year y can be determined using the formula Iy = P - Py where, P = annual payment = 12p. We can use these formulas to calculate the amount of principal and interest paid during year y of the mortgage.
When we make monthly payments on a car or a house, the amount of the payment is constant but different fractions of this payment represent repayment of the principal and interest.
Also, the fraction allocated to each changes over the loan period. Here are the expressions for the principal and interest payments during year y:
The formula for monthly payment M = p + p * [r/(1 - (1 + r)^(-12n))]
where,M = amount of mortgage, p = monthly payment, R = nominal interest rate, r = R/12 = monthly interest rate and n is the no. month for the loan.
Now, the annual payment P = 12p
Annual principal paid in year yPy = [x(1+r)^(12y) - p((1 + r)^(12y) - 1)/r]
Interest paid in year yIy = P - Py where, x = the principal paid at the end of the first month.Since it is a constant payment mortgage, every month's payment will have the same split between interest and principal, but the amount of interest paid will reduce every month because the balance is reducing every month.
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Discuss Ethical Followership is Essential to Effective
Leadership as it relate to Ethics
Ethical followership is essential to effective leadership as it relates to ethics because followers play an important role in promoting and upholding ethical standards within an organization. Ethical followers are those who are committed to the values and principles of ethical leadership and act in ways that align with those values and principles. In doing so, they not only help to prevent unethical behavior but also promote a positive and ethical culture within the organization.
Effective leadership requires that leaders not only have a strong moral compass but also be able to inspire and motivate their followers to act ethically. This can be challenging, especially in situations where ethical dilemmas are complex and difficult to resolve. However, when leaders model ethical behavior and are committed to promoting a culture of integrity, they create an environment that encourages ethical decision-making and behavior.
Followers who are ethical not only follow their leaders' examples but also hold their leaders accountable for their actions. They are willing to speak up when they observe unethical behavior and take action to prevent it from occurring. In doing so, they help to promote a culture of trust and respect within the organization, which is essential for effective leadership.
Overall, ethical followership is essential to effective leadership as it relates to ethics because it promotes a positive and ethical culture within the organization, encourages ethical decision-making and behavior, and helps to hold leaders accountable for their actions. By working together, leaders and followers can create an environment that values ethics and integrity and helps to promote the success of the organization as a whole.
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an investment offers $7,600 per year for 16 years, with the first payment occurring one year from now. assume the required return is 9 percent.
The final answer is approximately $77,604.13. This represents the present value of the investment, taking into account the cash flows of $7,600 per year for 16 years and a required return rate of 9%.
To calculate the present value of the investment, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value
C = Cash flow per period
r = Required return rate
n = Number of periods
In this case, the cash flow per period is $7,600, the required return rate is 9% (0.09 as a decimal), and the number of periods is 16 years.
Plugging in the values:
PV = 7,600 * [(1 - (1 + 0.09)^(-16)) / 0.09]
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the present value of the investment is approximately $77,604.13. This represents the current value of the investment, taking into account the future cash flows and the required return rate of 9%.
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Weather derivative payoffs can be based on each of the following variables except 1 temperature above and below a given level 2 inches of snowfall 3 total value of insurance claims 4 sunshine
Weather derivative payoffs can be based on each of the following variables except the total value of insurance claims. The correct answer is option (3).
A weather derivative is a contract between two parties that allows for a financial settlement based on a pre-defined weather index. The contract obligates the seller to make a payment to the buyer if specific weather conditions are met. The buyer purchases the contract to reduce the financial risks associated with weather-dependent investments or expenses.Insurance claims are not among the variables on which weather derivative payoffs can be based. Hence, the right answer is option (3).
The four variables that weather derivative payoffs can be based on are temperature above and below a given level, inches of snowfall, and sunshine.A weather derivative is a risk management tool used to reduce financial risks associated with weather fluctuations. By purchasing a weather derivative contract, companies can protect their earnings from weather-related losses. For example, an energy company can purchase a weather derivative contract to protect itself from financial losses associated with the amount of electricity that it sells in a particular area.
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There are nine building blocks in the business model canvas and they are customer value proposition, customer segments, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key partners, key activities, and cost structure.
Create a Business model canvas of an old age home/ facility. ( 200 words )
Business Model Canvas: Old Age Home/Facility
Customer Segments:
1. Elderly individuals require assisted living, healthcare, and support services.
2. Families seeking professional care and accommodation options for their elderly loved ones.
3. Insurance companies or government agencies providing coverage or subsidies for elderly care.
Customer Value Proposition:
1. High-quality and personalized care services tailored to the specific needs of elderly residents.
2. Safe and comfortable living environment with 24/7 assistance and support.
3. Comprehensive healthcare services, including medical supervision, medication management, and specialized treatments.
4. Social and recreational activities to promote mental and physical well-being.
5. Integration of technology for enhanced safety, communication, and convenience.
Channels:
1. Direct marketing and referrals from healthcare professionals, social workers, and retirement communities.
2. Online presence through a dedicated website, social media platforms, and online directories.
3. Partnerships with hospitals, clinics, and senior service agencies for collaborative care.
Customer Relationships:
1. Individualized care plans and regular communication with residents and their families to ensure their needs are met.
2. Compassionate and empathetic staff providing emotional support and fostering a sense of community.
3. Feedback mechanisms to continuously improve services based on residents' and families' input.
Revenue Streams:
1. Monthly fees paid by residents or their families for accommodation, care services, and amenities.
2. Government subsidies or insurance reimbursements for eligible residents.
3. Additional revenue from supplementary services such as rehabilitation therapies, specialized care programs, and wellness classes.
Key Resources:
1. Trained and experienced caregivers, nurses, and healthcare professionals.
2. Well-designed and equipped residential facilities with safety features and necessary amenities.
3. Collaborative partnerships with healthcare providers, suppliers, and community organizations.
Key Partners:
1. Healthcare providers for specialized medical services and consultations.
2. Suppliers of medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, and other necessary supplies.
3. Local community organizations for social engagement, volunteering, and integration initiatives.
Key Activities:
1. Providing personalized care plans and assistance in daily living activities.
2. Administering healthcare services, medication management, and therapy programs.
3. Creating a supportive and engaging environment through recreational activities, outings, and social events.
Cost Structure:
1. Personnel costs for staffing and training of caregivers, nurses, and support staff.
2. Facility costs, including rent, maintenance, utilities, and insurance.
3. Healthcare-related expenses, such as medication, medical equipment, and professional consultations.
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Cron Corporation is planning to issue bonds with a face value of $850,000 and a coupon rate of 13 percent. The bonds mature in five years and pay interest semiannually every June 30 and December 31. All of the bonds were sold on January 1 of this year. Cron uses the effective-interest amortization method. Assume an annual market rate of interest of 12 percent.
What was the issue price on January 1 of this year?
Bonds are issued at either par, discount, or premium to face value based on the market interest rate.
Therefore, the issue price of the bonds on January 1 of this year can be calculated as follows:
First, calculate the present value factor for the bond using the formula: PVIFA = [1 - (1 + r/n)-nt]/(r/n)
Where r is the annual market rate of interest, n is the number of times interest is paid in a year, and t is the number of years to maturity.
For this bond, r = 12%/2 = 6%, n = 2, and t = 5 years. PVIFA = [1 - (1 + 6%/2)-2*5]/(6%/2)
PVIFA = 7.4698 Then, calculate the present value of the bond using the formula:
PV = FV × PVIFA Where FV is the face value of the bond.
PV = $850,000 × 7.4698 PV = $6,348,230 Finally,
divide the present value of the bond by the number of bonds issued to get the issue price per bond:$6,348,230 ÷ 850 = $7,466.15
Therefore, the issue price of the bonds on January 1 of this year is $7,466.15.
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Find the equilibrium income, consumption and investment for the national income model below. Y=C+I+G C = 161 +0.26Y I=0.18Y where Y, C, I, and G are, respectively, national income, consumption, investment and government expenditure. Government expenditure is set at an exogenous level of N$799
The equilibrium income is N$287.5, the equilibrium consumption is N$51.75, and the equilibrium investment is N$51.75.
The equilibrium income, consumption and investment for the given national income model is calculated as follows:
Given: Y=C+I+G C = 161 +0.26Y I=0.18Y
G = N$799
Where,
Y = National income,
C = Consumption,
I = Investment,
and G = Government expenditure
Substitute the given value of G in the equation of national income,
Y = C + I + G, we get;Y = C + I + N$799
Putting the value of C and I,
we get;
Y = (161 + 0.26Y) + 0.18YY
= 161 + 0.26Y + 0.18YY - 0.26Y - 0.18Y
= 161Y - 0.44Y
= 161Y (1 - 0.44) = 161Y
= 161/0.56
= N$287.5
The equilibrium income is N$287.5
Now, to calculate consumption and investment at equilibrium income, substitute the value of Y in the equations of C and I.C = 161 + 0.26Y = 161 + 0.26(N$287.5)C = N$235.25
Hence, the equilibrium consumption is N$235.25.I = 0.18Y = 0.18(N$287.5)I = N$51.75
Therefore, the equilibrium investment is N$51.75.
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if the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price for good y, then the demand for good y is group of answer choices inelastic. unit elastic. elastic. perfectly elastic.
If the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price for good Y, it indicates that the demand for good Y is inelastic.
What is Inelastic Demand?If the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price for good Y, it indicates that the demand for good Y is inelastic.
This means that the quantity demanded is not very responsive to changes in price. Even if the price increases or decreases, the demand for good Y remains relatively stable, indicating a less elastic demand curve.
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Interview any small business Owner. Find out
1. The background of the owner and the business.
2. The motivation of the owner.
3. The challenges faced and how he/she is dealing with it.
4. Sources of funding.
Interview any small business Owner. Find out the challenges faced and how he/she is dealing with them. The correct option is 3.
Competition from larger companies and well-known brands in the market has been one of the major problems for business owners. To combat this, I have concentrated on providing distinctive and customized goods that cater to specific preferences. To reach a larger audience, I have also tried to establish a solid online presence through social media and an approachable website.
Effective time management and day-to-day operations management have been additional challenges. I have addressed this by putting in place effective methods and procedures, including streamlining order administration, recruiting more personnel to help with production, and assigning duties. This enables me to concentrate on other business areas, such as marketing and customer relations.
Thus, the ideal selection is option 3.
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Lodging Inc. estimates that if its sales increase 10.00% then its net income will increase 23-50%. The company's EBIT equals $3.0 million, and its interest expense is $1,000,000. The company's operating costs include fixed and variable costs. What is the level of the company's fixed operating costs? Do not round intermediate calculations. a. $3,050,000 6. 51,700,000 O c. $700,000 O d. $1,500,000 e. $2,700,000
Given: EBIT = $3.0 million Interest expense = $1,000,000Let's determine the operating costs of the company. Step 1: Calculate the percentage change in net income if the sales increase by 10%The percentage change in net income = (23.50% - 1)/(10.00%)Percentage change in net income = 22.50%
Step 2: Determine the increase in net income Increase in net income = EBIT × percentage change in net income Increase in net income = $3.0 million × 22.50%Increase in net income = $0.675 million Step 3: Calculate the operating costs of the company Operating income = EBIT - Interest expense Operating income = $3.0 million - $1,000,000Operating income = $2,000,000 Contribution margin = Percentage increase in net income/ Percentage increase in sales Contribution margin = 22.50% / 10.00% Contribution margin = 2.25Fixed costs = Operating income / Contribution margin Fixed costs = $2,000,000 / 2.25Fixed costs = $0.89 million or $890,000Hence, the level of the company's fixed operating costs is $0.89 million or $890,000.
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Question 1
Briefly explain the difference between inventory models and
information-based models in market microstructure theory.
The difference between inventory models and information-based models in market microstructure theory lies in their focus and underlying assumptions.
Inventory models in market microstructure theory primarily focus on analyzing the dynamics of inventory holdings and order flows in financial markets. These models seek to understand how market participants manage their inventories of assets or securities and how these inventories impact market liquidity, price formation, and trading costs. Inventory models often assume that market participants trade to manage their inventory levels and liquidity needs, and they study the effects of inventory behavior on market outcomes.
On the other hand, information-based models in market microstructure theory concentrate on the role of information in financial markets. These models examine how information is incorporated into prices, how it affects trading strategies and decisions, and how it influences market participants' behavior. Information-based models explore the impact of different information structures, such as public information, private information, and asymmetric information, on market efficiency, price discovery, and market participants' welfare.
While inventory models primarily focus on the mechanics of trading and inventory management, information-based models delve into the effects of information dissemination and processing on market outcomes. Both types of models contribute to understanding the complexities of market microstructure but emphasize different aspects of market dynamics.
Inventory models and information-based models represent two different perspectives within market microstructure theory. Inventory models analyze the impact of inventory behavior on market liquidity and trading costs, while information-based models explore the role of information in price formation and trading strategies. Understanding these distinctions can provide insights into the diverse factors that influence financial markets and help researchers and practitioners develop a more comprehensive understanding of market microstructure.
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Problems And Applications Q2 Indicate What Happens To The Unemployment Rate And The Labor-Force Participation Rate In Each Of The Following Scenarios. Scenario Effect On... Unemployment Rate / Labor-Force Participation Rate Increases/Stays The Same/ Decreases . Increases/Stays The Same/
2. Problems and Applications Q2 Indicate what happens to the unemployment rate and the labor-force participation rate in each of the following scenarios.
Scenario Effect On...
Unemployment Rate / Labor-Force Participation Rate increases/stays the same/ decreases . increases/stays the same/ decreases
Yakov, a full-time college student, graduates and is immediately employed. Unemployment Rate _______________ Labor-Force Participation Rate ________________
Ana is on maternity leave and will resume working in two months. Unemployment Rate _______________ Labor-Force Participation Rate ________________
Charles has a birthday, becomes an adult, but has no interest in working. Unemployment Rate _______________ Labor-Force Participation Rate ________________
Gilberto, a construction worker, dies in an accident at work. Unemployment Rate _______________ Labor-Force Participation Rate ________________
Yakov, a full-time college student, graduates and is immediately employed. Unemployment Rate decreases Labor-Force Participation Rate increases
Ana is on maternity leave and will resume working in two months. Unemployment Rate stay the same Labor-Force Participation Rate stay the same
Charles has a birthday, becomes an adult, but has no interest in working. Unemployment Rate stay the same Labor-Force Participation Rate decreases
Gilberto, a construction worker, dies in an accident at work. Unemployment Rate stay the same Labor-Force Participation Rate decreases
Unemployment RateIt is an important economic indicator as it reflects the level of joblessness within an economy and can provide insights into its overall economic performance and labor market conditions. Unemployment rate is the measurement used to indicate the proportion of labour force without job and actively searching for jobs.
To calculate the unemployment rate, the number of unemployed is divided by the total number of labour force and multiplied by 100. However, the formula to calculate the unemployment rate may changed based on the country or organization.
Labour Force Participation RateLabour Force Participation Rate is the measurement that refers to the percentage of adult or working age population who are employed or seeking employment. That is, it is the percentage of population of people above 15 years who are working and those actively searching for jobs. The labor force includes both employed individuals and those who are unemployed but actively seeking employment.
Labour Force Participation Rate is used to indicate the overall health of the labour force
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Your portfolio consists of 90 shares of CSH and 75 shares of EJH, which you just bought at $18 and $31 per share, respectively. a. What fraction of your portfolio is invested in CSH? In EJH? b. If CSH increases to $22 and EJH decreases to $27, what is the return on your portfolio?
If your portfolio consists of 90 shares of CSH and 75 shares of EJH.
a. 41.08% of your portfolio is invested in CSH and 58.92% is invested in EJH.
b. The return on your portfolio is approximately 1.52%.
What is the portfolio?a. Portfolio
CSH:
Total value of CSH = Number of shares × Price per share
Total value of CSH = 90 × $18
Total value of CSH = $1,620
EJH:
Total value of EJH = Number of shares × Price per share
Total value of EJH = 75 × $31
Total value of EJH = $2,325
Total portfolio value = Total value of CSH + Total value of EJH
Total portfolio value = $1,620 + $2,325
Total portfolio value = $3,945
Fraction invested in CSH = Total value of CSH / Total portfolio value
Fraction invested in CSH = $1,620 / $3,945
Fraction invested in CSH = 41.08%
Fraction invested in EJH = Total value of EJH / Total portfolio value
Fraction invested in EJH = $2,325 / $3,945
Fraction invested in EJH = 58.92%
Therefore 41.08% of your portfolio is invested in CSH and 58.92% is invested in EJH.
b. Return
Initial portfolio value = Total value of CSH + Total value of EJH
= $1,620 + $2,325
= $3,945
New value of CSH = Number of shares × New price per share
= 90 × $22
= $1,980
New value of EJH = Number of shares × New price per share
= 75 × $27
= $2,025
New portfolio value = New value of CSH + New value of EJH
= $1,980 + $2,025
= $4,005
Change in portfolio value = New portfolio value - Initial portfolio value
= $4,005 - $3,945
= $60
Return on portfolio = Change in portfolio value / Initial portfolio value
= $60 / $3,945
= 1.52%
Therefore the return on your portfolio is approximately 1.52%.
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