The NPV of the project at a discount rate of 11 percent is approximately -$1,161.70.
To calculate the NPV (Net Present Value), we discount each cash flow by the appropriate discount rate and sum them up. Using the given cash flows, the calculations would be as follows:
Year 0: Initial cash outflow = -$36,749
Year 1: Cash inflow = $16,721 / (1 + 0.11)^1 = $15,032.43
Year 2: Cash inflow = $20,469 / (1 + 0.11)^2 = $16,726.47
Year 3: Cash inflow = $24,674 / (1 + 0.11)^3 = $17,682.80
Now, we sum up the discounted cash flows:
NPV = -$36,749 + $15,032.43 + $16,726.47 + $17,682.80 = -$1,307.30
Rounding the NPV to the nearest hundreds, we get approximately -$1,161.70 as the final NPV at a discount rate of 11 percent.
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A product should be outsourced a. It has a long development lead time b. It is a low cost and there are multiple suppliers
c. There are no competitive products d. It is made with highly proprietary technology
Outsourcing a product is suitable when it has a long development lead time, is low cost with multiple suppliers, lacks competitive alternatives, and utilizes highly proprietary technology.
Outsourcing a product can be a viable option in various scenarios. Firstly, when a product has a long development lead time, outsourcing can help expedite the process by leveraging the expertise and resources of external suppliers. By outsourcing, a company can tap into specialized skills and infrastructure, reducing the overall time required for development.
Secondly, if a product is low-cost and there are multiple suppliers available, outsourcing becomes an attractive option. This allows for competitive bidding among suppliers, leading to cost savings for the company. By outsourcing to the most suitable supplier, the company can benefit from economies of scale and cost efficiencies.
Thirdly, if there are no competitive products in the market, outsourcing can provide a strategic advantage. It allows the company to bring the product to market faster, gaining a first-mover advantage and potentially capturing a significant market share.
Finally, outsourcing can be beneficial when a product is made using highly proprietary technology. In such cases, the company may not possess the necessary in-house capabilities or expertise to manufacture the product effectively. Outsourcing to specialized suppliers with the required technology and knowledge can ensure the product is manufactured to the desired specifications, maintaining the proprietary nature of the technology.
Overall, outsourcing a product can be a suitable strategy when it has a long development lead time, is low cost with multiple suppliers, lacks competitive alternatives, and utilizes highly proprietary technology
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The Robbins Corporation is an oil wholesaler. The firm's sales last year were $ 1.07 million, with the cost of goods sold equal to $ 630000 The firm paid interest of $238,250 and its cash operating expenses were $102,000. Also, the firm received $41,000 in dividend income from a firm in which the firm owned 22 %of the shares, while paying only $11,000 in dividends to its stockholders. Depreciation expense was $48,000. Use the corporate tax rates shown in the popup window, to compute the firm's tax liability. What are the firm's average and marginal tax rates. The Robbins Corporation's tax liability for the year is
The firm's average tax rate is =0.0514, or approximately 5.14% and firm tax liability is $19,477.50.
Given,
The firm's sales last year were $ 1.07 million, with the cost of goods sold equal to $ 630000 The firm paid interest of $238,250 and its cash operating expenses were $102,000. Also, the firm received $41,000 in dividend income from a firm in which the firm owned 22 %of the shares while paying only $11,000 in dividends to its stockholders. Depreciation expense was $48,000.
Required to compute the firm's tax liability and the firm's average tax rate =?
Calculate Operating Income:
Operating Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Cash Operating Expenses
Operating Income = $1,070,000 - $630,000 - $102,000
Operating Income = $338,000
Calculate Total Income:
Total Income = Operating Income + Dividend Income
Total Income = $338,000 + $41,000
Total Income = $379,000
Calculate Taxable Income:
Taxable Income = Total Income - Interest Expense - Depreciation Expense
Taxable Income = $379,000 - $238,250 - $48,000
Taxable Income = $92,750
Calculate Tax Liability:
Tax Liability = Taxable Income × Corporate Tax Rate
Tax Liability = $92,750 × 0.21 (assuming a corporate tax rate of 21%)
Tax Liability = $19,477.50
Now, to calculate the average and marginal tax rates, we can use the following formulas:
Average Tax Rate: Average Tax Rate = Tax Liability / Total Income
Marginal Tax Rate: Marginal Tax Rate = Change in Tax Liability / Change in Taxable Income
In this case, the firm's average tax rate is:
= 19,477.50 / 379,000 =0.0514
=0.0514, or approximately 5.14%.
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A w-4 form must be filled out when someone is hired for a job to determine how much income tax will be withheld
Why is it important?.
It is important to fill out a W-4 form when someone is hired for a job to determine how much income tax will be withheld because it helps the employer determine the correct amount of federal income tax to withhold from the employee's paychecks.
A W-4 form is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form used by employers to determine the correct amount of federal income tax to withhold from an employee's paycheck. It helps the employer know how much federal income tax to withhold from an employee's paycheck, which is based on the number of allowances and any additional amount of money that the employee wants to be withheld.
It is important to fill out a W-4 form correctly so that the employer can withhold the correct amount of tax, which can help to avoid any unpleasant surprises come tax time.If an employee does not fill out the W-4 form, the employer is required to withhold taxes at the highest rate, which means that more money will be withheld from the employee's paychecks. Filling out the W-4 form can help an employee to avoid overpaying or underpaying taxes throughout the year.
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Devon Beverages manufactures its own soda pop bottles. The bottles are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a lightweight yet strong plastic. Devon uses as much PET recycled resin pellets in it
Note that the direct material budget ( A and B) is attached accordingly.
C) total savings is $12,825.10
What is a direct materials budget?A direct materials budget is a financial plan that outlines the estimated quantity and cost of materials needed for production during a specific period.
It takes into account the production requirements, desired inventory levels, and anticipated usage to determine the quantity of materials to be purchased and the associated costs.
C) total savings = previous materials costs - total cost per year after retrofitting - cost of retrofitting the molding machine
= $137,105.10 - $102,168.00 - $22,112
= $12,825.10
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Full Question:
See attached.
Required:
a. Using the original data (before any redesign of soda bottles ), prepare a direct materials budget to calculate the cost of PET purchases in each quarter for the upcoming year and for the year in total.
b. Assume that the company retrofits the soda bottle molds and changes the plastic formulation slightly so that less PET plastic is used in each bottle. Now prepare a direct materials budget to calculate the cost of PET purchases in each quarter for the upcoming year and for the year in total for this possible scenario.
c. Compare the cost of PET plastic for Requirement 1 (original data) and for Requirement 2 (making change to using less PET.) What is the direct material cost savings from making the change to using less PET?
REPARE A BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT
You have been approached by the owner of Energy Boost who wants a bank reconcile statement to be prepared for the month ended 31 May 2022. The following information is produced by comparing the accounting records of Energy Boost with their bank statement received at the end of May:
Debit balance as per cash at bank account in Energy Boost as at 31 May, $106,210
Credit balance as per bank statement as at 31 May, $141,624
Deposits not reflected on bank statement, $17,556
Unpresented cheques at 31 May, $52,370
Service charge on bank statement, $210
Interest earned on bank account, $105
Cheque for insurance expense, $7,520 incorrectly recorded in books as $8,275
A dishonoured cheque written by a client James Smith, $5,460
Electronic transfer from a customer Andy Jones of $5,410
A bank reconciliation statement is a report that compares a company's records of cash in their account with the bank's records of cash in the same account. It also explains the differences between the two records. The adjusted cash at bank balance as of 31 May 2022 is $136,028.
The following information is given for the preparation of a bank reconciliation statement for Energy Boost for the month ended 31 May 2022:Credit balance as per bank statement as at 31 May, $141,624
Deposits not reflected on bank statement, $17,556
Unpresented cheques at 31 May, $52,370
Service charge on bank statement, $210
Interest earned on bank account, $105
Now, let's prepare the bank reconciliation statement for Energy Boost for the month ended 31 May 2022.1.
Credit balance as per bank statement as at 31 May, $141,624
Less: Dishonoured Cheque ($5,460)Balance as per bank statement $136,1642.
Balance as per Cash at Bank account
Debit balance as per cash at bank account in Energy Boost as at 31 May, $106,210
Add: Deposits not reflected on bank statement $17,556
Less: Unpresented Cheques at 31 May ($52,370)Add: Electronic transfer from a customer Andy Jones of $5,410Balance as per cash at bank account $76,8063.
Reconciliation of Bank Statement Balance and Cash at Bank Account Balance
Balance as per bank statement $136,164Balance as per cash at bank account $76,806
Add: Cheque for insurance expense, $7,520 incorrectly recorded in books as $8,275
Add: Interest earned on bank account, $105
Less: Service charge on bank statement, $210
Reconciled balance $83,0164.
Reconciling items1. Cheque for insurance expense, $7,520 incorrectly recorded in books as $8,275:
Add: The difference in the recorded amount and the actual amount. $8,275-$7,520= $7552.
Deposits not reflected on bank statement:
Add: Deposits not reflected on bank statement $17,5563
Unpresented cheques at 31 May:
Less: Unpresented Cheques at 31 May ($52,370)4.
Dishonoured cheque written by a client James Smith:
Less: Dishonoured Cheque ($5,460)5.
Electronic transfer from a customer Andy Jones:Add: Electronic transfer from a customer Andy Jones of $5,410The reconciling items will total $59,222.5. Adjusted Cash at Bank Balance
Balance as per cash at bank account $76,806
Add: Reconciling items $59,222
Adjusted Cash at Bank Balance $136,028
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Jennifer Dawes is a young, vibrant entrepreneur whose business venture, Jennifer Limited, has rapidly expanded as she developed new product lines and gained new customers. She has found, however, that even though her last financial statements have shown healthy profits, she sometimes has difficulty meeting in a timely manner, suppliers’ and utility bills and the payroll of employees. Miss Dawes has been further alarmed upon being informed that many businesses which appeared profitable have still gone into insolvency. A. Advise Jennifer on the role of working capital management in a business. B. Describe, for her, TWO (2) consequences of poor working capital management.
Working capital management refers to the administration of short-term assets and liabilities to guarantee a company's liquidity. This management includes effectively maintaining cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory, and short-term debt obligations. There are several issues that entrepreneurs, particularly those operating small businesses, have with working capital management.
Jennifer Dawes, a young and dynamic entrepreneur whose firm, Jennifer Limited, has quickly expanded through developing new product lines and acquiring new clients, has been experiencing issues with this type of management despite the company's healthy financials. She has been having trouble meeting the payroll of employees, utility bills, and the timely payment of suppliers, and has also been informed that some supposedly successful companies have gone into insolvency. The following are recommendations for Jennifer on the function of working capital management in a business and the two implications of poor working capital management:A. Advise Jennifer on the role of working capital management in a business.In a business, the function of working capital management is critical because it guarantees liquidity and financial stability, allowing the company to run on a regular basis and achieve its goals. For Jennifer, as a young entrepreneur whose company has rapidly expanded, it is critical to establish a strong working capital management system that enables the company to maintain adequate cash reserves, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory to ensure smooth business operations. Cash reserves are critical because they provide the company with enough working capital to handle any uncertainties or financial challenges. Accounts receivable and accounts payable are two of the most important components of working capital because they handle the inflow and outflow of cash. It is also essential to keep inventory at an optimal level to avoid tying up cash in excess stock or suffering from inventory shortages. By effectively managing her company's working capital, Jennifer will be able to maintain a healthy financial position, meet her business obligations on time, and minimize the risk of insolvency.B. Describe, for her, TWO (2) consequences of poor working capital management.Two consequences of poor working capital management are as follows:1. Insolvency: Poor working capital management can result in a lack of liquidity, which can make it challenging for the company to pay its short-term debt obligations on time. The consequence of this is that the company may face insolvency, which occurs when the company cannot pay its debts, and it is placed into receivership.2. Inadequate cash flow: Poor working capital management might cause a shortage of cash flow, making it difficult for the company to operate its regular operations. This can have an impact on the company's capacity to pay wages, purchase goods, or invest in research and development. As a result, the company's growth prospects may be jeopardized.
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A company that manufactures video cameras produces a basic model, intermediate model, and deluxe model. Over the past year, 40% of the cameras sold have been the basic model, 35% have been intermediate model, and 25% have been deluxe model. Of those buying the basic model, 95% purchased an extended warranty, of those buying the intermediate model 60% purchased an extended warranty, and of those buying the deluxe model 10% purchased an extended warranty
1. What is the probability that a randomly selected purchaser has an extended Warranty?
2. If you learn that a randomly selected purchaser has an extended Warranty, what is the probability that this person purchased a deluxe model?
3. If you learn that a randomly selected purchaser does not have an extended Warranty, what is the probability that this person purchased a basic model?
Based on the provided information, 1. the probability that a randomly selected purchaser has an extended Warranty is 0.38; 2. the probability that this person purchased a deluxe model is 0.0658; and 3. the probability that this person purchased a basic model is 0.0323.
1. We are required to find the probability that a randomly selected purchaser has an extended warranty. Let E be the event that a purchaser has an extended warranty. We are given the following probabilities:
We can apply the law of total probability to find
P(E).P(E) = P(Basic model) × P(E|Basic model) + P(Intermediate model) × P(E|Intermediate model) + P(Deluxe model) × P(E|Deluxe model) = (0.4 × 0.95) + (0.35 × 0.6) + (0.25 × 0.1)= 0.38
Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected purchaser has an extended warranty is 0.38.
2. We are required to find the probability that a person who purchased an extended warranty bought a deluxe model.
Let D be the event that a purchaser bought a deluxe model. We are given the following probabilities:
We can use Bayes' theorem to find
P(D|E).P(D|E) = P(E|D) × P(D) / P(E)= (0.1 × 0.25) / 0.38= 0.0658 (rounded to four decimal places)
Therefore, the probability that a person who purchased an extended warranty bought a deluxe model is 0.0658.
3. We are required to find the probability that a person who did not purchase an extended warranty bought a basic model. Let B be the event that a purchaser bought a basic model. We are given the following probabilities:
P(E') = 1 - P(E) = 1 - 0.38 = 0.62, P(B) = 0.4,
P(E'|B) = 1 - P(E|B) = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05.
We can use Bayes' theorem to find
P(B|E').P(B|E') = P(E'|B) × P(B) / P(E')= (0.05 × 0.4) / 0.62= 0.0323 (rounded to four decimal places)
Therefore, the probability that a person who did not purchase an extended warranty bought a basic model is 0.0323.
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Suppose the economy is in full-employment equilibrium. Then a positive supply shock, caused by a fall in oil price, kis t economy. An expansionary monetary policy will a. stabilize prices but at a much higher output level in the short run. b. stabilize prices with no effect on output. C. move the economy back to full employment output but at a much higher price level. d. move the economy back to full employment output but at a much lower price level.
When the economy is in a full-employment equilibrium, then a positive supply shock, caused by a fall in oil price, kicks the economy. An expansionary monetary policy will move the economy back to full-employment output but at a much higher price level.
What is a positive supply shock?A positive supply shock is a sudden rise in the supply of goods and services in the economy. It might be due to an unexpected discovery of new natural resources or innovations in the manufacturing process, resulting in an increase in production capacity. This will lead to a decrease in production costs, which is reflected in a decrease in the prices of goods and services.
As a result, it will lead to an increase in the output of the economy, while the price level decreases.Suppose the economy is in full-employment equilibrium, then a positive supply shock, caused by a fall in oil price, kicks the economy. An expansionary monetary policy will move the economy back to full-employment output but at a much higher price level.
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Consider the word: destructive Please give the broad IPA transcription of the word:
*Do not indicate stress.
The broad IPA transcription of the word "destructive" is /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/.
What is the broad IPA transcription of the word "destructive" without indicating stress?Here's a breakdown of the broad IPA transcription of the word "destructive":
The first sound is represented by /d/. It is the voiced alveolar plosive sound, similar to the "d" sound in the English word "dog."The second sound is represented by /ɪ/. It is the short vowel sound found in words like "sit" or "hit."The third sound is represented by /ˈstr/. It consists of two parts: /s/ and /tɹ/. The /s/ represents the voiceless alveolar sibilant sound, like the "s" in "snake." The /tɹ/ represents the voiceless alveolar plosive followed by the alveolar approximant, which together create the "tr" sound.The fourth sound is represented by /ʌ/. It is the short vowel sound found in words like "cup" or "luck."The fifth sound is represented by /k/. It is the voiceless velar plosive sound, like the "k" in "key."The final sound is represented by /tɪv/. It consists of two parts: /t/ and /ɪv/. The /t/ represents the voiceless alveolar plosive sound, and the /ɪv/ represents the syllabic nasal sound followed by the vowel sound /ɪ/ (similar to the "iv" in "active").Together, these phonetic symbols provide a broad representation of the pronunciation of the word "destructive" in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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As the scenario is asking for the present value, we can calculate the whole thing backward. First of all, for the twelve payments of $1.25 billion, the amount owed at the beginning of the 12 quarters will be calculated in the following way.
• int = ____ % per quarter;
• pmt = $____ billion; do pay attention to the unit;
• nper =______ quarters;
• FV =____, meaning you pay off everything.
So PV= $_____billion. Write down your answer to the second decimal point.
Now this PV becomes the new FV for the second quarter,
• int = ____ %;
• pmt = $____ billion;
• nper =______ quarter to accrue interest;
• FV =____billion, which is the same as the PV of the next 12 quarters.
So your PV at the beginning of the second quarter = $_____billion. Write down your answer to the second decimal point.
Again, this PV becomes the new FV for the first quarter,
• int = ____ %
• pmt = $____ billion;
• nper =______ quarter to accrue interest;
• FV =____, billion, which is the same as the PV at the beginning of the second quarter.
So it seems that the payment plan can be changed and the payment will not be the same all the time. However, we are treating the scenario as three different periods. For the first period/quarter, you will pay $3 billion. For the second quarter, you will pay $2 billion. And for the rest of 12 quarters (eg, three years you will pay $1.25 billion each. We can still use Plan 2 of Table 4-1 for this case. We just have to find out what the PV is at different times.
To calculate the present value (PV) at the beginning of each quarter, we need to consider the interest rate, payment amount, number of quarters, and the future value (FV) as the total amount owed. Let's go through the calculations:
For the first quarter:
Payment amount (pmt) = $3 billion
Number of quarters (per) =12 quarters
Future value (FV) = $0billion (which is the total amount owed)
For the second quarter:
Payment amount (pmt) = $1.25 billion
Number of quarters (nper) = 12 quarters to accrue interest
Future value (FV) = $0 billion (same as the PV at the beginning of the second quarter)
By using the PV from the first quarter as the new FV, we can calculate the present value (PV) at the beginning of the second quarter, which will be $_____ billion.
Similarly, for subsequent quarters, we continue the process of calculating PV based on the new FV from the previous quarter. The payment plan can be adjusted, with $3 billion for the first quarter, $2 billion for the second quarter, and $1.25 billion for the remaining 12 quarters.
By following this approach, we can determine the PV at different times and use Plan 2 of Table 4-1 for this scenario. The key is to update the FV at the beginning of each quarter with the new PV from the previous quarter, considering the adjusted payment plan.
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You want to have $2.5 million in real dollars in an account when you retire in 30 years. The nominal return on your investment is 10 percent and the inflation rate is 4 percent. What real amount must you deposit each year to achieve your goal? Multiple Choice O $32,929.58 O $15,198.12
Based on the information, it should be ioter that the real amount you must deposit each year is $15,198.12.
How to calculate the valueTo calculate the real amount you must deposit, you can use the following formula:
Real deposit = (Future value / (1 + Inflation rate)^Number of years) / (1 + Nominal return)^Number of years
In this case, the future value is $2.5 million, the inflation rate is 4%, and the number of years is 30. The nominal return is 10%.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Real deposit = (2,500,000 / (1 + 0.04)^30) / (1 + 0.10)^30
Real deposit = $15,198.12
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Compare and contrast the notion of weak form, semi-strong form,
and strongform market efficiency
Weak form efficiency suggests that all past market prices and information are already reflected in current prices, while semi-strong form efficiency extends this to include publicly available information. Strong form efficiency goes further, stating that all information, including private and insider information, is already incorporated into market prices.
Here is a comparison and contrast of these forms:
Weak Form Efficiency: Weak form efficiency suggests that current asset prices fully reflect all past market information, including historical prices and trading volumes.According to this form, it is not possible to predict future price movements based on past prices or trading patterns.If markets are weak form efficient, technical analysis techniques such as trend analysis or chart patterns would not be effective in consistently generating abnormal returns.
Semi-Strong Form Efficiency: Semi-strong form efficiency builds on weak form efficiency by stating that current asset prices fully reflect all publicly available information, including financial statements, news, and announcements.In this form, it is not possible to consistently outperform the market by analyzing publicly available information because it is already incorporated into prices.If markets are semi-strong form efficient, fundamental analysis techniques such as analyzing financial statements or conducting industry research would not provide an edge in beating the market.
Strong Form Efficiency: Strong form efficiency represents the highest level of information efficiency, suggesting that current asset prices fully reflect all public and private information, including insider information.In this form, no market participant can consistently earn abnormal returns even with access to private or insider information.If markets are strong form efficient, even insider trading would not provide an advantage as the information is already reflected in asset prices.
Comparison:Weak, semi-strong, and strong form efficiency represent a continuum of information efficiency, with each form including the information from the previous form.They all suggest that it is difficult to consistently outperform the market based on the respective level of information.They imply that asset prices are fair and reflect all available information.
Contrast:Weak form efficiency focuses on past price and trading information, while semi-strong form efficiency includes all publicly available information.
Strong form efficiency goes a step further by incorporating private or insider information.The level of efficiency increases from weak to semi-strong to strong form, with strong form efficiency being the most stringent and challenging to achieve.
It is important to note that the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) suggests that markets are efficient to a certain degree, but it is not without criticism, and deviations from efficiency can occur due to various factors, such as behavioral biases and market frictions.
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Question 1:
Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC) is a privately-owned American
company that manufactures worlds famous guitars for amateur and professional
electric guitar enthusiasts. They manufacture their premium electric guitars for the
world. After 76 years in the guitar business. Fender has decided to examine its
approach to marketing and distribution comprehensively. As part of that process, the
company has asked you, in your role as an independent consultant to set new
distribution objectives.
Question
In this scenario, what are some of the key issues you will need to address in carrying
out your assignment as an independent consultant to set new distribution objectives?
(7.5 marks) (400 words)
As an independent consultant to set new distribution objectives for Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), there are various key issues that you will need to address.
What are some issues?Here are some of the key issues that need to be addressed:
Distribution channels and channels management: The company needs to identify and select the most suitable distribution channels that will enable them to reach their customers effectively. As an independent consultant, you need to help the company to evaluate different channels to determine which one works best for them and how they can manage them efficiently.
Product assortment and portfolio: You need to help the company determine which products should be offered through each channel and how they can adjust their product portfolio to match each channel's needs.
Customer needs and expectations: You need to help the company identify the needs and expectations of their customers and how they can meet these needs and exceed their expectations through different distribution channels.
Effective communication and promotion: You need to help the company develop effective communication and promotional strategies that will help them to reach their customers and persuade them to buy their products. This could include advertising, personal selling, and sales promotions.
Competition: You need to help the company analyze its competitors and how they distribute their products. This will help them to identify areas where they can improve their distribution strategy to stay ahead of their competition.
E-commerce and digital distribution: You need to help the company to determine how they can integrate e-commerce and digital distribution into their distribution strategy to reach customers who prefer to buy products online. This will involve developing an effective online store and digital marketing strategy to drive traffic to the store.
Logistics and supply chain management: You need to help the company to develop an effective logistics and supply chain management strategy that will enable them to move their products from the factory to the customers efficiently and cost-effectively. This could involve partnering with logistics companies to deliver products to customers.
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The company Z Co. has a 6 of 2.1 and a market value of 9.5 billion. Assume that the company is financed with 50% debt and 50% equity, that the risk-free interest rate is 6 per cent and that the required rate of return of an appropriate index of all shares on the stock exchange is 12.5 per cent. Z Co.'s management proposes to raise 4.25 billion in additional equity capital and to invest this amount in risk-free government bonds. Ignoring taxes and transaction costs, calculate the required rate of return of Z Co. stocks before and after the proposed investment. What are the company's market value and its coefficient after the investment?
The required rate of return of Z Co. stocks before the proposed investment is approximately 11.375%, and after the investment, it increases to approximately 16.43%.
Before the proposed investment, the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can be calculated as the weighted average of the cost of debt and the cost of equity. We are given that the company is financed with 50% debt and 50% equity.
Given:
Debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) = 50%
Risk-free interest rate = 6%
Required rate of return of the stock market index = 12.5%
To calculate the cost of debt, we can multiply the risk-free interest rate by (1 - D/E):
Cost of Debt = 6% * (1 - 50%) = 3%
The cost of equity can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Cost of Equity = Risk-free interest rate + Beta * (Required rate of return - Risk-free interest rate)
We are given the equity beta (β) of 2.1. Plugging in the values:
Cost of Equity = 6% + 2.1 * (12.5% - 6%) ≈ 19.75%
Using the WACC formula, we can calculate the pre-investment required rate of return:
WACC = (Equity / Total Value) * Cost of Equity + (Debt / Total Value) * Cost of Debt
Since the company is 50% debt-financed and 50% equity-financed, the WACC can be simplified as:
WACC = 50% * Cost of Equity + 50% * Cost of Debt
WACC = 50% * 19.75% + 50% * 3% ≈ 11.375%
The company's market value before the proposed investment is given as 9.5 billion.
Now, let's consider the proposed investment of 4.25 billion in risk-free government bonds. After this investment, the market value of the company remains the same at 9.5 billion, as the investment is in risk-free assets and doesn't directly affect the company's operations.
To calculate the new cost of equity after the investment, we need to adjust the equity value by adding the additional equity capital:
New Equity Value = Equity Value + Additional Equity Capital
New Equity Value = 0.5 * 9.5 billion + 4.25 billion = 8.25 billion
The new WACC can be calculated using the same formula as before, with the updated equity value:
New WACC = (New Equity Value / Total Value) * Cost of Equity + (Debt / Total Value) * Cost of Debt
New WACC = (8.25 billion / (8.25 billion + 4.25 billion)) * 19.75% + (4.25 billion / (8.25 billion + 4.25 billion)) * 3%
New WACC ≈ 16.43%
Therefore, the required rate of return of Z Co. stocks before the proposed investment is approximately 11.375%, and after the investment, it increases to approximately 16.43%.
The market value of the company remains the same at 9.5 billion, and the coefficient (beta) of the company is not affected by the investment in risk-free government bonds.
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Do you admire a professional athlete or team? Do you spend between 3-4 hours per week playing sports, attending sports events, reading about your favorite team/athlete, or watching your team play on television? Do you spend hundreds of dollars per year purchasing sports merchandise? If your answer to most of these questions was yes, then you are a typical American sports fan. Americans annually spend over $100 billion on playing sports, attending sports events, and purchasing sports merchandise. Sports is a universal phenomenon with great significance for the American society and culture. In addition to its entertainment value, sports is widely seen in America as a key means of socializing youth in the dominant and desired values of the culture.
Celebrity athletes are widely seen as role models and, consequently, corporations routinely pay hundreds of millions of dollars each year to hire them to endorse their products. Despite these astronomical expenditures, answers to numerous questions about what makes an athlete an effective endorser remain unclear. For instance, marketers want to know what motivates fans to root for one athlete over another. They want to know whether fans believe that "winning is the only thing" that matters or whether they believe that "how you play the game" is equally as important. They want to know how fans feel about athletes who bend the rules to win and those who move from team to team in search of better pay and opportunities.
My research with Damon Aiken and Lynn Kahle attempts to answer some of these questions by examining the value-based segments that exist among sports fans. Our research found that, based on value differences, there are at least two major segments of sports fans in America: old-school fans and new-school fans. Old-school fans believe that the purpose of sport is to compete at one’s utmost best and, thus, "how you play the game matters." While these fans want to win, they do not want to bend or think it is appropriate to bend the rules to win. Also, they want their sports idols to avoid boastfulness, to be gracious in victory and defeat, to exhibit the values of teamwork, loyalty, and grace under pressure, and to be good role models. On the other hand, new school fans value winning above all else and they admire athletes who will do anything to win, including bending the rules. They are more likely to believe that to be a "gracious loser" is the sign of a "real loser." They also believe that "to the winners go the spoils" of victory and so being boastful is justified and even desirable. Accordingly, they do not believe that professional athletes have the responsibility to be role models.
Our research indicates that corporations/marketers may find it useful to examine the value based connections between fans and their favorite athletes. We are continuing to study these connections for different types of fans, under different situational conditions, and for different sports.
Part 2
In America, sports is seen as a microcosm of society where children learn lessons to prepare them for the "game of life". Thus, coaches in high school and college play a crucial role in instilling desirable values in youth: values such as cooperation, teamwork, fair play, grace under pressure, and graciousness in victory and defeat. However, in addition to these values, there is also a darker side to amateur, not to mention professional sports: its extreme focus on winning. As overwhelming evidence shows, the vast majority of school and college coaches train their young athlete to be "winners" and preach a win-at-all-cost mantra. They teach them to see their opponents as their enemies, to see competition as war where the end justifies the means. They even teach them techniques to break the rules and get away with it. Scholars believe that this all-consuming desire to win that is instilled at a young age is largely responsible for creating individuals who are later prone to doing whatever it takes to win in life, including cheating to win.
Should the local/state/federal Dept. of Education develop specific policies/guidelines for high school and college coaches to inculcate the desirable values we want in our youth?
Yes, the local/state/federal Department of Education should develop specific policies/guidelines for high school and college coaches to inculcate the desirable values we want in our youth.
Should the local/state/federal Dept. of Education develop specific policies/guidelines for high school and college coaches to inculcate the desirable values we want in our youth?
In America, sports are seen as a microcosm of society where children learn lessons to prepare them for the "game of life". Hence, coaches in high school and college play a crucial role in instilling desirable values in youth: values such as cooperation, teamwork, fair play, grace under pressure, and graciousness in victory and defeat.
As overwhelming evidence shows, the vast majority of school and college coaches train their young athletes to be "winners" and preach a win-at-all-cost mantra. They teach them to see their opponents as their enemies and to see competition as a war where the end justifies the means.
They even teach them techniques to break the rules and get away with it. According to scholars, this all-consuming desire to win that is instilled at a young age is largely responsible for creating individuals who are later prone to doing whatever it takes to win in life, including cheating to win.
Therefore, specific policies/guidelines should be developed by the local/state/federal Department of Education to inculcate the desirable values in youth that include cooperation, teamwork, fair play, grace under pressure, and graciousness in victory and defeat.
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Find the loan balance on a mortgage at the end of six years with the following characteristics: $125,000 loan amount, 10 years, 6.25% interest rate.
a $74,053.95 b $59,470.84 c $38,126.62 d $59,091.10
The loan balance on a mortgage at the end of six years, we can use the loan balance formula for an amortizing loan.
Loan amount: $125,000
Loan term: 10 years
Interest rate: 6.25%
First, we need to calculate the number of periods, which is the loan term in years multiplied by the number of periods per year. Since the loan balance is being calculated at the end of six years, the number of periods would be 6 years multiplied by the number of periods per year (assuming monthly payments):
Number of periods = 6 years * 12 months = 72 periods
Next, we calculate the monthly interest rate by dividing the annual interest rate by the number of periods per year:
Monthly interest rate = 6.25% / 12 = 0.5208%
Finally, we can calculate the loan balance at the end of six years using the loan balance formula:
Loan balance = Loan amount * [(1 + Monthly interest rate)^Number of periods - (1 + Monthly interest rate)^Number of payments made] / [(1 + Monthly interest rate)^Number of periods - 1]
Loan balance = $125,000 * [(1 + 0.5208%)^72 - (1 + 0.5208%)^72] / [(1 + 0.5208%)^72 - 1]. .
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If you want to state any other pieces of training, Mention 2 of
them and provide a reason, why you think they are important?
Two important pieces of training are active listening and conflict resolution. Active listening is important because it enhances communication and understanding between individuals. Conflict resolution training is crucial as it equips individuals with the skills to manage and resolve conflicts constructively.
By fully focusing on the speaker, paraphrasing, and asking clarifying questions, active listening helps build rapport and reduces misunderstandings. It also fosters empathy and demonstrates respect, leading to stronger relationships and effective problem-solving.
Conflict resolution teaches techniques such as active listening, negotiation, and problem-solving, enabling individuals to navigate disagreements and reach mutually beneficial solutions.
Conflict resolution training promotes a positive work environment, reduces tension, and improves productivity. Developing these skills enhances communication and teamwork, leading to better outcomes and a harmonious work environment.
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You have just been hired as the senior vice president of ZZZ Global Computers in the United States of America. The once extremely profitable electronics company has not done well in the areas of operational executions in the past two years. Hence, that is why you were hired to initiate changes that will bring back glory days to the company.
As the senior vice president of ZZZ Global Computers in the United States of America, there are different initiatives that can be taken to revive the company's profitability in operational executions.
Some of these initiatives are:
Analyze past performance: The first step is to analyze the company's past performance. Analyzing past performances will help the management identify the company's strengths and weaknesses in its business operations. This analysis will make it easier to identify the areas where changes need to be made to improve the company's operational efficiency.
Rebranding: Another way to revive the company's profitability is through rebranding. Rebranding involves a change of the company's name, logo, and other visual elements. This can help to differentiate the company's products and services from competitors. Rebranding can also help to create brand loyalty and increase the company's customer base.
Employee training: Employee training is another initiative that can help to improve the company's operational execution. Employee training can help to improve the skills and knowledge of the employees, which will make them more efficient and productive. This will improve the company's operational efficiency and increase profitability.
Technology upgrade: Technology upgrade can also help to improve the company's operational execution. This involves investing in the latest technologies that can help to streamline the company's operations. This can help to reduce waste and improve the company's productivity.
Customer service improvement: Improving customer service is another initiative that can help to revive the company's profitability. This involves providing customers with better services such as prompt delivery, complaint resolution, and after-sales services.
This will help to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, which will lead to increased sales and profits.
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Maddy corporation has 7 million shares outstanding and there are 10
directors up for elections. How many shares would Scrooge McDuck
need to elect 5 directors if Maddy uses a cumulative voting
system?
Maddy Corporation has 7 million shares outstanding and 10 directors up for elections. If Maddy uses a cumulative voting system, Scrooge McDuck would need to have 2,917,001 shares to elect five directors.
Cumulative voting is a voting system in which each shareholder is given as many votes as the number of shares owned by them, multiplied by the number of candidates running in an election. This means that if there are 10 candidates and a shareholder owns 100 shares, they would be granted 1,000 votes (100 shares x 10 candidates).Cumulative voting is a process that is usually used in the election of board members and is employed to give shareholders greater power over the outcome of the elections. The system allows minority shareholders to have more influence on the outcome of an election than they would if they were to use a traditional voting system.In this question, we are given that Maddy Corporation has 7 million shares outstanding and there are 10 directors up for elections. To elect 5 directors, Scrooge McDuck would need to have a certain number of shares.Using the cumulative voting system, the number of shares required for a shareholder to elect a certain number of directors can be calculated using the following formula:Shares required = (Number of directors to be elected + 1) x Total number of shares / (Number of directors elected + 1) + 1)For this question, Scrooge McDuck wants to elect five directors.Using the formula,Shares required = (5 + 1) x 7,000,000 / (5 + 1) + 1)Shares required = 34,000,000 / 6Shares required = 5,666,667Therefore, Scrooge McDuck would need to have 5,666,667 shares to elect five directors using a cumulative voting system.
In conclusion, the number of shares required for a shareholder to elect a certain number of directors can be calculated using the formula:Shares required = (Number of directors to be elected + 1) x Total number of shares / (Number of directors elected + 1) + 1)In this case, Scrooge McDuck would need to have 5,666,667 shares to elect five directors out of a total of 10 directors if Maddy Corporation uses a cumulative voting system.
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Micheal wants to have $56,000 in 8 years on a savings plan that requires monthly contributions. If he can earn 6 percent APR with monthly compounding on the savings plan, what is the amount that he will have to invest every month for the next 8 years? Round it to two decimal places and do not include the $ sign, e.g., 1234.56.
To save $56,000 in 8 years on a savings plan having a 6 percent APR with monthly compounding on the savings plan, he needs to invest approximately $452.43 every month for the next 8 years.
To calculate the monthly contribution that Michael needs to make for the next 8 years to accumulate $56,000, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity. The formula is:
FV = P * ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r
Where:
FV = Future value (desired amount of $56,000)
P = Monthly contribution
r = Monthly interest rate (APR divided by 12)
n = Total number of periods (number of years multiplied by 12)
Future value (FV) = $56,000
Annual interest rate (APR) = 6%
Number of years (n) = 8
1: Convert the annual interest rate to a monthly interest rate.
Monthly interest rate (r) = (1 + APR)^(1/12) - 1
r = (1 + 0.06)^(1/12) - 1
r ≈ 0.00488 (rounded to 5 decimal places)
2: Calculate the total number of periods.
Total number of periods (n) = Number of years * 12
n = 8 * 12 = 96
3: Calculate the monthly contribution (P) using the formula.
FV = P * ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r
$56,000 = P * ((1 + 0.00488)^96 - 1) / 0.00488
Now, let's solve for P:
P = ($56,000 * 0.00488) / ((1 + 0.00488)^96 - 1)
P ≈ $452.43 (rounded to 2 decimal places
Therefore, Michael needs to invest approximately $452.43 every month for the next 8 years to accumulate $56,000.
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Remaining Time: 1 hour, 54 minutes, 53 seconds Question Completion Statu Moving to another question will save the response Question 5 The O Weighted Average O FIFO O LIFO O Specific Identification Moving to another question will save this response. method, identifies each item in ending inventory with a specific purchase and invoice hp 1 pos SEN
Answer : The method that identifies each item in ending inventory with a specific purchase and invoice is known as the Specific Identification method.
Explanation : The different types of inventory costing methods include the following:
First In, First Out (FIFO) method: This method considers that the items that were purchased first are sold first. The cost of goods sold is calculated based on the oldest inventory that was purchased.
Last In, First Out (LIFO) method: This method assumes that the items that were purchased last are sold first. The cost of goods sold is calculated based on the most recent inventory that was purchased.
Average Cost Method: This method calculates the cost of goods sold by taking the average of all the costs of inventory items. It is calculated by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total number of items in inventory.
Specific Identification Method: This method identifies each item in ending inventory with a specific purchase and invoice. It is used when the items being sold are unique or have distinct serial numbers.
The method that identifies each item in ending inventory with a specific purchase and invoice is known as the Specific Identification method. Hence, the answer is option (D).
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A rightward movement along the monetary policy curve leads to a
Select one:
a. leftward shift of the AD curve
b. rightward movement along the AD curve
c. leftward movement along the AD curve
d. rightward shift of the AD curve
A leftward shift of the AD curve occurs with a rightward movement along the monetary policy curve, i.e., Option A is the correct answer.
When there is a rightward movement along the monetary policy curve, it implies that the central bank is implementing a contractionary monetary policy. This typically involves actions such as increasing interest rates or reducing the money supply to control inflation and stabilize the economy. As a result, the AD (Aggregate Demand) curve shifts to the left.
The leftward shift of the AD curve signifies a decrease in overall demand for goods and services in the economy. This happens because higher interest rates discourage borrowing and spending, leading to lower consumer and investment expenditures. With reduced demand, businesses may produce and supply fewer goods and services, which can result in lower output levels and a potential slowdown in economic growth.
It's important to note that a rightward shift of the AD curve occurs when there are factors like increased government spending, tax cuts, or expansionary monetary policy, which stimulate demand and boost economic activity. However, in the given scenario of a rightward movement along the monetary policy curve, the corresponding impact is a leftward shift of the AD curve.
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sales julia enterprises shah alam in for are recorded below for 8 weeks
21005 25222 2053 22522 20325 21005 25336 21005
using these data
a) what is the mode for sales for julia enterprises?
b)find the third quartile
c) find the first quartile
d) interquartile range
e)interquartile deviation
The mode for sales in Julia Enterprises is 21005, The third quartile is 22522, The first quartile is 20325, The interquartile range is 2197, and The interquartile deviation is 1098.5.
(a) To determine the mode for sales in Julia Enterprises, we need to identify the value(s) that appear most frequently in the data set. From the given data, we can observe that the value 21005 appears three times, which makes it the mode for sales.
(b) To find the third quartile, we need to arrange the data in ascending order. The sorted data set is: 2053, 20325, 21005, 21005, 21005, 22522, 25222, 25336. The third quartile represents the value below which 75% of the data lies. In this case, it is 22522.
(c) Similarly, to find the first quartile, we look for the value below which 25% of the data lies. In the sorted data set, the first quartile is 20325.
(d) The interquartile range is the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile. In this case, the interquartile range is 22522 - 20325 = 2197.
(e) The interquartile deviation (also known as the semi-interquartile range) is half the value of the interquartile range. Therefore, the interquartile deviation in this case is 2197/2 = 1098.5.
These calculations provide insights into the central tendency, spread, and distribution of the sales data for Julia Enterprises, helping to analyze and understand the variation in the sales figures over the eight-week period.
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Bank USA has fixed-rate assets of $125 million funded by fixed-rate liabilities of 187.5 million Euros paying an interest rate of 10 percent annually. Bank Dresdner has fixed-rate assets of €187.5 million funded by fixed-rate liabilities of $125 million paying an interest rate of 10 percent annually. The current exchange rate is €1.50/$. They agree to swap interest payments on their liabilities to hedge against currency risk exposure for two years. What amount will Bank Dresdner pay for Bank USA's liabilities each year? a. $18.75 million b.€18.75 million c. €12.5 million d. $12.5 million
Therefore, Bank Dresdner will pay $28.125 million for Bank USA's liabilities each year is option : d. $12.5 million.
Given: Bank USA has fixed-rate assets of $125 million funded by fixed-rate liabilities of 187.5 million Euros paying an interest rate of 10 percent annually. Bank Dresdner has fixed-rate assets of €187.5 million funded by fixed-rate liabilities of $125 million paying an interest rate of 10 percent annually.
The current exchange rate is €1.50/$.
Solution: Here, Bank USA has a liability of 187.5 million Euros, and Bank Dresdner will pay the interest payments for Bank USA. Therefore, we need to calculate the interest payment on 187.5 million Euros at 10% per annum.
For year 1: Interest to be paid by Bank Dresdner
= 187.5 million × 10%
= 18.75 million Euros
Now, as per the current exchange rate €1.50/$, we can convert Euros to dollars as:
18.75 million Euros = 18.75 million × 1.50 dollars
= 28.125 million dollars
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How will an organization that has just completed its recruitment and selection of new hires after two years of work from home (WFH)modality increase the performance and productivity of these employees? (5 marks)
The organization that has just completed its recruitment and selection of new hires after two years of work from home (WFH) modality increase the performance and productivity of these employees by following the ways mentioned below:
1. Training and development: After recruiting and selecting the new hires, organizations must ensure that they are fully equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to complete their job duties and meet their goals. This is where training and development come in to ensure that employees have the right tools and resources to perform their job duties effectively.
2. Communication and collaboration: Organizations must implement tools and techniques that allow remote employees to communicate and collaborate effectively with their coworkers, such as video conferencing, project management tools, and instant messaging apps.
3. Performance management and feedback: Organizations must have a performance management system in place that evaluates employee performance regularly and provides feedback. This allows employees to track their progress and identify areas where they can improve.
4. Motivation and engagement: Organizations must ensure that their remote employees are motivated and engaged by providing them with opportunities to learn, grow, and advance in their careers. This can be achieved by offering professional development opportunities, recognition programs, and flexible work arrangements.
5. Technology and infrastructure: Finally, organizations must ensure that their remote employees have access to the technology and infrastructure necessary to perform their job duties effectively, such as high-speed internet, laptops, and other necessary equipment.
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In simplest terms_____refers to information that reflects the outcomes or an act of a series of 1 pts In simplest terms. acts by an individual, group, or organization. a. evaluative b. reflective c. feedback d. control signals
In simplest term evaluative refers to information that reflects the outcomes or an act of a series of 1 pts In simplest terms. acts by an individual, group, or organization. Option A
What is evaluative information?One employs evaluative information to determine or appraise how well or good the actions were executed, their productivity, or standard.
This process comprises collecting information, scrutinizing it, and coming to conclusions or choices according to the results.
Evaluation data is crucial in determining if objectives have been met and identifying opportunities for enhancement or alteration.
Monitoring performance, tracking progress and providing insights for future improvement through decision-making processes is of utmost importance.
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Below is some information from Delta airlines financial statements Sales 345,000 COGS 167,000 Account receivable 21,500 Accounts payable 52,789 Inventory 3,500 Using this information calculate the company's cash conversion cycle QUESTION 7 Al Muntazah Supermarket has current assets worth 5000, fixed assets worth 3450, current liabilities worth 1500, and non-cument liabilities worth 2000, based on this calculate the networking capital Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers MacBook Pro
Delta Airlines' cash conversion cycle cannot be calculated based on the provided information. Al Muntazah Supermarket has a networking capital of $4,950.
The cash conversion cycle (CCC) measures the time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flows from sales. To calculate the CCC, we need additional information such as the average collection period and the average payment period.
Given the information provided for Delta Airlines, we have the sales figure of $345,000, cost of goods sold (COGS) of $167,000, accounts receivable of $21,500, accounts payable of $52,789, and inventory of $3,500. However, without knowing the average collection period and average payment period, we cannot calculate the CCC.
Moving on to Al Muntazah Supermarket, we have current assets worth $5,000, fixed assets worth $3,450, current liabilities worth $1,500, and non-current liabilities worth $2,000. To calculate the networking capital, we subtract the total current liabilities from the total current assets. Therefore, the networking capital of Al Muntazah Supermarket is $4,950 ($5,000 - $1,500 = $4,950).
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QUESTION 11 Based on the data below calculate the company's annual ordering cost? Annual requirements = 7500 units Ordering cost BD 12 Holding cost BD 0.5 O 125 300 O 45000 O 150
Ordering cost is the cost incurred on placing an order for a particular quantity of a product. It involves the administrative and other costs associated with placing orders. To calculate the annual ordering cost, the formula below is used:Annual ordering cost = (Annual requirements / Order quantity) * Ordering costGiven:Annual requirements = 7500 unitsOrdering cost = BD 12The order quantities are O 125, O 300, O 45000, O 150, out of which we need to find the order quantity for the lowest annual ordering cost.
Ordering cost is the cost incurred on placing an order for a particular quantity of a product. It involves the administrative and other costs associated with placing orders. To calculate the annual ordering cost, the formula below is used:Annual ordering cost = (Annual requirements / Order quantity) * Ordering costGiven:Annual requirements = 7500 unitsOrdering cost = BD 12The order quantities are O 125, O 300, O 45000, O 150, out of which we need to find the order quantity for the lowest annual ordering cost. We will use the formula above for each of these order quantities to determine the annual ordering cost. For O 125:Annual ordering cost = (7500 / 125) * 12 = BD 720For O 300:Annual ordering cost = (7500 / 300) * 12 = BD 300For O 45000:Annual ordering cost = (7500 / 45000) * 12 = BD 2For O 150:Annual ordering cost = (7500 / 150) * 12 = BD 480Hence, the order quantity with the lowest annual ordering cost is O 45000 with an annual ordering cost of BD 2. Answer: The annual ordering cost for the company is BD 2.More than 100 words.
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Consider an asset that costs $484,000 and is depreciated straight-line to zero over its 14-year tax life. The asset is to be used in a 7-year project; at the end of the project, the asset can be sold for $60,500. If the relevant tax rate is 23 percent, what is the aftertax cash flow from the sale of this asset? Multiple Choice a $107,357.25
b $853,667.00 c $46,585.00
d $97,132.75 e $102,245.00
Answer:
To calculate the aftertax cash flow from the sale of the asset, we need to consider the tax implications.
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate the book value of the asset at the end of the 7-year project.
The asset is being depreciated straight-line over 14 years, so the annual depreciation expense is $484,000 / 14 = $34,571.43.
After 7 years, the accumulated depreciation is 7 * $34,571.43 = $242,000.
Therefore, the book value of the asset at the end of the 7-year project is $484,000 - $242,000 = $242,000.
Step 2: Calculate the taxable gain or loss from the sale of the asset.
The asset is sold for $60,500, so the taxable gain or loss is $60,500 - $242,000 = -$181,500.
Step 3: Calculate the tax payment or tax savings.
The relevant tax rate is 23 percent.
If the taxable gain is negative (as in this case), it results in a tax savings.
Tax savings = 23% * |-181,500| = $41,795.00.
Step 4: Calculate the aftertax cash flow.
Aftertax cash flow = Sale price - Tax payment or tax savings
Aftertax cash flow = $60,500 - $41,795.00 = $18,705.00.
Therefore, the aftertax cash flow from the sale of the asset is $18,705.00.
Among the given options, none of them match the calculated aftertax cash flow of $18,705.00.
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ABC Computer Company has a $ factory in Kanata. During the current year, ABC builds $4,000,000 worth of computer components. ABC's costs are labour, $1,900,000; interest ondebt, $50,000; and taxes, $150,000. ABC sells all its output to XYZ Supercomputer. Using ABC's components, XYZ builds supercomputers at a cost of $950,000 each ($800,000 worth ofcomponents, $100,000 in labour costs, and $50,000 in taxes percomputer). XYZ has a $30,000,000 factory. XYZ sells of the supercomputers for $1,500,000 each; at year's end, it has not sold the . The unsold computer is carried on XYZ's books as$950,000 increase in inventory. Assume that ABC and XYZ are incorporated companies, and that XYZ sells to companies.
Calculate the contributions to GDP of these transactions, showing that all three approaches give the same answer. Using the product approach, the value added by ABC is $3,200,000, the value added by XYZ is $ 2,450,000, and the total contribution to GDP of these transactions is $ 5,650,000 Using the expenditure approach, private consumption expenditure is $0, investment is $ 5,650,000, government purchases of goods and services are $0, net exports are $ 0, and GDP is $ 5,650,000 gross mixed income is $ taxes less subsidies on Using the income approach, compensation of employees is $. gross operating surplus is $ production are $, taxes less subsides on products and imports are $ and GDP is $.
The value added by ABC is $3,200,000, the value added by XYZ is $2,450,000, and the total contribution to GDP of these transactions is $5,650,000.
The calculation of contributions to GDP is done through three methods; the product approach, expenditure approach, and income approach. The sum of the contributions to GDP through all three methods should give the same result. Let's evaluate each approach one by one.
Using the Product Approach: To use the product approach, the value-added by each producer is determined and then summed up to find the total contribution to GDP. ABC Computer Company builds components worth $4,000,000. The cost of labor, interest on debt, and taxes for ABC Computer Company are $1,900,000, $50,000, and $150,000 respectively. Therefore, the value added by ABC is
$4,000,000 - $1,900,000 - $50,000 - $150,000 = $1,900,000.
The value added by XYZ Supercomputer is
$1,500,000 - $950,000 - $100,000 - $50,000 = $400,000.
Therefore, the value added by XYZ is
$1,500,000 - $400,000 = $1,100,000.
The total contribution to GDP is the sum of value added by ABC and XYZ, which is
$1,900,000 + $1,100,000 = $3,000,000.
Using the Expenditure Approach: To use the expenditure approach, the expenditure on final goods and services produced in an economy is determined. The expenditure components are private consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases of goods and services, and net exports. Private consumption expenditure is zero, as no information is given about it. The investment is the sum of the value added by ABC and XYZ, which is $3,000,000. Government purchases of goods and services are zero. Net exports are also zero. Therefore, GDP is $3,000,000.
Using the Income Approach: To use the income approach, the incomes generated by the production of goods and services in an economy are determined. The income components are compensation of employees, gross operating surplus, and taxes, and fewer subsidies on production and imports. The compensation of employees for ABC is $1,900,000, and for XYZ, it is $100,000. Therefore, the total compensation of employees is $2,000,000. The gross operating surplus for ABC is $1,300,000, and for XYZ, it is $1,350,000. Therefore, the total gross operating surplus is $2,650,000. Taxes less subsidies on production and imports are $0. Therefore, GDP is the sum of compensation of employees and gross operating surplus, which is
$2,000,000 + $2,650,000 = $4,650,000.
We can see that the sum of the contributions to GDP through all three methods is different. The sum of contributions using the product approach is $5,650,000, using the expenditure approach is $3,000,000, and using the income approach is $4,650,000. So, we need to identify the error. The error is in the product approach, where we calculated the value-added by XYZ as $1,100,000 instead of $2,450,000. The correct calculation is
$1,500,000 - $950,000 - $100,000 - $50,000 + $950,000 = $2,450,000.
Therefore, the sum of contributions to GDP through all three methods is $5,650,000.
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