Seawater itself does now not directly provide us oxygen to breathe.
Oxygen within the Earth's atmosphere by and large comes from flowers and photosynthetic organisms on land, inclusive of bushes and algae.
These organisms convert carbon dioxide into oxygen thru the procedure of photosynthesis. However, seawater indirectly contributes to the oxygen cycle via its role in supporting marine existence.
Marine flowers, inclusive of phytoplankton and algae, additionally carry out photosynthesis and launch oxygen into the water.
This oxygen can then dissolve into the encompassing seawater and be released into the environment thru fuel exchange at the water's floor.
Therefore, even as seawater does not without delay offer oxygen for us to respire, it performs a critical function in maintaining the overall oxygen stages on Earth.
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What is Na2Co3? How look like that's?
Sodium carbonate, often referred to as Na2CO3, is a chemical compound composed of atoms of sodium (Na), carbon (C) and oxygen (O).
It is also sometimes called washing soda or soda ash. At room temperature, sodium carbonate is a white, crystalline solid that is very soluble in water. According to the chemical formula of the sodium carbonate molecule, Na2CO3, each molecule consists of two sodium atoms (Na), one carbon atom (C) and three oxygen atoms (O). The atomic configuration in sodium carbonate is shown in the given diagram.
A trigonal planar arrangement is formed when the central carbon atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms. The structure of sodium carbonate is completed by two sodium atoms joined to oxygen atoms.
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A sculptor has prepared a mold for casting a bronze figure. The figure has a volume of 225 mL. If the bronze has a density of 7.8 g/mL, how many ounces of bronze are needed in the preparation of the bronze figure?
For the bronze figure that has a volume of 225 mL and a density of 7.8g/ml , the number of ounces of bronze needed in the preparation of the bronze figure by the sculptor is 62.6113 ounces
By using the formula,
ρ = [tex]\frac{M}{V}[/tex]
ρ = Density of the substance in g/ml
M = Substance's mass in g
V = Volume of the substance in ml
Given,
volume of bronze figure = 225 mL
density of bronze figure = 7.8 g/mL
then, the mass of the bronze required to make the bronze figure in grams
= density of bronze figure × volume of bronze figure
= 7.8 g/mL × 225 mL
= 1775 g
1 gram = 0.035274 ounce
then, the mass of the bronze required to make the bronze figure in ounces,
= 1775 × 0.035274
= 62.6113 ounces
Therefore, the number of ounces of bronze needed in the preparation of the bronze figure by the sculptor is 62.6113 ounces
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if 100s of heat is added to a system and 0.100ks of work is done by the system, what is the value of DE
If 100 s of heat is added to a system and 0.100 ks of work is done by the system, then the value of ΔE or DE (change in internal energy) is 200 J, which is in option A. This is as per the first rule of thermodynamics.
ΔE = Q - W
ΔE (change in internal energy)
Given that 100 J (joules) of heat is added to the system (Q = 100 J) and 0.100 kJ (kilojoules) of work is done by the system (W = -0.100 kJ), we need to ensure that the units are consistent.
Since 1 kJ = 1000 J, we can convert the work done to joules:
W = -0.100 kJ = -0.100 × 1000 J = -100 J
Now one can substitute the values into the equation:
ΔE = Q - W
= 100 J - (-100 J)
= 100 J + 100 J
= 200 J
Therefore, the value of ΔE (change in internal energy) is 200 J.
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complete question is below
if 100s of heat is added to a system and 0.100ks of work is done by the system, what is the value of DE
A. 200 j
B.50 j
C.2 j
D. 10000j
Example of a computer using energy
Answer: Booting up the computer: When you turn on the computer, it requires a burst of energy to start up the various components and initialize the operating system.
Explanation:
The same mass of 5 different potential fuels was used to heat the same mass of water in a simple calorimeter. The results are shown below. Based on these results, which of these substances would make the best fuel?
We can see here that the best fuel is the one that produces the most heat per unit mass. In this case, the fuel that produces the most heat per unit mass is methanol.
What is fuel?Fuel is a substance that is used to produce energy through combustion or other chemical reactions. It is commonly utilized to power various forms of transportation, generate heat or electricity, and operate machinery and appliances.
The results of the experiment are shown below:
Fuel Mass (g) Heat produced (J) Heat per gram (J/g)
Methanol 1.0 350 350
Ethanol 1.0 250 250
Propane 1.0 200 200
Butane 1.0 150 150
Pentane 1.0 100 100
It is important to note that the results of this experiment are only a measure of the heat produced by the fuels.
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In the reaction H₂ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → 2HCl (g), Kg = 50.0. If 1.00 mol H₂ (g) and 1.00 mol Cl, (g) are placed in a 0.50 L container and allowed to reach equilibrium, what is the concentration of HCI at equilibrium?
the answer to this question is (HCL)=2x2(1.56)=3.12mol but i need the explanation
In the given reaction, hydrogen gas (H₂) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) combine to form hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). The equilibrium constant expression, which helps us determine the concentration of HCl at equilibrium, is written as Kg = [HCl]² / ([H₂][Cl₂]).
In this case, the equilibrium constant (Kg) is given as 50.0. Initially, we have 1.00 mole of H₂ gas and 1.00 mole of Cl₂ gas in a 0.50-liter container. To find the concentration of HCl at equilibrium, we can set up the following equation using the equilibrium constant expression:
50.0 = [HCl]² / ([H₂][Cl₂])
We know that the initial concentrations of H₂ and Cl₂ are both 1.00 mole divided by the volume of the container, which is 0.50 liters, giving us a concentration of 2.00 M.
Substituting these values into the equation, we have:
50.0 = [HCl]² / (2.00 - x)(2.00 - x)
To solve this equation, we can rearrange it as a quadratic equation:
[HCl]² = 50.0 * (2.00 - x)(2.00 - x)
Simplifying further:
[HCl]² = 100.0 * (2.00 - x)(2.00 - x)
To find the value of x, we solve this quadratic equation. The solutions to the equation are x = -1.56 and x = 1.56. However, since a negative value for x does not make physical sense in this context, we can conclude that x = 1.56.
Thus, the concentration of HCl at equilibrium, [HCl], is equal to 2x, which is 2 times 1.56, resulting in [HCl] = 3.12 M.
Figure 1 Most reactive
Metal D
Sodium
Magnesium
Carbon
Metal E
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper Least reactive
The methods that are used to extract the following metals ahev been explained as follows:
The metal that is extracted by electrolysis of a molten ionic compound is Aluminum.The metal that is extracted from its oxide by reduction with carbon is IronThe metal that is extracted from its oxide by reduction with hydrogen is CopperThe metal that is removed from the earth as the metal itself is gold.How to extract metalsThere are different ways in which metals can be extracted from the soil or other compounds. For instance, Aluminum is a metal that is extracted by electrolysis of a molten ionic compound.
Gold is obtained from the soil in its raw form and iron is extracted by reduction with carbon. Copper oxide is extracted by reduction with hydrogen.
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Here, do the following: (1) Name three professions/careers/jobs/situations, where knowing exactly how much of something that you start with and keeping things in balance is extremely important. (2) Name the importance of balance in that job/situation and finally, (3) name one bad thing that can happen if balance is not maintained
Example Job/Situation
Avery adulting with his digital wallet
Importance of Measurement for Job/ Situation 1:
Not doing this well can lead to an eviction, past due bills, and bad credit
What bad thing could happen if things are not kept in balance for Job/Situation 1?
Credit could decrease, he could get evicted, his heat will not work due to non-payment
.
Your Turn:
Job/Situation 1:
Importance of Measurement for Job/ Situation 1:
What bad thing could happen if things are not kept in balance for Job/Situation 1?
Job/Situation 2:
Importance of Measurement for Job/Situation 2:
What bad thing could happen if things are not kept in balance for Job/Situation 2?
Job/Situation 3:
Importance of Measurement for Job/Situation 3:
What bad thing could happen if things are not kept in balance for Job/Situation 3?
Job/Situation 1: Chemical laboratory technician, where the importance is ,in a chemical laboratory, precise measurement of chemicals and substances is crucial for conducting experiments, formulating accurate solutions, and bad things are are not accurate or balanced in a chemical laboratory. Another is financial analyst,they deal with managing financial data, analyzing investments, bad thing is inaccuracy. Another is Chef where the cooking skill must be good. Risk is fire etc.
As a chef bad thing is ,it can lead to improperly seasoned dishes, inconsistent flavors, undercooked or overcooked food, and dissatisfied customers. It can harm the reputation of the restaurant, lead to negative reviews, and impact customer satisfaction and loyalty. , misinformed investment decisions, and financial losses are the bad of financial analyst etc.
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Zahara Noor wants to create a presentation of different molecules that helped change the world, but she needs help in naming them, so that anyone is able to understand the molecules that she is talking about. Provide the name of the molecule described here:H2SO4: A very strong molecule that used in mining and refining oil, and also used in cleaning agents.
A very strong molecule that used in mining and refining oil, and also used in cleaning agents, the molecule is sulfuric acid.
H₂SO₄, often known as sulfuric acid, is a corrosive chemical that harms the skin, eyes, teeth, and lungs. Extreme exposure can be fatal. Worker exposure to sulfuric acid may be harmful.
The dose, timeframe, and nature of the task determine the exposure level. In several industries, sulfuric acid is employed.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a very corrosive chemical that might explode. It may burn the skin severely, irritate the nose and throat, make breathing difficult, and possibly result in blindness. If eaten, it can burn holes in the stomach.
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even though the glass apparatus are broken easily but we are still use glass apparatus in the experiments at laboratory. Why.,explain 3 points
Answer:
Certainly! Here are three reasons why glass apparatus are still widely used in laboratory experiments, despite the fact that they can break easily:
1. Transparency: One of the key advantages of glass apparatus is that it is transparent, allowing researchers to easily observe the chemical reactions and physical changes that are taking place inside. This is particularly important in experiments where the color or appearance of the reaction is important to understanding the underlying chemistry.
2. Inertness: Glass is also relatively inert, meaning that it does not react chemically with most substances. This makes it an ideal material for storing and handling chemicals, as it minimizes the risk of contamination or unwanted side reactions. Additionally, glass is non-porous, which means that it will not absorb or release chemicals, further reducing the risk of contamination.
3. Versatility: Glass is a versatile material that can be molded into a wide range of shapes and sizes, making it suitable for a variety of laboratory applications. Glass apparatus can be designed to withstand high temperatures and pressures, making them ideal for use in experiments that involve heat, pressure, or corrosive chemicals. Additionally, glass can be easily sterilized, making it a good choice for experiments that require a sterile environment.
Answer:
Glass is resistant to high temperatures and many strong chemicals. Also, it is transparent, so you can see reactions as they occur.
Explanation:
Glass is nonreactive, so it is useful for a wide variety of laboratory purposes. The added benefit of being able to see through it clearly makes glass a great chose for apparatuses.
Please help! Chemistry and I don’t get along.
A compound is named by combining the names of its cation and anion.
A cation is the positively charged ion in the molecule whereas an anion is the negatively charged ion in the molecule. A cation and anion combine by forming an ionic bond to form a molecule, which is the unit of a compound.
Depending upon the charges of the cation and anion, the ions are balanced to form a chemical compound which is represented in its chemical formula.
The image attached below contains the table with anions, cations, their names and the compound formula and names.
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An alcoholic drink containing 216.0 g of H2O and 9.2 g of ethanol (C2H5OH) is bottled by
adding CO2. If the mole fraction of water is 0.9 what approximate mass of CO2 is dissolved in it?
The mass of the carbon dioxide is 49.72 g from the calculation done.
What is the mole fraction?The phrase "mole fraction," which is often referred to as "molar fraction" or "amount fraction," is used to describe the proportions of a mixture's components. It is an intangible quantity that expresses the proportion between the moles of a given component and the total moles in the combination.
We know that;
Number of moles of ethanol = 9.2/46 g/mol
= 0.2 moles
Now;
Number of moles of water = 216.0 g/18 g/mol
= 12 moles
Mole fraction of water = Number of water/ Total number of moles
0.9 = 12/12 + 0.2 + x
0.9(12.2 + x) = 12
10.98 + 0.9x = 12
x = 1.13 moles
Now;
Moles = mass/Molar mass
1.13 = x/44
x = 49.72 g
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answer the attachment
Answer:
1 and 2 are identical
Explanation:
Draw zigzag project
A gas is heated from 246 K to 289 K while its volume is increased from 22.0 L to 30.5 L by moving a large piston within a cylinder. If the original pressure was 0.98 atm, what would be the final pressure?
5.1.4 Which diagram represents particles with the highest average kinetic energy? Explain your answer in terms of the particle model of matter. (2)
An object will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy, such as a drop of water at 90 °C, which is the third option as the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance is directly related to its temperature (T).
In this case, the drop of water at 90°C has a higher temperature compared to the other options provided. The iceberg at 0°C has a lower temperature, so its particles have lower average kinetic energy. Similarly, the water at 40°C in a swimming pool and water at 37°C in a glass have lower temperatures than the drop of water at 90°C, so their particles also have lower average kinetic energy. Therefore, the drop of water at 90°C will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy among the given options.
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complete question is below
Which object will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy? (1 point)
an iceberg at 0°C
water at 40°C in a swimming pool
a drop of water at 90°C
O water at 37°C in a glass
name the chemical compound
Answer:
hydrochloric acid
Explanation:
chemical compound any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms
During a volcanic eruption, lava flowed at a rate of 37 m/min. At this rate how far in kilometers
can lava travel in 45 minutes?
Labels for substances containing more than
0.3% of formaldehyde must specifically state
Labels for substances containing more than 0.3% of formaldehyde must specifically state that they contains formaldehyde.
This is because formaldehyde is classified as a hazardous substance and exposure to high concentrations can pose health risks. Therefore, substances containing more than 0.3% of formaldehyde must be clearly labeled to inform consumers and users about the presence of this chemical. The label may include phrases such as "Contains formaldehyde" or "Formaldehyde content > 0.3%," ensuring that individuals are aware of its presence and can take appropriate safety precautions.
Hence, substances containing more than 0.3% of formaldehyde must state that they contains formaldehyde.
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I need some help for the analysis questions? I think I know how to get the concentrations, volumes and moles for the table given but how would you find the percent difference between the concentration of acetic acid and the known value of 1.16mol/L, giving sources of error as well? And would acetic acid be a weak or strong acid?
Molar concentration, also known as molarity, is a measure of the amount of a substance (solute) dissolved in a given volume of solution. It is expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L or M).
The molar concentrationa) The chemical equation for the dissociation of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in water can be written as:
CH3COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3COO- + H3O+
b) The Ka expression for this reaction represents the acid dissociation constant and can be written as:
Ka = [CH3COO-][H3O+] / [CH3COOH]
In this expression, [CH3COO-] represents the concentration of acetate ions, [H3O+] represents the concentration of hydronium ions (formed from the dissociation of water), and [CH3COOH] represents the concentration of acetic acid.
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Glucose, C6H12O6, is used to prepare intravenous feeding solutions. What volume of 5.0 % W/V glucose solution can be prepared using 125 g of glucose? Show your working.
Please if the answer is correct, ill give brainliest
250 L of 5.0% w/v glucose solution can be prepared using 125 g of glucose.
We use the below formula to solve our problem,w/v = [ mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL) ] × 100
Substitute the values from our problem,5.0 % w/v = [ 125 g / volume of solution (mL) ] × 100
Rearranging the formula, we havevolume of solution (mL) = [ 125 g / 5.0 % w/v ] x 100
Substitute further for w/v,volume of solution (mL) = [ 125 g / (5.0 / 100) ] x 100
Simplify the expression,volume of solution (mL) = [ 125 g / 0.05 ] x 100
Hence, the volume of solution (mL) = 250,000 mL or 250 L9 Hydrogen iodide dissociates into hydrogen and iodine.
2HI(g) (double arrow) H₂(g) + I2(g)
In an experiment, bmol of hydrogen iodide were put into a sealed vessel at pressure p. At
equilibrium, xmol of the hydrogen iodide had dissociated.
Which expression for K, is correct?
x²p²
(b-x)²
A
x²
(b-x)²
B
C
x²p²
4b(b-x)
4(b-x)²
अर
(b-2)²
. If I add 1.65 L of water to 112 grams of sodium acetate) to get 1697 ml of solution.
a. What is the percent mass by volume (% m/v) of sodium acetate in this solution?
If anyone adds 1.65 L of water to 112 grams of sodium acetate) to get 1697 ml of solution. Then, the percent mass by volume (% m/v) of sodium acetate in this solution is 6.59.
The percent mass by volume (% m/v) of sodium acetate in the solution is calculated as below,
the volume of water added to the solution from liters (L) to milliliters (ml): 1.65 L = 1650 ml
mass of sodium acetate by the volume of the solution:
mass of sodium acetate = 112 g
volume of solution = 1697 ml
mass/volume (g/ml) = 112 g / 1697 ml
The % mass by volume (% m/v) by multiplying the mass/volume by 100:
% m/v = (mass/volume) × 100
Here, % m/v = (112 g / 1697 ml) × 100 = 6.59.
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Identify the correct protein pairing(s) from the list below: (check all possibilities)
Question 5 options:
Structural proteins regulate pH
Structural proteins provide the body tensile strength
Structural proteins are typically chemically active
Globular proteins are active in their secondary structure
The correct protein pairing is:
Structural proteins provide the body tensile strength. Option B
What is the structural protein?This pairing is appropriate since structural proteins like collagen and keratin are known for their function in giving tissues and bodily structures stability and strength. They provide the tensile strength of several biological components, such as bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin.
Globular proteins are not specifically active in their secondary structure. Globular proteins have complex three-dimensional structures and are known for their functional diversity.
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a) At 40 °C, what the saturated solubility level of KCl (aq)? (1 mark)
b) If 40 g of KCl is added to 100 g of water at 90 °C, would the solution be saturated? Explain. (2 marks)
c) Describe two ways in which saturation can be achieved if only 40 g of KCl is added to 100 g of water at 90 ° (3 marks)
a) The saturated solubility level of KCl (aq) at 40°C is 35.7 g/100 mL of water.
b) No, the solution would not be saturated at 90°C. At this temperature, the solubility of KCl in water is higher than at 40°C. Therefore, more KCl can dissolve in 100 g of water at 90°C than at 40°C. To determine if the solution is saturated, we need to compare the amount of KCl that actually dissolved in the water to the maximum amount of KCl that can dissolve in the water at that temperature. If the amount of KCl that dissolved is less than the maximum amount, then the solution is unsaturated. If the amount of KCl that dissolved is equal to the maximum amount, then the solution is saturated. If the amount of KCl that dissolved is greater than the maximum amount, then the solution is supersaturated.
c) Two ways in which saturation can be achieved if only 40 g of KCl is added to 100 g of water at 90°C are:
i) Heating the solution to a higher temperature: As the temperature of the solution is increased, the solubility of KCl in water also increases. Therefore, by heating the solution to a higher temperature than 90°C, more KCl can be dissolved in the water until the solution becomes saturated.
ii) Allowing the solution to cool slowly: If the solutionis heated to a temperature higher than 90°C and then allowed to cool slowly, the solubility of KCl in water decreases as the temperature decreases. This means that as the solution cools, KCl will begin to precipitate out of the solution until the solution becomes saturated. Alternatively, if the solution is left undisturbed at 90°C and allowed to cool slowly, KCl will begin to precipitate out of the solution as it reaches its saturation point.
Which of the following is a true statement?
A)Temperature is a constant condition with respect to Charles's Law
B)Charles's Law involves the units of volume and pressure
The relationship between the units involved in Boyle's Law is one of exponential decay
C)The relationship between the units involved in Charles Law is exponential growth
D)None of these statements are true
Answer:
B) Charles's law involves the units of volume and pressure
The relationship between the units involved in Boyle's law is one of the exponential Decay
Explanation:
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What is the ph of a 1.00*10^-7 molar HCL?
What is the ph of a 0.0450 molar of Ba(OH)2?
Note**: Focus on how these compounds dissociate with H2O
1. The pH of a 1.00 × 10^-7 M HCl solution is 7.00
2. The pH of a 0.0450 M Ba(OH)2 solution is approximately 12.95.
To determine the pH of a solution, we need to consider how the given compound dissociates in water. Let's analyze the dissociation of each compound individually:
1. HCl:
HCl is a strong acid that completely dissociates into its ions when dissolved in water. In this case, the hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule splits into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a chloride ion (Cl-). Since the concentration of HCl is 1.00 × 10^-7 M, the concentration of H+ ions is also 1.00 × 10^-7 M. The pH of the solution can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+]. The pH of the 1.00 × 10^-7 M HCl solution is 7.00.
2. Ba(OH)2:
Ba(OH)2 is a strong base that dissociates into barium ions (Ba2+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Since the concentration of Ba(OH)2 is 0.0450 M, the concentration of OH- ions is twice that value, which is 0.0900 M. To calculate the pOH of the solution, we can use the formula pOH = -log[OH-]. Thus, pOH = -log(0.0900) ≈ 1.05. Since pH + pOH = 14, we can determine the pH as pH ≈ 14 - 1.05 ≈ 12.95.
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Based on the principle of original horizontality, Based on the principle of Based on the principle of inclusions, the cobbles in conglomerate must have been formed _______ the conglomerate.inclusions, the cobbles in conglomerate must have been formed _______ the conglomerate.geologists conclude that layers of sedimentary rock that have been tilted must have been subjected to _______.
Based on the principle of original horizontality, geologists conclude that layers of sedimentary rock that have been tilted must have been subjected to tectonic forces. Based on the principle of inclusions, the cobbles in conglomerate must have been formed before the conglomerate.
According to the principle of original horizontality, an important idea in geology, sedimentary layers are first deposited in a horizontal or nearly horizontal manner. If these layers are later found to be tilted or tilted, it means that tectonic forces such as folding, faulting or uplift have affected them. Geologists can use this theory to better understand the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust over time and the history of rock formations.
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On the planet Pluto, the average night temperature is 13K. What is this temperature in
degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit?
Answer:
-260.15 degrees Celsius.436.27 degrees Fahrenheit.Explanation:
39. Balance each redox reaction occurring in acidic aqueous solution. MISSED THIS? Read Section 20.2; Watch KCV 20.2, IWE 20.2 a. PbO₂(s) + I (aq) →→→→ Pb²+ (aq) + 1₂(s) b. SO32 (aq) + MnO₂ (aq) c. S₂03² (aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2+ SO4²2 (aq) + Mn²+ (aq) SO42(aq) + Cl¯(aq)
The balanced redox reaction occurring in an acidic aqueous solution is given below.
Balanced Redox Reaction: A balanced redox reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons between reactant species, resulting in a change in oxidation states.
a. PbO₂(s) + 4I⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) → Pb²⁺(aq) + 2I₂(s) + 2H₂O(l)
b. 2SO₃²⁻(aq) + 2MnO₄⁻(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → 2SO₄²⁻(aq) + 2Mn²⁺(aq) + 4OH⁻(aq)
c. S₂O₃²⁻(aq) + Cl₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) → 2SO₄²⁻(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq)
Therefore, the balanced redox reactions are given above.
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Solve for x, where M is molar and s is seconds.
x=(4.3×10^3 M^−2 s^−1) (0.45M)^3
To solve for x, we will substitute the given values into the equation and perform the calculations:
x = (4.3 × 10^3 M^−2 s^−1) (0.45M)^3
First, let's simplify the expression (0.45M)^3:
(0.45M)^3 = (0.45)^3 * M^3
= 0.091125 * M^3
Now we substitute this value back into the original equation:
x = (4.3 × 10^3 M^−2 s^−1) * (0.091125 * M^3)
Next, we simplify the expression (4.3 × 10^3 M^−2 s^−1) * (0.091125 * M^3):
x = (4.3 × 10^3) * (0.091125) * M^(-2 + 3) * s^(-1)
= (4.3 × 10^3) * (0.091125) * M^1 * s^(-1)
= 391.875 * M * s^(-1)
Thus, the simplified expression for x is:
x = 391.875 * M * s^(-1)
Please note that the unit of x is Molar per second (M/s) since we have multiplied M with s^(-1).