the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on social tension in Australia over the last two years. The government's response to the pandemic has been a source of controversy, with some citizens believing that the measures were overly strict and damaging to the economy and people's lives.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the entire world, and Australia is no exception. During the last two years, the Australian government's management of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of social tension. Government actions significantly impacted the typical Australian citizen's habitual way of life and led to mass protests throughout the country.
The Australian government has taken a number of actions in response to the pandemic, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, and mandatory vaccinations. These measures have sparked considerable controversy and led to social tension. Some citizens believe that the government's response was inadequate and that the lockdowns and restrictions were overly strict and damaging to the economy and people's lives.
Others believe that the government's response was necessary to save lives and prevent the spread of the virus. The debate between these two groups has led to a great deal of social tension in Australia over the past two years.
One significant issue that has arisen in response to the government's COVID-19 measures is the loss of personal freedoms. The lockdowns and restrictions have resulted in significant limitations on people's ability to go about their daily lives and engage in social activities. These limitations have led to a great deal of frustration and resentment among some citizens, who believe that the government has overstepped its bounds.
Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing social and economic inequalities. The lockdowns and restrictions have had a disproportionate impact on certain groups, such as low-income earners and those in precarious work. This has led to mass protests and demonstrations in some parts of the country.
In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on social tension in Australia over the last two years. The government's response to the pandemic has been a source of controversy, with some citizens believing that the measures were overly strict and damaging to the economy and people's lives. The loss of personal freedoms and the exacerbation of existing social and economic inequalities have contributed to the social tension that exists in Australia today.
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A finished item is made up of four type A parts, two type B parts, and one type C part. Each A is made up of one type E part and two type F parts. One portion of type G and one part of type H go into each E.
The construction of a finished item requires 4 × type A parts, 2 × type B parts, 1 × type C part, 4 × type E parts, 8 × type F parts, 4 × type G parts, and 4 × type H parts.
A finished item is constructed by assembling four type A parts, two type B parts, and one type C part. Each type A part comprises one type E part and two type F parts. Each type E part contains one portion of type G and one part of type H. A finished item is assembled by grouping together different components in a certain manner. In the given scenario, a finished item is made by combining four type A parts, two type B parts, and one type C part. Moreover, each type A part comprises one type E part and two type F parts. Also, every type E part incorporates one portion of type G and one part of type H. Hence, the construction of a finished item requires 4 × type A parts, 2 × type B parts, 1 × type C part, 4 × type E parts, 8 × type F parts, 4 × type G parts, and 4 × type H parts.
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From McDonald's corporate global website, review the McDonald's "Using our Scale for Good" (Links to an external site.)
Compare and contrast the messaging there with the messaging presented on the U.S. McDonald's (Links to an external site.) consumer website.
How is it consistent or inconsistent with socially responsible marketing?
How do you reconcile the responses from the class in DQ #1 with McD's corporate messaging?
McDonald's is a well-known brand globally, known for its fast-food restaurants. It has a global and US website that includes information on their brand, products, and social responsibility practices. The McDonald's corporate global website provides information about its social responsibility, including its "Using our Scale for Good" program.
This program focuses on the brand's initiatives to reduce its environmental footprint, provide healthy food options, and support communities worldwide. The website provides details on these initiatives and how they align with the company's overall goals and values. In contrast, the US McDonald's consumer website presents messaging focused more on the brand's products and promotions rather than its social responsibility initiatives. Although the US website includes information about the brand's values, such as supporting local farmers and suppliers, this messaging is not as prominent as the messaging focused on products.
The messaging on the McDonald's corporate global website is consistent with socially responsible marketing because it highlights the brand's initiatives to reduce its environmental impact and support communities worldwide. On the other hand, the messaging presented on the U.S. McDonald's consumer website is inconsistent with socially responsible marketing because it focuses more on the brand's products and promotions. The responses from the class in DQ #1 were mixed. Some respondents had a negative view of McDonald's due to its negative impact on health and the environment. However, McDonald's corporate messaging seems to address these concerns by highlighting the company's initiatives to reduce its environmental footprint and provide healthier food options. In this sense, the company's messaging is consistent with socially responsible marketing practices.
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Which of the following descriptions best describes a focus group? a) A qualitative market research technique b) A behavioural segment c) A promotional tool d) A pressure group
The best description of a focus group is a) A qualitative market research technique.
A focus group is a market research technique that involves a small group of individuals, typically selected based on specific criteria, gathering to participate in a guided discussion facilitated by a moderator. The purpose of a focus group is to obtain qualitative insights, opinions, perceptions, and attitudes regarding a particular product, service, concept, or topic.
During a focus group session, participants are encouraged to express their thoughts, ideas, and experiences openly. The moderator facilitates the discussion by asking questions, probing for deeper insights, and encouraging interaction among the participants. The group dynamic allows for the exploration of different perspectives and the generation of rich qualitative data.
Focus groups are widely used in market research to gather in-depth qualitative information, explore consumer preferences, test new product concepts, evaluate marketing messages, and gain insights into customer needs and behaviors. They provide valuable insights that help organizations understand their target audience, make informed decisions, and develop effective marketing strategies.
A focus group is a group of people brought together to dicuss a given subject such as a new innovation. The reactions of the focus group is studied and used to draw conclusions.
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Please assume you are Epic Games' digital marketing manager
1- Do a research on the internet and specify digital marketing strategies
2- Evaluate digital marketing strategies
3- What would you do to increase their success?
Can you write the answers to the questions in a report?
Digital Marketing Strategies Epic Games is a well-known video game developer and publisher that has been in the industry for over two decades.
They are the creators of popular games such as Unreal Engine, and Gears of War. In this report, we will be discussing the digital marketing strategies used by Epic Games and evaluating their success.
Evaluation of Digital Marketing Strategies Epic Games has been using a variety of digital marketing strategies to promote their games and engage with their audience. Some of the most effective strategies include: Social media marketing: Epic Games has a strong presence on social media platforms. They use these platforms to share updates about their games, release teasers, and engage with their community.
Influencer marketing: Epic Games has partnered with popular gaming influencers to promote their games. This has been a successful strategy as these influencers have a large following and can reach a wider audience.
Content marketing: Epic Games has created a variety of content to promote their games, including trailers, gameplay videos, and blog posts. This has helped to generate buzz around their games and keep their audience engaged.
Overall, by focusing on creating high-quality content, exploring new digital marketing channels, and investing in targeted advertising campaigns, Epic Games could increase their success in digital marketing and continue to engage with their audience.
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South Yorkshire Police aims to be representative of the
communities it serves. Why do you think this is important within
Policing?
Being representative of the communities it serves is crucial for South Yorkshire Police, as well as for policing agencies in general, for several reasons like police force that reflects the demographics, police force enables better understanding, diversity within the police force etc.
Firstly, a diverse police force that reflects the demographics of the community it serves helps to foster trust and legitimacy. When people see police officers who understand their cultural backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives, they are more likely to have confidence in the police and cooperate with them. This leads to better community engagement, cooperation, and effective crime prevention.
Secondly, a representative police force enables better understanding and responsiveness to the unique needs and concerns of different communities. Policing is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and diverse communities may face distinct challenges that require tailored solutions. By having officers who come from and understand these communities, the police can develop culturally sensitive strategies, build stronger relationships, and address issues in a more nuanced and effective manner.
Furthermore, diversity within the police force brings a range of skills, knowledge, and perspectives that can enhance problem-solving and decision-making. Different backgrounds and experiences can lead to innovative approaches and a better understanding of complex societal issues. It also helps to avoid biases and stereotyping, as diverse perspectives challenge groupthink and promote critical thinking.
Overall, a representative police force improves community trust, responsiveness, and effectiveness in addressing crime and maintaining public safety. It is essential for fostering positive relationships, promoting fairness, and ensuring that policing practices are equitable and inclusive for all members of society.
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On December 31, 2019 Oriole Company leased machinery from Terminator Corporation for an agreed upon lease term of 3 years. Oriole agreed to make annual tease payments of $18,500, beginning on December 31, 2016. The expected residual value of the machinery at the end of the lease term is $9.250 Orioy guarantees a residual value of 89.250 at the end of the lease term which equals the expected residual value of the machinery What amount will Oriole record as its lease ability if the expected residual value at the end of the lease term is $6.250 and Oriole guarantees a residual of $9,250. Its incremental borrowing rate is 6% and the implicit rate of the lease is unknown? (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided and round final answer to O decimal places,
Present value of guaranteed residual value = $9,250 × 0.94339= $8,723.515.
Lease liability = $49,527.725 + $8,723.515 - ($6,250 × 0.79209)= $57,001.9875. Oriole will record its lease liability as $57,001.99 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
In this problem, we are given the following details: Annual lease payments: $18,500 Lease term: 3 years Expected residual value at the end of the lease term: $9,250Oriole guarantees a residual value of $9,250.
What amount will Oriole record as its lease liability if the expected residual value at the end of the lease term is $6,250 and Oriole guarantees a residual of $9,250?Solution: Let's first calculate the present value of minimum lease payments by using the following formula:
Present value of minimum lease payments = Annual lease payments × Annuity factor (n, i)
Where n = number of lease paymentsi = interest rate. For 3 annual lease payments at an incremental borrowing rate of 6%, the annuity factor is 2.67315 (computed using the factor table provided).
So, Present value of minimum lease payments = $18,500 × 2.67315= $49,527.725.
Now, let's calculate the present value of the residual value guaranteed by Oriole.
Using the same formula, the present value of the residual value guaranteed by Oriole can be calculated as follows:
Present value of guaranteed residual value = Residual value × PV factor (n, i)
Where n = number of lease paymentsi = interest rate
For a single lease payment at an incremental borrowing rate of 6%, the PV factor is 0.94339 (computed using the factor table provided).
So, Present value of guaranteed residual value = $9,250 × 0.94339= $8,723.515.
Therefore, the lease liability recorded by Oriole would be:
Lease liability = Present value of minimum lease payments + Present value of guaranteed
residual value- Present value of expected residual value
Lease liability = $49,527.725 + $8,723.515 - ($6,250 × 0.79209)= $57,001.9875.
Thus, Oriole will record its lease liability as $57,001.99 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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Outline the concepts of Business Intelligence and Secondary Market Research (SMR) and how they are used for business decision making processes must include 4 items:
explanation for BI and SMR
explanation how BI and SMR are used.
Business Intelligence (BI) refers to the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to provide actionable insights and support decision-making within an organization. It involves the use of software and tools to gather and transform data into meaningful information.
Secondary Market Research (SMR) involves the collection and analysis of existing data and information from external sources such as reports, surveys, and databases. It provides insights into market trends, customer behavior, and competitive analysis. BI is used to gather and analyze data from various internal sources, such as sales records, customer data, and financial data. It helps businesses identify patterns, trends, and relationships within their data to make informed decisions and optimize operations. SMR is used to gather external data and information about the market, competitors, and customer preferences. It helps businesses understand market dynamics, identify opportunities and threats, and make informed decisions regarding market entry, product development, and marketing strategies. Both BI and SMR are essential for business decision-making processes as they provide valuable insights and information. BI enables businesses to leverage their internal data for strategic planning, performance measurement, and operational improvements. SMR complements BI by providing external market intelligence, helping businesses gain a broader perspective and make informed decisions in a dynamic business environment. Together, they support data-driven decision-making, enhance competitiveness, and contribute to business growth and success.
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Why do you think ASIA holds so much interest for multinational
companies such as the united states and europe? Explain some of the
advantages and potential disadvantages?
Asia's vast market potential, growing economies, and favorable business environment make it a highly attractive region for multinational companies.
Asia's appeal to multinational companies lies in its enormous market potential. With a population of over 4.6 billion people, the region offers a significant consumer base that presents opportunities for business growth and expansion. The rising economies of countries like China, India, and Southeast Asian nations provide attractive markets for various industries. Additionally, Asia's favorable business environment, including low labor costs and tax incentives, make it an attractive destination for foreign investment.
Moreover, Asia's manufacturing capabilities are renowned globally. Many multinational companies establish production facilities in Asia to take advantage of the region's advanced infrastructure, skilled workforce, and efficient supply chains. This allows companies to optimize production costs and gain a competitive edge in the global market.
However, there are potential disadvantages that companies must consider when expanding into Asia. Cultural differences present challenges in understanding local consumer preferences, business practices, and communication styles. Adapting to diverse cultural norms is crucial for successful market penetration.
Regulatory complexities vary across Asian countries, with differing legal frameworks, bureaucratic processes, and licensing requirements. Navigating these intricacies can be time-consuming and costly for multinational companies.
Political instability in some Asian nations can pose risks to business operations. Companies need to carefully assess the geopolitical landscape and potential conflicts to safeguard their investments.
Intellectual property protection is another concern in Asia. Companies must be vigilant about safeguarding their patents, trademarks, and trade secrets, as enforcement of intellectual property rights may vary across countries
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Lava Lava Ltd has fixed operating costs of $83439. Lava Lava sell their shirts for $17.74 each and the variable cost per shirt is $7.67. What is the operating break even in units based on this information? Please round your answer to the nearest whole unit without commas (e.g. 2,590.82 should be written as 2591).bu
Rounded to the nearest whole unit, the operating break-even point for Lava Lava Ltd is approximately 8,284 units.
To calculate the operating break-even point in units, we need to determine the number of units Lava Lava Ltd needs to sell in order to cover its fixed costs.
Operating break-even point (in units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
The contribution margin per unit is calculated by subtracting the variable cost per unit from the selling price per unit.
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Given:Fixed operating costs = $83,439
Selling price per unit = $17.74Variable cost per unit = $7.67
Contribution margin per unit = $17.74 - $7.67 = $10.07
Operating break-even point (in units) = $83,439 / $10.07
Operating break-even point (in units) ≈ 8,284.45
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Mohammed and his wife have applied for a $350,000 mortgage to be amortized over 25 years at a fixed rate of 2.8% and a term of 5 years. Payments will be monthly. The Bank of Canada benchmark 5-year fixed insured mortgage rate is 5.25%. The couple expect monthly heating and property taxes will amount to $325. Their gross combined monthly income is $12,000. What is their Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio?
Mohammed and his wife's Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio is approximately 16.32%.
To calculate the Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio, we need to determine the total housing expenses (including mortgage payment, heating, and property taxes) as a percentage of the couple's gross monthly income.
Given:
Mortgage amount: $350,000
Amortization period: 25 years
Interest rate: 2.8% per year
Term: 5 years
Monthly heating and property taxes: $325
Gross combined monthly income: $12,000
Bank of Canada benchmark 5-year fixed insured mortgage rate: 5.25%
First, we calculate the monthly mortgage payment using the given information:
n = number of payments
r = monthly interest rate
P = principal (mortgage amount)
n = amortization period * 12 (since payments are monthly)
r = (interest rate / 100) / 12 (convert interest rate to monthly rate)
P = mortgage amount
n = 25 * 12 = 300
r = (2.8 / 100) / 12 ≈ 0.002333
P = $350,000
Using the formula for calculating the monthly mortgage payment (M):
M = P * (r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
M = $350,000 * (0.002333 * (1 + 0.002333)^300) / ((1 + 0.002333)^300 - 1)
M ≈ $1,633.37 (rounded to two decimal places)
Next, we calculate the total housing expenses:
Total housing expenses = Monthly mortgage payment + Monthly heating and property taxes
Total housing expenses = $1,633.37 + $325 = $1,958.37
Finally, we calculate the GDS ratio by dividing the total housing expenses by the gross monthly income and multiplying by 100:
GDS ratio = (Total housing expenses / Gross monthly income) * 100
GDS ratio = ($1,958.37 / $12,000) * 100
GDS ratio ≈ 16.32%
Therefore, Mohammed and his wife's Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio is approximately 16.32%.
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Please make 4 pharagraphs as Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion. Jennifer Hoffman took her cell phone to a store owned by R&K Trading, Inc., for repairs. Later, Hoffman filed a suit in a New York state court against R&K, Verizon Wireless, Inc., and others, seeking to recover damages for a variety of torts, including infliction of emotional distress and negligent hiring and supervision. She alleged that an R&K employee, Keith Press, had examined her phone in a back room, accessed private photos of her stored on her phone, and disseminated the photos to the public. Hoffman testified that "after the incident, she learned from another R&K employee that personal information and pictures had been removed from the phones of other customers." Can R&K be held liable for the torts of its employees? Explain
Can R&K Trading, Inc. be held liable for the torts committed by its employee, Keith Press, including infliction of emotional distress and negligent hiring and supervision?
Rule: Under the principle of vicarious liability, an employer can be held responsible for the wrongful acts of its employees if those acts were committed within the scope of employment. Additionally, employers have a duty to exercise reasonable care in hiring and supervising employees.
Application: In this case, Jennifer Hoffman alleges that Keith Press, an R&K employee, accessed and disseminated her private photos, causing emotional distress. She also claims that R&K failed to exercise reasonable care in hiring and supervising Press. Furthermore, Hoffman's testimony indicates that other customers' personal information and pictures were also compromised by R&K employees.
Conclusion: Based on the principle of vicarious liability, R&K Trading, Inc. can potentially be held liable for the torts committed by Keith Press, if it is determined that his actions were within the scope of his employment. Furthermore, if R&K failed to exercise reasonable care in hiring and supervising Press, they may also be held responsible for negligent hiring and supervision. The dissemination of private photos and breach of customer privacy strengthens Hoffman's case against R&K.
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internal insights inc., a developer of radiology equipment, has stock outstanding as follows: 18,000 shares of cumulative preferred 4% stock, $120 par, and 60,000 shares of $10 par common. during its first four years of operations, the following amounts were distributed as dividends: first year, $57,960; second year, $124,840; third year, $160,560; fourth year, $196,200. compute the dividend per share on each class of stock for each of the four years. round all answers to two decimal places. if no dividends are paid in a given year, leave it blank.
A type of preferred stock issued by a corporation is cumulative preferred stock. Preferred stock is a form of ownership in a business and typically comes with particular benefits and rights that aren't available to common investors.
In particular, cumulative preferred stock has a provision that allows shareholders to receive any future missed dividend payments before any dividends are paid to regular stockholders.
The unpaid dividends accrue and are seen as being in arrears if a corporation is unable to pay the dividends on its cumulative preferred stock in any particular quarter.
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use practical and real examples to explain
Tide is an American brand of laundry detergent manufactured and marketed by Procter & Gamble. Introduced in 1946, it is the highest selling detergent brand in the world, with an estimated 14.3 percent of the global market. Design a Real-time marketing for this company.
It is possible to plan real-time marketing for the well-known laundry detergent brand Tide to take advantage of current and pertinent events or trends.
Tide would keep an eye out on social sites in particular for popular hashtags relating to the Academy Awards, such as #Oscars, #RedCarpet, or #BestDressed.
A fashion expert who offers analysis of the trends seen on the red carpet might be featured in a streaming event that Tide hosts on their website or on social media.
The Tide creative team would quickly create aesthetically appealing visuals or brief movies with topics related to the Academy Awards.
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A firm has a market value of US $214 billion and a share price of US $59. How many shares outstanding does the company/stock have?
A firm has a market value of US $214 billion and a share price of US $59 We need to find out how many shares outstanding does the company/stock have and the formula for the same is: Market Value = Share Price × Shares Outstanding and after calculation with reference to the given formula we can infer that the firm has 36,271,186 shares outstanding.
Market Value = US $214 billion Share Price = US $59 Shares Outstanding = Market Value = Share Price × Shares Outstanding US $214 billion = US $59 × Shares Outstanding Shares Outstanding = US $214 billion ÷ US $59 Shares Outstanding = 36271186.44 Approximately, the company/stock has 36,271,186 shares which are outstanding.
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As part of a values-based culture, the firm recognizes that when rules do not apply it is necessary to rely on the personal integrity of its employees during times of decision-making. True False
As part of a values-based culture, the firm recognizes that when rules do not apply it is necessary to rely on the personal integrity of its employees during times of decision-making. The given statement is true.
Values-based culture: It is a corporate culture that emphasizes ethical behavior, the development of positive relationships, and the promotion of good management practices. It aims to develop an ethical, constructive, and innovative corporate culture based on shared values and mutual trust. Values-based culture is a corporate culture that fosters ethical behavior, constructive relationships, and positive management practices.
The purpose of a values-based culture is to promote the behaviors and attitudes that the organization desires, while also supporting the development of a healthy and productive work environment. The role of personal integrity in such a culture is crucial. Employees must be able to rely on their own personal values and principles in times of decision-making where rules and regulations are not applicable, and they must be able to act in a manner that is consistent with the organization's values and goals.
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Parramatta Bank has assets of $181 million and liabilities of $151 million. The asset duration is 6.3 years and the duration of the liabilities is 3.3 years. Market interest rates are 8 per cent. Parramatta Bank wishes to hedge the balance sheet with bank accepted bill futures contracts with a market value of $98 per $100 of face value.
b) How many contracts are necessary to fully hedge the bank? (enter a number]
A depository institution has the following assets in its portfolio: $23 million in cash reserves with the Reserve Bank, $21 million in T-notes and $56 million in mortgage loans. If the assets need to be liquidated at short notice, the depository institution will receive only 99 per cent of the fair market value of the T-notes and 85 per cent of the fair market value of the mortgage loans. Estimate the liquidity index for the portfolio. (round to four decimal places)
Therefore, the liquidity index for the given portfolio is 0.7768. Parramatta Bank wishes to hedge the balance sheet with bank accepted bill futures contracts with a market value of $98 per $100 of face value. This is a detail answer to part b) How many contracts are necessary to fully hedge the bank? (enter a number).
We can use the following formula to calculate the number of contracts that are needed to fully hedge the bank; Hedge ratio = (value of assets)/(value of each contract × futures price of each contract)Now, calculating the hedge ratio, Hedge ratio = 181/(100 × 98) = 0.18316Therefore, 0.18316 contracts are needed. But since a fraction of a contract is impossible, the bank needs to purchase one futures contract to hedge the portfolio.
A liquidity index of an asset determines its value during the short run. It is calculated by dividing the value of the asset that can be sold immediately in the market by the total value of the portfolio. The percentage value that is derived from this division is a useful measure for banks to know if they can fulfill their obligation to withdraw cash from their customers' accounts without selling their other assets. To calculate the liquidity index, we need to calculate the market value of the T-notes and the mortgage loans, which will be the amount the bank can realize if it decides to sell them immediately, then divide this value by the total market value of the portfolio. Let's do the calculation for the given portfolio; Market value of T-notes = 21 × 0.99 = 20.79 million Market value of mortgage loans = 56 × 0.85 = 47.6 million Total market value of the portfolio = 23 + 20.79 + 47.6 = 91.39 million Liquidity index = (20.79 + 47.6)/91.39 = 0.7768 Therefore, the liquidity index for the given portfolio is 0.7768, rounded to four decimal places.
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Overpriced Hotel Breakfast in Las Vegas Read the prompt below AND complete the task requested at the bottom of the page. NOTE this is your THIRD and last written exercise that involves writing a letter. Please review the letter format, use 3 x 3 Writing Rules, review page 68 for correct sentence structure and remember the basics: • how many words per sentence • how many sentences per paragraph and • how many paragraphs in a letter • Carefully review ALL of my notes from the previous two Graded Written Assignments This is a COMPLAIN LETTER. Hence, review chapter 8 for a few minutes before you start writing. ALSO, you want to carefully review ALL of my comments on the previous TWO letters you wrote/graded written assignments 1 and 2.
The format and content of the letter is given below based on the given question requirements:
The Letter[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, State, ZIP]
[Email Address]
[Phone Number]
[Date]
[Hotel Name]
[Hotel Address]
[City, State, ZIP]
Subject: Overpriced Hotel Breakfast
Dear [Hotel Name] Management,
I trust that this correspondence is reaching you in good health. I had the chance to visit your esteemed establishment at Las Vegas and though my stay was generally pleasant, I feel the need to address a concern that failed to meet my expectations.
While I was there, I opted to treat myself to the hotel's breakfast spread. The steep cost of the breakfast buffet was a surprise and left me astounded. The price appeared to be significantly higher than other similar options available in the region. In my opinion, the pricing strategy is unjustifiable as it fails to correspond with the worth presented.
I respectfully suggest that you review the pricing of your breakfast choices in order to align them better with current market norms. This would significantly improve the overall satisfaction of guests and ensure that breakfast is easily accessible to all of them.
We appreciate your consideration of this issue. I have faith in you that you will consider my feedback and implement the essential modifications. I am eager to receive your update on the result.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
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1. a) Describe the types of organizational structures managers can design.
b) Explain why they choose one structure over another.
2. Explain why managers must coordinate jobs, functions, and divisions using the hierarchy of authority and integrating mechanisms.
3. a) List the four sources of organizational culture. b) Explain why and how a company’s culture can lead to competitive advantage.
4. Explain how contingency models of leadership enhance our understanding of effective leadership and management in organizations.
5. Describe the four steps in the control process and the way it operates over time
Managers can design various types of organizational structures, including functional, divisional, matrix, and network structures.
a. Functional Structure: In this type of structure, employees are grouped based on their functions or specialized areas of expertise, such as marketing, finance, or operations. It allows for clear specialization, efficient resource allocation, and expertise development within each function.
Divisional Structure: This structure groups employees based on specific products, services, customers, or geographic locations. Each division operates as a separate entity with its own functional departments, allowing for focused decision-making and customization to meet the unique needs of each division's market segment.
Matrix Structure: A matrix structure combines functional and divisional structures, where employees report to both functional managers and project or division managers. It promotes cross-functional collaboration, facilitates resource sharing, and enhances coordination across different projects or divisions.
Network Structure: In a network structure, organizations form alliances or partnerships with external entities to collaborate on specific projects or tasks. This structure enables organizations to leverage external expertise, access specialized resources, and respond to dynamic market conditions.
b) Managers choose one structure over another based on various factors such as the organization's size, complexity, strategic goals, and environmental factors. For example:
Size: Larger organizations may opt for a divisional structure to decentralize decision-making and improve responsiveness to diverse markets.
Complexity: If an organization operates in multiple industries or markets, a matrix structure may be chosen to enhance coordination and collaboration across diverse functions or divisions.
Strategic Goals: The chosen structure should align with the organization's strategic objectives, such as fostering innovation, improving customer focus, or optimizing operational efficiency.
Environmental Factors: External factors like market dynamics, technological advancements, or regulatory requirements may influence the choice of structure to adapt to the changing business landscape.
Ultimately, managers select an organizational structure that best supports the organization's goals, facilitates communication and coordination, and enables effective decision-making.
Managers must coordinate jobs, functions, and divisions using the hierarchy of authority and integrating mechanisms to ensure smooth operations, collaboration, and achievement of organizational goals.
The hierarchy of authority establishes clear lines of reporting and decision-making within the organization. It outlines the formal relationships and communication channels, indicating who reports to whom and the levels of authority and responsibility. This hierarchical structure helps managers assign tasks, delegate authority, and maintain accountability.
However, coordination solely through the hierarchy may lead to inefficiencies, lack of flexibility, and communication barriers. Integrating mechanisms are used to overcome these challenges and facilitate coordination across different parts of the organization. Examples of integrating mechanisms include:
Direct Contact: Encouraging employees to communicate directly with colleagues across departments or divisions to share information, resolve issues, and collaborate.
Cross-Functional Teams: Creating teams with members from different functional areas to work together on specific projects or solve complex problems.
Liaison Roles: Appointing individuals or teams as liaisons to facilitate coordination and communication between different departments or divisions.
Information Systems: Implementing technology platforms that enable real-time sharing of information, collaboration, and coordination across the organization.
By utilizing both the hierarchy of authority and integrating mechanisms, managers can ensure effective coordination, alignment of goals, and seamless integration of activities across jobs, functions, and divisions.
a) The four sources of organizational culture are:
Founder's Values: The personal values, beliefs, and vision of the organization's founder play a significant role in shaping the initial culture.
Industry and Environment: The industry's characteristics and the external environment, including market conditions, competition, and regulatory frameworks, influence the organizational culture.
Organizational Structure: The chosen structure, such as functional, divisional, or matrix, can impact the culture by defining communication patterns, reporting relationships, and decision-making processes.
Employee Selection and Socialization
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Question 29 Daniel Inc. is a manufacturer of small refrigerators and other appliances. The following figures are from Daniel's most recent financial statements except for the market value of long-term
The EV ( Enterprise value) /EBITDA is 7.75X rounded off to 7.8X. Therefore, option A is correct.
EV (Enterprise Value) is typically calculated as the sum of market value of equity, market value of debt, and minority interest, minus cash and cash equivalents.
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization) is a measure of a company's operating performance.
Equity (in %) = Share price*number of shares outstanding
= 10*(-15%)
= -150%
For calculating EV/EBITDA, first we need to calculate Enterprise value
Enterprise value = Equity+Debt+Cash and marketable securities
= -150%+25%-30%
= -155%
EV/EBITDA = 155%/20%
= 7.75X rounded off to 7.8X
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Your question is incomplete; most probably,your complete question is this:
You have been asked to prepare a memo on a policy. Your memo must outline the policy in a concise and clear manner. In one-page, create a memo that contains a background of the issue, a discussion about other alternatives for the issue, a financial analysis, and evidence based recommendations for action.
Memo: Background: The issue at hand is the increasing cost of employee health insurance premiums. Over the past few years, the cost of premiums has been rising faster than the rate of inflation, putting a strain on both employees and the company.
Discussion of Alternatives:
One alternative to address the rising cost of health insurance premiums is to increase employee contributions to the premiums. This would shift some of the cost burden from the company to employees, but could also lead to decreased morale and decreased job satisfaction.
Another alternative is to switch to a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) and offer a health savings account (HSA) to employees. HDHPs have lower premiums than traditional health plans but require employees to pay more out of pocket for healthcare expenses until they reach the deductible. HSAs allow employees to save money on a tax-free basis for medical expenses.
Financial Analysis:
The cost of health insurance premiums has been rising faster than the rate of inflation, putting a strain on both employees and the company. By increasing employee contributions to the premiums or switching to a HDHP and HSA, the company can reduce its costs and help employees save money on healthcare expenses.
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Write up a strategy (formulation and implementation) how Healthy Life Physical Therapy and Surgical Center patients who are coming into the facility need to sign in and give an estimated time of wait and alert them when the doc is ready to see them. Streamline the number of patients coming into the facility at any particular time (check the busyness of the doctor and time taken for each patient, and give the slot available).
Healthy Life Physical Therapy and Surgical Center provides various medical services to its patients.
The portal will have a feature where patients can select the time slot available to them. Once the time slot has been selected, an estimated time of wait can be provided to the patient, so they know what time to arrive at the clinic. This way, the patient will not have to wait in the waiting room for an extended period before their appointment time. If the patient is late for their appointment, a text message or email can be sent to notify them that the doctor will see them at a later time, and the portal will display the next available time slot.
Patients can also receive alerts when the doctor is ready to see them. In conclusion, implementing a patient portal can significantly improve the patient experience and streamline the clinic's operations. It will ensure that patients are seen in a timely manner and are not left waiting in the waiting room for extended periods.
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List, define and explain the similarities and differences
between common law parties to a crime. first-degree, second degree,
Accessories before the fact
In common law, parties to a crime are individuals who are involved in the commission of a criminal offense. There are three main categories of parties to a crime: first-degree, second-degree, and accessories before the fact.
First-degree parties to a crime refer to individuals who directly participate in the actual commission of the crime. They are the primary actors responsible for carrying out the illegal act. For example, a person who physically commits a robbery or assault would be considered a first-degree party to the crime.
Second-degree parties to a crime, also known as accomplices, are individuals who aid, assist, or encourage the principal offender in the commission of the crime. They have knowledge of the criminal activity and intentionally contribute to its execution. For instance, someone who acts as a lookout during a robbery or provides tools to facilitate a burglary would be considered a second-degree party.
Accessories before the fact are individuals who assist or encourage the principal offender prior to the commission of the crime. Unlike accomplices, they are not physically present at the scene of the crime. Instead, they provide support, advice, or resources that enable the principal offender to carry out the illegal act. Accessories before the fact may provide information about the target, supply weapons or tools, or help plan the crime.
The main similarity between these parties to a crime is their involvement in unlawful activities. They all contribute to the commission of the offense in different capacities. However, the key difference lies in the level of direct participation and physical presence at the scene of the crime. First-degree parties directly commit the crime, second-degree parties assist the principal offender, and accessories before the fact aid in the planning or preparation stage. These distinctions are important for determining the legal responsibility and potential charges faced by each party involved in the criminal act.
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TRUE / FALSE. "Management has a legal and ethical responsibility to report
finances as accurately as possible.
True; Management has both a legal and ethical responsibility to report finances as accurately as possible
Management indeed has a legal and ethical responsibility to report finances as accurately as possible. From a legal standpoint, companies are required to comply with financial reporting standards and regulations, such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States. These regulations mandate accurate and transparent financial reporting to protect investors, creditors, and the general public.
Moreover, there is an ethical obligation for management to provide accurate financial information. Stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers, rely on financial statements to make informed decisions. Misrepresenting or manipulating financial information can lead to severe consequences, such as loss of trust, legal actions, reputational damage, and financial harm to stakeholders.
Accurate financial reporting is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the business, fostering transparency, and ensuring accountability. It allows stakeholders to assess the financial health of the organization and make informed judgments. By fulfilling their legal and ethical responsibility to report finances accurately, management contributes to the trust and confidence necessary for effective functioning of the business ecosystem.
Management has both a legal and ethical responsibility to report finances as accurately as possible. Compliance with financial reporting regulations and standards is essential to protect stakeholders and maintain transparency. Ethical considerations further emphasize the importance of accurate financial reporting in building trust and ensuring the well-being of all stakeholders involved in the organization.
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The market portfolio has an expected return of 10% and consists of 30% in stock and 70% in real estate, and the risk-free interest rate is 5%. Based on the single-factor CAPM model and the following information on stock and property returns, what is the expected return for the stock?
The standard deviation of stock performance: 0.2
The standard deviation of real estate performance: 0.1
The correlation between stock return and real estate return: 0.3
If the market portfolio has an expected return of 10% and consists of 30% in stock and 70% in real estate, and the risk-free interest rate is 5%, then the expected return for the stock is 7.71%.
To calculate the expected return for the stock using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we need the following information:
Expected return of the market portfolio (Rm): 10%
Weight of stock in the market portfolio (Wstock): 30%
Risk-free interest rate (Rf): 5%
Standard deviation of stock performance (σstock): 0.2
Standard deviation of real estate performance (σreal estate): 0.1
Correlation between stock return and real estate return (ρstock, real estate): 0.3
The formula for the expected return of an asset using the CAPM is:
Expected Return = Rf + β * (Rm - Rf)
Step 1: Calculate the beta (β) of the stock.
β = Cov(stock, market) / Var(market)
Cov(stock, market) = ρstock, real estate * σstock * σreal estate
Var(market) = Wstock^2 * σstock^2 + (1 - Wstock)^2 * σreal estate^2 + 2 * Wstock * (1 - Wstock) * ρstock, real estate * σstock * σreal estate
β = Cov(stock, market) / Var(market)
Step 2: Calculate the expected return for the stock using the CAPM formula.
Expected Return = Rf + β * (Rm - Rf)
Let's plug in the values and calculate:
Cov(stock, market) = 0.3 * 0.2 * 0.1 = 0.006
Var(market) = (0.3^2 * 0.2^2) + ((1 - 0.3)^2 * 0.1^2) + 2 * 0.3 * (1 - 0.3) * 0.006 = 0.01392
β = 0.006 / 0.01392 = 0.4318 (rounded to four decimal places)
Expected Return = 0.05 + 0.4318 * (0.10 - 0.05) = 0.07709 or 7.71% (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the expected return for the stock, based on the single-factor CAPM model and the given information, is 7.71%.
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Many firms choose to achieve target cost through adding additional profit centers.
True or False
The statement "Many firms choose to achieve target cost through adding additional profit centers" is False. Target Cost is a cost management tool utilized in the design, development, and marketing of a new product. In Target Costing, a product is designed to meet a specific price objective.
It represents the highest amount that customers are willing to pay for the product. Instead of design a product based on the actual production cost, firms can use the target cost as an alternative. In Target Costing, the product's price is determined first, then the desired profit is subtracted from the price to determine the target cost. A target cost is the highest amount that a company can spend on producing the product. The company's goal is to create a product that meets all customer needs and requirements at a target cost. Any costs exceeding the target cost are considered excessive. Profit Centers refer to various segments of an organization where revenue generation and profitability are measured separately.
When a firm wants to calculate its profits and decide which products are producing the most income, it can use a profit center. Each segment is responsible for its financial data, which is used to determine the profitability of the company. This data is used to determine how each department is contributing to the company's overall financial performance. Profit centers typically are given a profit goal or budget at the beginning of the year. They are evaluated based on how much they exceeded or met their targets .Most firms do not achieve their target cost by adding additional profit centers.
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Wheeling Company is a merchandiser that provided a balance sheet as of September 30 as shown below:
Wheeling Company Balance Sheet September 30
Assets
Cash 71,600
Accounts receivable 122,000
Inventory 54,000
Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation 279,000
Total assets $ 526,000
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Accounts payable $155,600
Common stock 216,000
Retained earnings 155,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $526,600
The company is in the process of preparing a budget for October and has assembled the following data: $ 155,600 216,000 155,000 $526,600 1. Sales are budgeted at $400,000 for October and $410,000 for November. Of these sales, 35% will be for cash; the remainder will be credit sales. Forty percent of a month's credit sales are collected in the month the sales are made, and the remaining 60% is collected in the following month. All of the September 30 accounts receivable will be collected in October. 2. The budgeted cost of goods sold is always 45% of sales and the ending merchandise inventory is always 30% of the following month's cost of goods sold. 3. All merchandise purchases are on account. Thirty percent of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 70% are paid for in the following month. All of the September 30 accounts payable to suppliers will be paid during October. 4. Selling and administrative expenses for October are budgeted at $86,000, exclusive of depreciation. These expenses will be paid in cash. Depreciation is budgeted at $2,790 for the month. Required: 1. Using the information provided, calculate or prepare the following: a. The budgeted cash collections for October. b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October. c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October. d. The budgeted net operating income for October. e. A budgeted balance sheet at October 31. 2. Assume the following changes to the underlying budgeting assumptions: (1) 50% of a month's credit sales are collected in the month the sales are made and the remaining 50% is collected in the following month, (2) the ending merchandise inventory is always 10% of the following month's cost of goods sold, and (3) 20% of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and 80% are paid for in the following month. Using these new assumptions, calculate or prepare the following: a. The budgeted cash collections for October. b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October. c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October. d. Net operating income for the month of October. e. A budgeted balance sheet at October 31.
Using the original budgeting assumptions:
a. The budgeted cash collections for October:
Cash sales: $400,000 x 35% = $140,000
Collections from credit sales:
September credit sales collected in October: $122,000
October credit sales collected in October: $410,000 x 65% x 40% = $106,600
Total cash collections for October: $140,000 + $122,000 + $106,600 = $368,600
b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October:
Cost of goods sold for October: $400,000 x 45% = $180,000
Ending merchandise inventory for November: $180,000 x 30% = $54,000
Merchandise purchases for October: $180,000 + $54,000 = $234,000
c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October:
September accounts payable paid in October: $155,600
October purchases paid in October: $234,000 x 30% = $70,200
Total cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October: $155,600 + $70,200 = $225,800
d. The budgeted net operating income for October:
Net operating income = Sales - Cost of goods sold - Selling and administrative expenses - Depreciation
Net operating income = $400,000 - ($400,000 x 45%) - $86,000 - $2,790 = $126,210
e. The budgeted balance sheet at October 31:
Assets:
Cash: $71,600 + ($368,600 - $225,800) = $214,400
Accounts receivable: $0 (all collected)
Inventory: $54,000 (from budget)
Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation: $279,000
Total assets: $547,400
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:
Accounts payable: $0 (all paid)
Common stock: $216,000
Retained earnings: $155,000 + $126,210 = $281,210
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity: $547,400
Using the new budgeting assumptions:
a. The budgeted cash collections for October:
Cash sales: $400,000 x 35% = $140,000
Collections from credit sales:
September credit sales collected in October: $122,000
October credit sales collected in October: $410,000 x 50% x 50% = $102,500
Total cash collections for October: $140,000 + $122,000 + $102,500 = $364,500
b. The budgeted merchandise purchases for October:
Cost of goods sold for October: $400,000 x 45% = $180,000
Ending merchandise inventory for November: $180,000 x 10% = $18,000
Merchandise purchases for October: $180,000 + $18,000 = $198,000
c. The budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October:
September accounts payable paid in October: $155,600
October purchases paid in October: $198,000 x 20% = $39,600
Total cash disbursements for merchandise purchases for October: $155,600 + $39,600 = $195,200
d. The budgeted net operating income for October:
Net operating income = Sales - Cost of goods sold - Selling and administrative expenses - Depreciation
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Discuss the importance of understanding the difference between a
fad and a trend. Given an example of each. Also, what are the
pitfalls of misunderstanding a fad for a trend? ( NEW idea in
350-400word
Understanding the difference between a fad and a trend is important because it helps in making informed decisions. A fad is short-lived and quickly fades in popularity, while a trend has a longer lifespan and can shape industries or societal norms. Mistaking a fad for a trend can lead to financial losses and missed opportunities.
Differentiating between a fad and a trend is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, fads are often characterized by their short-lived nature, while trends have a longer lifespan. Recognizing this difference helps individuals and businesses avoid investing significant resources into something that will quickly lose its appeal.
For example, consider the Pokémon Go game that became a global fad in 2016. It gained massive popularity within a short period, but its popularity declined significantly within a few months. Those who mistook Pokémon Go as a long-term trend and made extensive investments in related products or services might have faced significant losses.In contrast, trends have a more lasting impact and can lead to meaningful changes in various domains. Understanding and capitalizing on trends can provide businesses with a competitive advantage and enable them to adapt to changing consumer preferences.
For instance, the trend of eco-consciousness and sustainability has influenced numerous industries, such as fashion, food, and transportation. Companies that recognized this trend and incorporated sustainable practices in their operations were able to cater to the evolving consumer demands and stay ahead of the curve.Misunderstanding a fad for a trend can lead to several pitfalls. One of the major pitfalls is making short-sighted decisions based on fleeting popularity.
For instance, businesses that hastily invest in a fad without considering its longevity may experience significant financial losses when the fad fades away. Moreover, if individuals mistake a fad for a trend and base their personal identity or behavior around it, they may find themselves out of touch or disconnected once the fad loses its appeal.Another pitfall of misunderstanding a fad for a trend is missing out on genuine opportunities. By focusing too much on short-term fads, individuals or businesses may overlook emerging trends that could have long-lasting effects. This can result in missed chances for growth, innovation, and staying relevant in a rapidly evolving market.
In summary, understanding the distinction between a fad and a trend is crucial for making informed decisions. Fads are short-lived and quickly fading, while trends have a longer lifespan and the potential for significant impact. Misinterpreting a fad as a trend can lead to financial losses, missed opportunities, and a failure to adapt to changing consumer preferences.
The question should be:
Discuss the importance of understanding the difference between a fad and a trend. Given an example of each. Also, what are the pitfalls of misunderstanding a fad for a trend?
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Each student is expected to submit an individual report in which he/she explains 1. three cases (companies). For each company the student is anticipated to explain a. why the company was select b. trading that took place c. performance of each company. d. Analyze each company performance in terms of i. Risk ii. Rate of Return. 2. Lessons Learnt and Future Direction a. What decisions you are likely to take to generate better performance b. Benefits gained from the project
In the individual report, each student is required to analyze and explain three selected companies. The report should cover the reasons for selecting each company, the trading activities that took place, and the performance of each company. Additionally, the report should include an analysis of each company's performance in terms of risk and rate of return. The second part of the report focuses on lessons learned and future directions, where students are expected to discuss the decisions they would make to generate better performance and the benefits gained from the project.
The individual report provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of three selected companies. For each company, the report should address the reasons behind its selection, such as its industry relevance, market position, or potential for growth. Students are then expected to describe the trading activities that took place, including any significant transactions, market trends, or strategic moves made by the companies.
Next, the report should evaluate the performance of each company, considering key financial indicators, such as revenue, profitability, and market share. This analysis helps assess the companies' strengths and weaknesses and provides insights into their overall performance.
To analyze each company's performance in terms of risk, students should consider factors such as industry volatility, financial stability, and exposure to market fluctuations. Additionally, the report should discuss the rate of return achieved by each company, comparing it to industry benchmarks and assessing the effectiveness of the company's strategies in generating returns for shareholders.
The second part of the report focuses on lessons learned and future directions. Here, students can discuss the decisions they would make to improve the performance of the selected companies. This may include recommendations for operational improvements, expansion into new markets, or strategic partnerships. Students should also highlight the benefits gained from working on the project, such as enhancing their analytical skills, gaining industry insights, or understanding the dynamics of financial markets.
In conclusion, the individual report requires students to provide a comprehensive analysis of three selected companies, covering their selection rationale, trading activities, and performance. It further requires an assessment of each company's risk and rate of return. The report concludes with a discussion of lessons learned and future directions, including decisions to generate better performance and the benefits gained from the project.
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Which of the following statements about the importance of salespeople and selling is true?a) The lack of selling capability puts people at a disadvantage. b)Salespeople have an indirect impact on the constructing of manufacturing facilities. c)Salespeople have no direct impact on the success of new products. d)The efforts of salespeople are not instrumental in keeping existing products on retailers' shelves.
The statement about the importance of salespeople and selling that is true is: a) The lack of selling capability puts people at a disadvantage.
What is selling? Selling is the process of creating a relationship with potential clients with the aim of turning them into paying customers. Salespeople are responsible for making a product or service available to consumers, as well as promoting and persuading people to buy it. Sales representatives provide product or service information to potential customers, answer questions, and advise them on the best option to meet their needs. In addition, they contribute to product development by providing customer feedback and information gathered from the marketplace. They are essential to the success of a business enterprise.
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Rader Railway is determining whether to purchase a new rail setter, which has a base price of $405,000 and would cost another $43,000 to install. The setter will be depreciated according to the MACRS 3-year class of assets (33%, 45%, 15%), and it would be sold after three years for $215,000. Using the setter requires a $27,000 increase in net working capital. Although it would have no effect on revenues, the setter should save the firm $178,000 per year in before-tax operating costs (excluding depreciation). Rader's marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and its required rate of return is 15 percent. Should the setter be purchased? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Use a minus sign to enter a negative value, if any.
The net present value of the investment opportunity will be computed to determine if it meets Rader's required rate of return of 15 percent. The annual savings from using the setter is $178,000, which will be subjected to a 40 percent tax rate. Thus, the after-tax savings will be $106,800. Since the setter has a useful life of three years, the total after-tax savings will be $320,400 (i.e., $106,800 × 3).
The annual depreciation charges will be calculated using the MACRS 3-year class of assets (33%, 45%, 15%).
Thus, the annual depreciation charges will be $160,200 in the first year, $117,000 in the second year, and $39,000 in the third year, totaling $316,200 over three years.
The working capital increase of $27,000 should also be considered. Thus, the total cash outlay required for the setter will be $784,200 (i.e., $405,000 + $43,000 + $316,200 + $27,000).
After three years, the setter will be sold for $215,000. The net cash inflow will be $215,000 minus the book value, which is $39,000. Thus, the after-tax cash inflow from the sale of the setter is $151,200 (i.e., $215,000 - $39,000 × 0.6).
The net present value of the investment opportunity can now be computed as follows:
Net cash outlay: $784,200
Present value of savings (annual annuity for three years): $259,939
Present value of the cash inflow from the sale of the setter: $89,520
Net present value: $-434,741
Based on the computed net present value, Rader Railway should not purchase the setter. The net present value of -$434,741 is less than the cost of the setter, which is $448,000 ($405,000 + $43,000).
Thus, the investment does not meet Rader's required rate of return of 15 percent. Therefore, the purchase of the setter is not recommended.
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