You are a financial advisor helping a young family create a college fund to provide for their daughter Mary’s education. Mary just turned 5. Her parents expect that she will go to Harvard University, starting school on her 18th birthday. She will only take four years to complete her degree. Currently, tuition and housing costs total $65,000 per year, which are paid at the beginning of each school year. These expenses are expected to increase at the rate of inflation which will run 4% annually for the next 25 years. In each year until Mary enters Harvard University, Mary’s parents will make a deposit into the college fund to exactly provide for all of the costs of her education when she enters college (the first deposit will be made one year from today). Since her parents expect their income to grow at the rate of 2% annually, they would like the amount that they put each year into the fund to increase in nominal terms at the rate of 2% annually. Mary’s parents can earn a rate of 10% annually on their investments and they face a 30% tax rate.
A. What do you expect tuition and housing to cost during Mary’s first year at Harvard University?
B. How much must be in the savings account on Mary’s 18th birthday after the last deposit has been made but before the first payment to Harvard University?
C. What should be the amount of the first payment?
D. Alternatively, Mary’s parents could open a 529 account that allows college savings to grow tax-free. If they saved in this account rather than in a normal investment fund, and still earned the same pre-tax return, how much should be their first deposit?

Answer:

a. Tuition and housing costs today = $65,000 per year

Inflation rate = 4%

Tuition and housing costs in 13 years = 65,000 * (1 + 0.04)^13

Tuition and housing costs in 13 years = $108,229.78

b. Amount to be in the savings account can be calculated using the present value of a growing annuity due formula

After tax rate of return = 10 * (1 - 0.3) = 7%, Growth rate = 4%, Number of year = 4

PV = P x (1 + r) * [1 - (1 + g)^n * (1 + r)^-n] / (r - g)

PV = 108,229.78 * (1 + 0.07) * [1 - (1 + 0.04)^4 * (1 + 0.07)^-4] / (0.07 - 0.04)

PV = $415,050.16

c. Amount of the first payment can be calculated using FV of a growing annuity

FV = $415,050.16, Number of years = 13, Growth rate = 2%, Rate of return = 10%

FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - (1 + g)^n] / (r - g)

415,050.16 = P * [(1 + 0.07)^13 - (1 + 0.02)^13] / (0.07 - 0.02)

P = $18,591.47

d. If the investments are tax free, the rate of return = 10%

Amount to be in the savings account = PV = P * (1 + r) * [1 - (1 + g)^n * (1 + r)^-n] / (r - g)

= 108,229.78 * (1 + 0.1) * [1 - (1 + 0.04)^4 * (1 + 0.1)^-4] / (0.1 - 0.04)

= $398,768.92

FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - (1 + g)^n] / (r - g)

398,768.92 = P * [(1 + 0.1)^13 - (1 + 0.02)^13] / (0.1 - 0.02)

P = $14,778.36

Whats the difference between a debit card and a credit card ? ( PLEASE GIVE LARGE EXPLANATION )

There are two steps for XYZ bakery to make their bread. One is to prepare the dough and bake the loaves, and the other one is to package the loaves. Bread is made in batches of 50 loaves per hour and it will take 20 minutes to place the 50 loaves in bags.
a. What is the utilization for the packaging?

b. What do you need to do to make the capacities to be roughly equal?

Discuss
any
four ways in which Specialization has
improved the economic development of Nigeria.​

White Diamond Flour Company manufactures flour by a series of three processes, beginning with wheat grain being introduced in the Milling Department. From the Milling Department, the materials pass through the Sifting and Packaging departments, emerging as packaged refined flour.
The balance in the account Work in Process-Sifting Department was as follows on July 1:
Work in Process-Sifting Department
(900 units, 3/5 completed):
Direct materials (900 × $2.05) $1,845
Conversion (900 × 3/5 × $0.40) 216
$2,061
The following costs were charged to Work in Process-Sifting Department during July:
Direct materials transferred from Milling Department:
15,700 units at $2.15 a unit $33,755
Direct labor 4,420
Factory overhead 2,708
During July, 15,500 units of flour were completed. Work in Process-Sifting Department on July 31 was 1,100 units, 4/5 completed.
Required:
1. Prepare a cost of production report for the Sifting Department for July. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Round your cost per unit answers to the nearest cent.
2. Journalize the entries for costs transferred from Milling to Sifting and the costs transferred from Sifting to Packaging. Refer to the chart of accounts for the exact wording of the account titles. CNOW journals do not use lines for spaces or journal explanations. Every line on a journal page is used for debit or credit entries. Do not add explanations or skip a line between journal entries. CNOW journals will automatically indent a credit entry when a credit amount is entered. Use the date July 31 for all journal entries.
3. Determine the increase or decrease in the cost per equivalent unit from June to July for direct materials and conversion costs. Round your answers to the nearest cent.
4. Discuss the uses of the cost of production report and the results of part (3)

High Country Builders currently pays an annual dividend of $1.35 and plans on increasing that amount by 2.5 percent each year. Valley High Builders currently pays an annual dividend of $1.20 and plans on increasing its dividend by 3 percent annually. Given this information, you know for certain that the stock of High Country Builders' has a higher ______ than the stock of Valley High Builders.

Transactions for the Sheldon Cooper Company, which provides welding services, for the month of June are presented as follows.

June
1 Sheldon Cooper invests $4,000 cash in exchange for shares of common stock in a small welding business.
2 Purchases equipment on account for $1,200. 3 Pays $800 cash to landlord for June rent.
12 Bills P. Leonard $300 after completing welding work done on account.

Required:
Identify the accounts to be debited and credited for each transaction.

A total of $50,000 is borrowed and repaid with 60 monthly payments, with the fi rst payment occurring one month after receipt of the $50,000. The stated interest rate is 6% compounded monthly. What monthly payment should be made