This is the complete question
A. Recombination frequencies cannot exceed 50% and asymptotically approach 50% as the distance between genes increases because only one crossover can occur per chromosome. B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. C.Loci that are far apart on a chromosome often recombine to produce combinations of alleles that result in a lethal phenotype and such recombinants are not recovered or identified. D. Loci that are far apart on a chromosome are often susceptible to a form of chromatic interference that results in reduced crossing over, and this interference does not occur for loci that are closer together. E. If two crossovers occur between two loci, then only nonrecombinant gametes are produced; therefore, recombination frequencies actually begin to decrease for more distant pairs of genes.
As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. Thus, option "B" is correct.
How, explain your answer briefly?When calculating recombination frequencies, and hence, map distances, we might notice that these distances are not completely additive. They might vary. For example, let us say that we have three genes, A, B, and C, in that order. We calculated that the distance between A and B equals 5.9 MU and that B and C are 19.5 MU apart. According to this, we might say that the total distance between A and C is 25.4 MU (5.9 + 19.5). However, after a two-point calculation between A and C, the value equals 23.7 MU.
The recombination frequency between these two genes located in the extremes and far apart underestimates the actual genetic distances between them because there might occur other crossing-overs that were not detected. This is when calculating the distance between A and C, we probably will not detect the occurrence of a double recombinant between them, and hence, we might sub-estimate the real distance.
The relationship between the actual map distance (number of crossing overs) and the recombination frequency between two loci, is not lineal. The farther apart are the two genes, the worse is the distance estimation.
Thus, option "B" is correct.
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Suppose an mRNA consists of 60 nucleotides; it directs a primary polypeptide chain containing __________ amino acids to be synthesized.A)18B)30C)10
Answer:18
Explanation: gilr i got grade results too
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called:.
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called microvilli.
What is microscopic folds?Microscopic folds are those fold that are found above an epithelial cell of an organ where maximum absorption takes place.
These microscopic folds have increased surface areas and a typical example is the microvilli of the small intestine.
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Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called Microvilli.
What is Microvilli?Microvilli are cellular membrane protrusions that improve diffusion surface area while minimizing volume increase than can be seen through a microscope. Plasma membrane covers microvilli, enclosing cytoplasm and microfilaments (the main structure is given by the actin filaments).
In the gastrointestinal system, microvilli serve as the major surface for nutrition absorption. The microvillar membrane is filled with enzymes that help in the breakdown of complicated nutrients into simpler molecules that are more easily absorbed because of its critical role.
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An owl,
grasshopper, grass plant, and shrew are all part of the same food chain.
1. Describe what a food chain represents.
2. What would be the order of these organisms in a food chain?
3. Which organism is the producer? Explain.
4. Which organism is a tertiary consumer? Explain.
Number your answers in your response below.
The food chain represents the linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy gets transferred from one trophic level of the organism to another.
What is the Trophic level?In a food chain, the trophic level may be characterized as the hierarchical series that is illustrated by organisms that are the exact number of steps extracted from the primary producers.
The order of the food chain is:
Grass plants → Grasshopper → Shrew → Owl.
The grass plant is a producer in this food chain, a grasshopper is a herbivore (primary consumer), the shrew is a carnivore (secondary consumer), and an owl is an omnivore (tertiary consumer).
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Which type of scientific statement is defined as "a possible explanation or answer to a scientific question that is based on
prior knowledge or research and is testable"?
hypothesis
O theory
O law
O probability
During which phase of the cell cycle is a cell's DNA copied?
A. R phase
B. Prophase
C. Interphase
M. M phase
Answer:
Interphase
Explanation:
Answer:b
Explanation:because it is the best answer
meat, fruits, and vegetables could be contaminated withe. colistrains toxic to humans when they come in contact with animal ____
Meat, fruits, and vegetables could be contaminated withe. colistrains toxic to humans when they come in contact with animal feces, urine and blood.
What is contamination?Contamination us the process in which food materials, water or pure substances become impure or infected when it come in contact with impurities or microorganisms waste products.
Therefore, Meat, fruits, and vegetables could be contaminated withe. colistrains toxic to humans when they come in contact with animal feces, urine and blood.
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The sympathetic nervous system a. is always excitatory for smooth muscle b. innervates only tissues concerned with protecting the body against challenges from the outside environment c. dominates in rest-and-digest situations d. contains cholinergic and adrenergic fibers e. a and d
The sympathetic nervous system innervates only tissues concerned with protecting the body against challenges from the outside environment.
What is the importance of sympathetic nervous system?The sympathetic nervous system orders the body to quick involuntary response to stressful situations. A specific hormones boosts the body's alertness and heart rate in order to send extra blood to the muscles.
So we can conclude that the sympathetic nervous system innervates only tissues concerned with protecting the body against challenges from the outside environment.
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which of the following is a component of rna but not a component of dna
1. ribose
2. deoxyribose
3. phosphate group
4. Nitrogen bases A C T G
Answer:
1. Ribose
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When you become too cold, your hypothalamus will signal what parts of your body to raise the temperature?
A. Kidneys and lungs
The hypothalamus notices a decrease in body temperature, it sends signals to muscles and skin.
How does the hypothalamus work?Human performance is best when their body temperature is 37 ° C or 98.6° F. The equilibrium of temperature (Homeostasis) is disrupted whenever body temperature rises or increases.Together, the body's organ systems try to sustain homeostasis instinctively and cognitively. They adapt naturally to fluctuations in their external surroundings in order to keep the internal atmosphere at the best possible conditions for wellness.The brain region known as the hypothalamus is responsible for preserving the body's internal equilibrium. It is the area of the brain that keeps track of processes including body temperature, appetite, and the release of different hormones.The hypothalamus is the first organ to notice a decline in body temperature so that homeostasis can be maintained. The message is sent to the muscles and skin, which causes one to tense up and shiver as the blood vessels under the skin tighten.Therefore, it is concluded that when we feel too cold muscles and skin work to raise the temperature directed by the hypothalamus.
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High population densities in urban areas have advantages and disadvantages. List as many of each as you can and defend your conclusion. How could the disadvantages be eliminated or reduced? Use evidence to support your conclusion.
Answer:
A larger population density will help reduce the average costs of the transport network. Areas of high population density have not seen the food shortages because of improved yields from agriculture and the ability to trade food. Economic growth will be comparatively more than low density area.
Validity of an experiment is based upon:
A. Using a control group.
B. Performing a fair test in which only the independent variable affects the dependent variable.
OC. Using multiple independent variables.
D. Performing a fair test, in which only the dependent variable affects the independent variable.
A
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tv
Answer:
performing a fair test, in which only the dependent variable affects the independent variable
What do excitatory neurotransmitters cause ?
Exitatory neurotrasmitter excite the postsynaptic memebrane by increasing the action potential effects. They allow the messages passage from one cell to the other.
What do excitatory neurotransmitters cause?
Neurotransmitters might be either excitatory or inhibitory.
As the term suggests, excitatory neurotransmitters are in charge of exciting the postsynaptic cell.
Once the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane, it travels through the synaptic space until it reaches the postsynaptic membrane.
When the molecule meets its receptor, it triggers a series of events that excite the receiving neuron increasing the action potential effects and allowing messages to be passed from one cell to the other.
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Bacterial smears are fixed with
a. water
b. bunsen burner
c. none of the above
d. heat
Answer:
the answer is water
Explanation:
because it is
The world's largest ocean is the
a. Indian Ocean
b. Arctic Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
d. Pacific Ocean.
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the answer is d.pacific ocean is the largest ocean in the world it is also the world's deepest ocean.
Option d is correct. Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
The Pacific Ocean, A body of seawater that stretches from the Antarctic region in the south towards the Arctic Circle in the north and is sandwiched between Asia and Australia on the west and South and North America on the east. It covers roughly one-third of the earth's surface and is arguably the largest of the world's oceans. Its total area, excluding neighbouring seas, is estimated 63,800,000 square miles (165,250,000 square kilometres), which is twice the size of the Atlantic Ocean and larger than the entire land area of the world. It has a mean depth of 14,040 feet (4,280 m). The western Pacific is known for its numerous outlying seas.
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Increasing substrate concentration restores enzyme activity that has been blocked by:.
Answer:
a conpatitive inhibitor only
the term __________ refer to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others
The term selectively permeable refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.
What is the cell membrane?The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that allows the entry of certain substances into the cell.
Selectivity of the cell membrane is fundamental to maintaining the homeostasis (state of internal equilibrium) of the cell in a surrounding environment.
In conclusion, the term selectively permeable refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.
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There are six people in the Fisher family. Olivia and Marcus are the parents. They have four children: Violet, Nathan, Jonas, and Claudia.
Neither Olivia nor Marcus have freckles.
What is Olivia's genotype?
What is Marcus' genotype?
What is the probability that each child has of inheriting freckles?
Both Marcus and Olivia are heterozygous for the hairline trait.
What is the probability that each of their children could inherit a widow's peak?
What is the probability that each of their children could inherit a straight hairline?
What is the probability that each of their children could be homozygous dominant for the trait?
Neither Marcus nor Olivia can roll their tongues.
How many of their children could be born with the ability to roll their tongues?
How many of their children could be heterozygous?
What is the genotype of the whole family?
All four children have dimples.
What is likely the genotypes of their parents?
Do we know with certainty that one of the parents has to have dimples?
Both Olivia and Marcus are EE for the earlobe trait.
Among their children, what is the ratio of free earlobes to attached earlobes?
What percentage of the children are homozygous?
Marcus can not detect the bitter taste. Olivia has been found to be able to detect the bitter taste, but she is heterozygous for the trait.
What is the probability that each of their children could taste the ptc paper?
If Violet can not taste the ptc paper, what is Violet's genotype?
Given what you know, how many of the family can taste the ptc paper?
1.
Freckles are caused by a dominant allele (F).
Marcus and Olivia have recessive homozygotes for the characteristic, ff, if neither of them has freckles.
Olivia's genotype is thus ff.
Marcus has a ff genotype.
Given that they are both recessive homozygotes for the ff gene, there is little chance that their offspring will have freckles.
2.
The straight hairline allele, W is recessive to the widow peak allele, W.
Marcus and Olivia share the hairline trait heterozygosity Ww.
The likelihood of a widow having children is highest when:
Ww = Ww, Ww, Ww, and ww
Widow's peak probability (WW or Ww) equals 3/4
The likelihood that a youngster will have a straight hairline is 1/4.
The likelihood that the offspring will be homozygous
3.
The attached-lobule trait, e, is recessive to the free-lobule trait, E.
The trait, EE, is homozygous dominant in both parents.
One to zero is the ratio of free to connected lobes.
The offspring will be homozygous dominant free lobules, EE, in all cases.
4.
The ability to taste bitter flavors is dominant (T).
Marcus is a recessive homozygote for the trait "tt" since he cannot sense bitterness.
Olivia possesses a "Tt" heterozygote for the trait.
Tt tt equals Tt, Tt, tt, and tt.
There is a 50% chance that each of their kids will try the PTC paper.
Violet's genotype is tt since she cannot taste PTC paper.
5.
T, tongue rolling is a dominant characteristic.
Marcus and Olivia both have tt genotypes since neither of them can roll their tongues.
tt = tt = tt = tt
Therefore;
Their offspring won't be able to roll their tongues.
No hybrids will be born to them.
The entire family shares the genetic tt.
6.
A dimple is a dominant trait (D)
The four youngsters all have dimples.
Therefore,
It's possible that both of their parents carry the dominant allele for the characteristic "DD" or
One of them is heterozygous, or "Dd," and the other is homozygous.
The dominant h0m0zygote "DD" is one of them, while the recessive h0m0zygote "dd" is the other.
Therefore, at least one parent must have a dimple.
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glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the:
According to the research, glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the filtration membrane.
What is the filtration membrane?It is the filtration barrier of the renal corpuscle that consists of the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the podocytes, and prevents the passage of macromolecules mechanically and electrically.
Podocytes also keep the glomerular filtration barrier stable by removing proteins and immunoglobulins.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the filtration membrane.
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What are some land adaptations of vertebrates?
The vertebrates that first invaded the land possessed a series of pre-adaptations, such as air-breathing and limb-based locomotion, that allowed them to move about effectively on land; however, other behaviors such as reproduction and swallowing likely tied these vertebrates to the water
When moving to land, animals faced several changes to adapt to the new environment, like lung and limbs development, tegumentary cover, and internal fertilization.
Which are the adaptations of vertebrates to land habits?
Any change to a new environment needs adaptations.
Aquatic animals had to face many changes in their morphology and physiology when changing to terrestrial habits. Some of them are,
Lung developmentThe most significant change is probably lung development, needed to produce gas interchange between tissues and the air.
Once on the ground, animals need to interchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with air. They managed to do so through the respiration process in which the circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
Tegumentary coverAnimals needed to develop a new thicker and harder tegumentary cover.
It needed to be more resistant, especially to avoid or reduce dehydration.
Also, the tegument provides protection when facing new environmental pressures -predation among them-.
Limbs developmentAnother significant change was limb development, which was obviously needed to move on the ground.
Locomotion on the ground required a new pattern of bone arrangement and many muscle changes.
The muscular system suffered many modifications because animals needed to move facing gravity pressure.
Internal fertilizationAnimals needed to face another change related to their reproductive system.
They could no longer make use of external fertilization, as they used to do in aquatic environments.
They developed reproductive organs needed to insert sperm cells into the female body and fertilize the egg cells inside the females.
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What day is considered to be the first day of a female's reproductive cycle?
• When hormone levels are low and the uterus lining is shed.
• When hormone levels are high and the uterus lining is shed.
• When hormone levels are low and the ovary releases an egg.
• When hormone levels are high and the ovary releases an egg.
Question: What day is considered to be the first day of a female's reproductive cycle?
Answer: When hormone levels are low and the uterus lining is shed.
The first day of a female's reproductive cycle is when hormone levels are low and the ovary releases an egg. This is known as ovulation and is the most important part of a woman's menstrual cycle.
What happen during ovulation?During ovulation, the egg's follicle bursts open and is released, travelling down the fallopian tube towards the uterus.
If the egg is fertilised, it will implant in the uterus and a pregnancy will begin; if it is not, it will be reabsorbed by the body, and the cycle will restart.
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A normal breath takes in about 1.0 L of air. If air has an average molar mass of 28.8 g per 1 mol and has a density of 0.97 g/mL, how many molecules of air do you take in with each breath
Taking into account the definition of density and Avogadro's Number, you take 2.0286×10²⁵ molecules of air.
What is densityDensity is defined as the property that matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, has to compress into a given space.
In other words, density is a quantity that allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.
Then, the expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies:
[tex]density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
What is Avogadro's NumberAvogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.
Amount of molecules of airIn this case, you know that:
Density= 0.97 [tex]\frac{g}{mL}[/tex]Volume= 1 L= 1000 mLReplacing in the definition of density:
[tex]0.97 \frac{g}{mL}=\frac{mass}{1000 mL}[/tex]
Solving:
mass= 0.97 [tex]\frac{g}{mL}[/tex] ×1000 mL
mass= 970 g
Air has an average molar mass of 28.8 g per 1 mol. Then 970 grams are contained in 33.68 moles.
Now, considering the definition of Avogadro's number you can apply the following rule of three: If 1 mole of air contains 6.023×10²³ molecules, 33.68 moles contains how many molecules?
amount of molecules = (33.68 moles× 6.023×10²³ molecules)÷ 1 mole
amount of molecules= 2.0286×10²⁵ molecules
Finally, you take 2.0286×10²⁵ molecules of air.
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Which statement describes the work of Aristotle and Linnaeus?
Aristotle’s classification system had many levels, while Linnaeus’s classification system only had two levels.
Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal.
Linnaeus proved that many organisms, which were classified as plants by Aristotle, were animals.
Aristotle and Linnaeus worked side by side examining organisms on many trips.
The correct description is:
Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal: option B.
What was the work of Aristotle and Linnaeus centered on?Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied life and living things to be able to explain their behavior.
Linnaeus was a Biologist who studied and classified living things into plants and animals.
Aristotle and Linnaeus both classified living things into plants and animals.
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The size of most prokaryotic cells is about _________ in diameter.
1-2µm
3-4µm
4-5µm
2-5µm
Answer:
option 1
Explanation:
The size of most prokaryotic cells is about in diameter.
1-2µm
The size of most prokaryotic cells is about 1-2µm in diameter. Therefore option A is correct.
Most prokaryotic cells are relatively small, typically ranging in diameter from 1 to 2 micrometers (µm). Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Their small size is advantageous as it allows for efficient nutrient uptake and waste elimination, facilitating rapid growth and replication.
Despite their small size, prokaryotic cells are highly diverse and can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and even within the human body.
Therefore option A is correct.
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An experiment consists of drawing two balls out of an urn with replacement. The urn has 1 red ball, 1 white ball, and 1 blue ball. How many possible outcomes have one white ball?
Which characteristic is used to measure the amount of light radiated by a star?
size
color
luminosity
temperature
Please help me answer this task about Plant Biotechnology
Answer:
Plant biotechnology can be defined as the use of tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified plants that exhibit new or improved desirable characteristics.
Explanation:
These crops offer several benefits both farmers and consumers.
...
Pocket K No. 2: Plant Products of Biotechnology.
Product Trait
Bean Virus disease resistance
Canola Herbicide tolerance, modified oil/fatty acid, pollination control system, phytase production
Cotton Herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, low gossypol
Eggplant Insect resistance
Identify the correct statement(s) regarding heritability Heritability is always calculated by a correlation between parental (mid-parent) and offspring traits If heritability is equal to 1, offspring mean is equal to the mean of the original population When heritability is equal to 1, response to selection is equal to selection differential All of the above are correct
The correct statement regarding heritability is D. All of the above are correct.
What is heritability?Heritability simply means a measure of how well differences in the genes of people account for the difference in their traits.
In this case, a the options given regarding heritability are correct.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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A scientist shines ultraviolet light on a colony of blue colored bacteria. She then places colonies of the bacteria in separate Petri dishes. After
allowing the bacteria to replicate for several generations, the scientist observes that some of the dishes now contain colonies with purple and
red colored bacteria. What can be concluded from this observation?
What feature enables the paramecium to move?
The feature enables the paramecium to move is moves through cilia.
What is the mode of locomotion for paramecium?Protozoan that moves by cilia, free-living, unicellular, bearer of a translucent and flattened body. They reproduce by simple division and are visible under the light microscope.
Paramecium, as a ciliated protozoan, has peculiar characteristics to be defined. they are also used to bring food into the cytostome where it will be phagocytosed after passing through the cytopharynx.
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Which statement best represents how an organism maintains homeostasis?
A)Offspring inherit traits from their parents.
B)Desert pack rats are active at night to conserve water.
C)Female barn swallows mate with long-tailed males.
D)Young eagles have different kinds of feathers than adult hawks.
The answer is B ! Hope that helps...