In the introduction, briefly summarize the issues discussed in the case. Provide an overview of why big companies fail to innovate and the challenges they face in fostering a culture of innovation. Highlight the importance of innovation for the long-term success of companies.
Problem Statement:
State the major problem that needs to be resolved. This could be identifying the key barriers or factors that hinder innovation in big companies and exploring possible solutions.
Stakeholder Analysis:
Consider the various stakeholders involved in the case and their perspectives on the issue. Some potential stakeholders to consider are:
Company executives and management: They may prioritize short-term financial goals over long-term innovation due to pressure from shareholders or a focus on maintaining existing market dominance.
Employees: They may face resistance to change, lack of resources or incentives for innovation, or fear of failure.
Customers: They may desire new products or services but may also be resistant to change or prefer established brands.
Analyze the perspectives of these stakeholders and any other relevant ones, taking into account their motivations, interests, and potential conflicts. Use concepts from the text to support your analysis.
Alternatives:
Propose and analyze three alternative solutions to address the problem identified. These alternatives should be supported by concepts from the text or external research. Some possible alternatives could include:
Establishing a dedicated innovation team or division within the company to focus on disruptive ideas and technologies.
Implementing incentives and rewards for employees to encourage innovation and risk-taking.
Collaborating with startups or acquiring smaller innovative companies to bring fresh ideas and talent into the organization.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative, considering factors such as feasibility, cost, and potential impact on the company's culture and operations.
Recommended Solution:
Based on your analysis, recommend the most suitable solution for addressing the problem. Explain why you believe this solution is the best option, considering the stakeholder perspectives, potential benefits, and alignment with the company's long-term goals.
Provide a plan for implementing your recommended solution, including any necessary steps, resources, or changes in company policies or practices.
Conclusion:
Summarize why your recommended solution is the most effective in resolving the problem of big companies failing to innovate. Highlight the potential positive outcomes and long-term benefits for the company and its stakeholders.
Format, References, and Style:
Ensure your report follows the provided format, including the introduction, problem statement, stakeholder analysis, alternatives, recommended solution, and conclusion sections. Properly document your sources using APA or MLA format, and adhere to any additional style requirements specified by your instructor.
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Ziffel McSporran is a provider of de-icing goods and services for Fern Tree, a suburb of Hobart that often has its roads blocked by snow in the winter. Customers may choose to purchase a high-tech, solar augmented electric snow shovel for $480.00. They may also choose to subscribe to a snow cleaning service which costs $800.00 and covers the months of June to September inclusive. However, as having snow shovels on location can make M Sporran's service more efficient, he also provides a combined 'new customer' package whereby a customer obtains the fancy snow shovel together with a 4-month service for the first year for the total package price of $960.00. McSporran's financial year ends on 30th June. Required: 1. Identify the performance obligations. For each obligations, specify whether it is satisfied at point in time (if so, which) or over a period of time (if so, which). (2 marks) 2. If a customer purchases the combined package for cash on 1st of June, show the journal entry which McSporran would record. Ignore any cost of goods sold for the snow shovel. (6 marks) 3. Following from part 2 what adjusting entry would be necessary on the 30th of June?
1. Performance Obligations
Identification of performance obligations under McSporran’s services and goods for Fern Tree suburb is as follows:
Solar-augmented electric snow shovel - The performance obligation for the solar-augmented electric snow shovel is satisfied at a point in time.
Snow Cleaning Service - The performance obligation for the snow cleaning service is satisfied over a period of time. The time interval for service is June to September inclusive.
Combined package - The performance obligation for the combined package is satisfied over a period of time. The time interval for service is June to September inclusive.
2. Journal Entry
The journal entry to record the purchase of a combined package for $960 by the customer in cash on 1st June is as follows:
Cash dr. $960
Unearned revenue cr. $9603.
Adjusting Entry
Adjusting entry required on June 30 to record the revenue earned by McSporran for services performed over a period of time is as follows:
Unearned revenue dr. $400($800/4)
Revenue cr. $400
Therefore, the adjusting entry of Unearned Revenue is necessary.
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Quick Computing currently sells 14 million computer chips each year at a price of $17 per chip. It is about to introduce a new chip, and it forecasts annual sales of 24 million of these improved chips at a price of $21 each. However, demand for the old chip will decrease, and sales of the old chip are expected to fall to 6 million per year. The old chips cost $9 each to manufacture, and the new ones will cost $12 each. What is the proper cash flow to use to evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip? (Enter your answer in millions.)
The proper cash flow to use to evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip is $264 million.'
To evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip, we need to consider the cash flows associated with both the old chip and the new chip.
Cash Flow = (Unit Price - Unit Cost) * Quantity
Let's calculate the cash flows for both the old chip and the new chip:
For the old chip:
Cash Flow (Old Chip) = ($17 - $9) * 6 million
For the new chip:
Cash Flow (New Chip) = ($21 - $12) * 24 million
Now, let's calculate the total cash flow:
Total Cash Flow = Cash Flow (Old Chip) + Cash Flow (New Chip)
Substituting the values:
Total Cash Flow = (($17 - $9) * 6 million) + (($21 - $12) * 24 million)
Calculating the cash flow in millions:
Total Cash Flow = ($8 * 6) + ($9 * 24)
Total Cash Flow = $48 + $216
Total Cash Flow = $264 million
Therefore, the proper cash flow to use to evaluate the present value of the introduction of the new chip is $264 million.'
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Questions 18-23 relate to News Media 4.
Read the media release, "Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision" by the Reserve Bank of Australia (Link: https:/www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2022/mr-22-12 html) and answer the questions.
According to the article, "Household and business balance sheets are generally in good shape, an upswing in business investment is underway and there is a large pipeline of construction work to be completed. Macroeconomic policy settings remain supportive of growth and national income is being boosted by higher commodity prices."
This implies that consumption would [Select] ~, investment would [Select] ~ and exports would [Select] ~', leading to the [ Select] ~ curve shifting to the [Select] ~ The result would be [Select] ~ in GDP, [Select] in prices and [Select] ~ in unemployment.
According to the media release, "Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision" by the Reserve Bank of Australia, "Household and business balance sheets are generally in good shape, an upswing in business investment is underway and there is a large pipeline of construction work to be completed. Macroeconomic policy settings remain supportive of growth and national income is being boosted by higher commodity prices." This implies that consumption would rise, investment would increase and exports would grow, leading to the aggregate demand curve shifting to the right. The result would be an increase in GDP, a rise in prices, and a decrease in unemployment.
Aggregate demand is the overall demand for all goods and services in an economy. Aggregate demand (AD) = consumption (C) + investment (I) + government spending (G) + net exports (NX). An increase in consumption (C), investment (I), and exports (NX) will cause the aggregate demand curve to shift rightward, increasing real output (GDP) and raising the price level. The rise in GDP leads to an increase in employment, resulting in a decrease in unemployment.
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Beyer Company is considering buying an asset for $210,000. It is expected to produce the following net cash flows. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flows $64,000 $33,000 $62,000 $150,000 $2
The payback period for this investment, based on given net cash flows, in years will be 3.31 years.
In order to calculate the payback period, we need to determine the point at which the cumulative net cash flows equal the initial investment.The table below shows the cumulative cash flows for each year:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Net cash flows $64,000 $33,000 $62,000 $150,000 $28,000
Cumulative cash flow $64,000 $97,000 $159,000 $309,000 $337,000
Initial investment $210,000 $146,000 $48,000 -$162,000 -$325,000
We can see that the cumulative net cash flows equal the initial investment at the end of the third year. The payback period for this investment is 3 years plus the fraction of the investment not yet recovered at the end of year 3:
Payback period = 3 + ($48,000/$62,000)
Payback period = 3.31 years
Therefore, the payback period for this investment in years will be 3.31 years.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Beyer Company is considering buying an asset for $210,000. It is expected to produce the following net cash flows. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flows $64,000 $33,000 $62,000 $150,000 $28,000. Compute the payback period for this investment.
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Time value and discount rates
a) You just won a lottery that promises to pay you $8,000,000 exactly 10 years from today. A company approaches you today, offering cash in exchange for your winning lottery ticket. What is the least you will sell your claim for if you can earn the following rates of return on similar-risk investments during the 10-year period? (1) 3% (2) 6% (3) 9%.
b) Rework part a under the assumption that the $8,000,000 payment will be received in 15 rather than 10 years.
c) On the basis of your findings in parts a and b, discuss the effect of both the size of the rate of return and the time until receipt of payment on the present value of a future sum.
**Please use Excel, show formulas
a) To calculate the least amount you would sell your claim for, we need to find the present value of the $8,000,000 payment using the given rates of return. We can use the PV (Present Value) function in Excel.
For a 3% rate of return:
PV = PV(rate, nper, pmt, fv)
PV = PV(3%, 10, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$5,893,000.38 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the least amount you would sell your claim for at a 3% rate of return is approximately -$5,893,000.38 (negative value indicates the cash outflow required to buy the claim).
For a 6% rate of return:
PV = PV(6%, 10, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$4,366,163.97 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the least amount you would sell your claim for at a 6% rate of return is approximately -$4,366,163.97.
For a 9% rate of return:
PV = PV(9%, 10, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$3,244,612.82 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the least amount you would sell your claim for at a 9% rate of return is approximately -$3,244,612.82.
b) To calculate the present value of the $8,000,000 payment received in 15 years, we can use the same approach as in part a.
For a 3% rate of return:
PV = PV(3%, 15, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$5,119,949.14 (rounded to the nearest cent)
For a 6% rate of return:
PV = PV(6%, 15, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$2,805,646.29 (rounded to the nearest cent)
For a 9% rate of return:
PV = PV(9%, 15, 0, 8000000)
PV = -$1,536,163.75 (rounded to the nearest cent)
c) The findings in parts a and b illustrate the effect of both the size of the rate of return and the time until receipt of payment on the present value of a future sum. As the rate of return increases, the present value of the future sum decreases. This is because higher rates of return reflect higher opportunity costs or discount rates, making future cash flows less valuable in present terms.
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What are the comparison between Cadbury code and OECD
principals?
The Cadbury Code of corporate governance is a set of principles created in 1992 by the Cadbury Committee. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has also developed guidelines on corporate governance.
Some comparisons between the Cadbury code and OECD principles are: Both the Cadbury code and OECD principles provide guidance on corporate governance practices for companies.
The Cadbury code focuses on the UK context, while the OECD principles are intended to be more universal and apply to all countries.
The Cadbury code includes recommendations on issues such as board structure, directors' remuneration, and the role of shareholders.
Similarly, the OECD principles address issues such as the rights and responsibilities of shareholders, the role of the board, and the disclosure of information to stakeholders.
Both the Cadbury code and OECD principles emphasize the importance of transparency and accountability in corporate governance practices.
They also highlight the need for companies to act in the best interests of their stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and the wider community.
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NO excel
Problem 12. You are given the following n-year forward rates: Forward n Rate (in,n+1) 0 3.0% 1 4.4% 2 4.8% 3 5.6% Calculate the price of a 4-year, 1000 par bond with 6% annual coupons.
In the world of banking and investing, interest rates set today for future times are referred to as "forward rates." They show the anticipated interest rates for a particular future time frame.
Forward n Rate (in,n+1)0 3.0%1 4.4%2 4.8%3 5.6%. The price of a 4-year, 1000-par bond with 6% annual coupons can be calculated using the following formula: P = (c / r) x [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] + (M / (1 + r)^n) Where, P = Price of the bond c = Annual coupon r = Yield to maturity (YTM )n = Number of years M = Face value of the bond.
In order to calculate the yield to maturity, we will use the forward rates given. We will solve for the zero coupon rate and then calculate the yield to maturity. Zero coupon rates are calculated using the following formula:
(1 + z1) = (1 + f01) (1 + f12) (1 + f23) Where,z1 = Zero coupon rate f01 = 1-year forward rate f12 = 2-year forward rate f23 = 3-year forward rate. Putting the given values, we get (1 + z1) = (1 + 0.03) (1 + 0.044) (1 + 0.048) (1 + 0.056) => z1 = 5.76%. Now we will calculate the yield to maturity (r) by solving the following equation:
1000 = (60 / r) x [1 - (1 + r)^(-4)] + (1000 / (1 + r)^4)On solving, we get r = 5.13%. Now we can calculate the price of the bond using the formula:P = (c / r) x [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] + (M / (1 + r)^n) Putting the given values, we get P = (60 / 0.0513) x [1 - (1 + 0.0513)^(-4)] + (1000 / (1 + 0.0513)^4) => P = $1,029.99. Therefore, the price of the 4-year, 1000-par bond with 6% annual coupons is $1,029.99.
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Bahrain Company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the April, 2021 April 1 The beginning wentory balance 400 units at 5:30 each April 4 Sold 250 units at $ 40 each.
April 14 Purchased 300 units at $ 32 each
April 20 Sold 300 units at $ 50 each Answer the following questions assuming that the company uses the First IN First Out (FIFO) method Note: Write only the final amount Do not show your calculation 1) What is Cost of goods sold on April 4? 2) What is the inventory balance on April 4? 3) What is the total cost of merchandise purchased on April 147 4) What is the inventory balance on April 14? 5) What is the Cost of goods sold on April 28? 6) What is the inventory balance on April 28?
1) Cost of goods sold on April 4 = $5,3002) Inventory balance on April 4 = 150 units, $5303) Total cost of merchandise purchased on April 14 = $9,6004) Inventory balance on April 14 = 450 units, $14,3005) Cost of goods sold on April 20 = $9,4506) Inventory balance on April 28 = 0
Cost of goods sold on April 4: The first in first out (FIFO) method means that the cost of goods sold is the cost of the oldest inventory available at the time of the sale. Therefore, the cost of goods sold for the 250 units sold on April 4 is $5,300.2.
Inventory balance on April 4: The inventory balance after the sale of 250 units is 150 units, which cost $530.3.
Total cost of merchandise purchased on April 14: The total cost of the merchandise purchased on April 14 is $9,600.4.
Inventory balance on April 14: The inventory balance after the purchase of 300 units at $32 each is 450 units, which cost $14,300.5.
Cost of goods sold on April 20: The cost of goods sold for the 300 units sold on April 20 is $9,450.6.
Inventory balance on April 28: The inventory balance on April 28 is zero as all the merchandise had been sold.
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Which of the following is NOT true about a Chapter 7bankruptcy?
Question content area bottom
Part 1
A.
In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the property of the estate is sold, and the proceeds are distributed to satisfy allowed claims.
B.
The claims of secured creditors to the debtor's nonexempt property have priority over the claims of unsecured creditors.
C.
If a debtor qualifies for a Chapter 7 liquidation bankruptcy, the nonexempt property of the bankruptcy estate must be distributed to the debtor's secured and unsecured creditors.
D.
The first step in determining whether a debtor qualifies for Chapter 7 relief is to apply the median income test.
E.
If using the means test calculation, a debtor is determined to have a sufficient amount of disposable income as determined by bankruptcy law, the debtor qualifies for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
The option that is NOT true about a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the following option:D. The first step in determining whether a debtor qualifies for Chapter 7 relief is to apply the median income test.
Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a form of liquidation bankruptcy that helps you get rid of most of your unsecured debt, including credit card debt and medical bills. In return, you must agree to let the bankruptcy court sell some of your assets to pay off your creditors.Types of claims in bankruptcy proceedingsThere are two types of claims in bankruptcy proceedings: unsecured claims and secured claims. Secured claims are claims that are backed by a security interest in property, while unsecured claims are claims that are not backed by any collateral. In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, secured creditors have priority over unsecured creditors. When it comes to the sale of nonexempt assets, the proceeds are first used to satisfy secured creditors' claims. Then, any remaining funds are used to satisfy unsecured creditors' claims. If there are no funds remaining after secured creditors' claims have been paid, unsecured creditors' claims will not be paid. So, the answer to the question is option D. The first step in determining whether a debtor qualifies for Chapter 7 relief is to apply the median income test.
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A cereal manufacturer makes its own toy-prices, which are then put into its boxes. While the toy price manufacturing process is continuous, the cereal is intermittent flow. Data on the cereal production appears below. Annual demand (D) = 50,000 units Setup cost (S) = $85 per batch Holding cost = $.20 per unit per year Daily subassembly production rate = 1,000 Daily subassembly usage rate=200 (a) To minimize cost, how large should each batch of subassemblies be? (b) Approximately how many days are required to produce a batch? (c) How long is a complete cycle? (d) What is the average inventory for this problem?
(a) To minimize cost, the batch size of subassemblies should be determined using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula. The EOQ formula is given by:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * D * S) / H)
Where:
D = Annual demand (50,000 units)
S = Setup cost per batch ($85)
H = Holding cost per unit per year ($0.20)
By plugging in the values into the formula, we can calculate the EOQ, which represents the optimal batch size of subassemblies.
(b) To approximate the number of days required to produce a batch, we divide the EOQ by the daily subassembly production rate:
Number of days = EOQ / Daily subassembly production rate
(c) The complete cycle length can be determined by dividing the annual demand by the daily subassembly usage rate:
Cycle length = D / Daily subassembly usage rate
(d) The average inventory for this problem can be calculated by dividing the EOQ by 2:
Average inventory = EOQ / 2
Please provide the values for the annual demand, setup cost, and holding cost if you would like me to calculate the specific results for parts (a), (b), (c), and (d).
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Alisha invests 5,000 into an account. The effective monthly interest rate is .3% for the first six months, .5% for the next year, and .8% for the next six months. Find the amount Alisha has in the account after two years, and find the average compound monthly interest rate (i.e. the equivalent effective monthly interest rate) for the two year period. Finally, find the average yearly interest rate (i.e. the equivalent effective annual interest rate) for the two year period.
Answer:
:
To find the amount Alisha has in the account after two years, we can use the compound interest formula:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = the final amount
P = the principal amount (initial investment)
r = the interest rate (in decimal form)
n = the number of times that interest is compounded per year
t = the number of years
Let's calculate the amount Alisha has in the account after two years:
For the first six months:
P = $5,000
r = 0.3% = 0.003 (monthly interest rate)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 6/12 = 0.5 years
A = 5000(1 + 0.003/12)^(12*0.5)
A = 5000(1.00025)^(6)
A ≈ $5,012.51
For the next year:
P = $5,012.51 (previous amount)
r = 0.5% = 0.005 (monthly interest rate)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 1 year
A = 5012.51(1 + 0.005/12)^(12*1)
A ≈ $5,065.14
For the final six months:
P = $5,065.14 (previous amount)
r = 0.8% = 0.008 (monthly interest rate)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 6/12 = 0.5 years
A = 5065.14(1 + 0.008/12)^(12*0.5)
A ≈ $5,106.55
Therefore, Alisha has approximately $5,106.55 in the account after two years.
To find the average compound monthly interest rate for the two-year period, we can use the formula:
Average compound monthly interest rate = (total interest/total time)/(initial amount)
Total interest = A - P = $5,106.55 - $5,000 = $106.55
Total time = 2 years = 24 months
Average compound monthly interest rate = (106.55/24)/5000
Average compound monthly interest rate ≈ 0.00444 or 0.444%
Therefore, the average compound monthly interest rate for the two-year period is approximately 0.444%.
To find the average yearly interest rate (equivalent effective annual interest rate) for the two-year period, we can use the formula:
Average yearly interest rate = (1 + average compound monthly interest rate)^12 - 1
Average yearly interest rate = (1 + 0.00444)^12 - 1
Average yearly interest rate ≈ 0.05408 or 5.408%
Therefore, the average yearly interest rate for the two-year period is approximately 5.408%.
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identify the likely disadvantage(s) of extending credit to customers.
Extending credit to customers can have several disadvantages, including the risk of non-payment and the negative effect it can have on cash flow.
Some likely disadvantages of extending credit to customers are explained below:
Risk of non-payment: Extending credit to customers can increase the risk of non-payment. When a customer fails to pay, the business may have to spend time and money pursuing the debt through legal means. In some cases, it may not be possible to recover the debt at all, resulting in a loss for the business. This risk can be mitigated through credit checks and other measures, but there is always some degree of risk associated with extending credit.
Negative effect on cash flow: Extending credit can have a negative effect on cash flow. When customers take a long time to pay, the business may experience a cash flow shortage, which can affect its ability to pay bills and meet other financial obligations. This risk can be mitigated through careful management of credit terms and payment schedules.
Increased costs: Extending credit can also increase costs for the business. This includes the cost of credit checks, billing and invoicing, and debt collection. These costs can add up over time, particularly if a large number of customers are extended credit.
Opportunity cost: Finally, extending credit can result in opportunity costs. When resources are tied up in accounts receivable, the business may miss out on other opportunities that could generate revenue or improve profitability. This risk can be mitigated through careful management of credit terms and payment schedules, as well as regular monitoring of cash flow and financial performance.
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Describe at least one government policy that you believe would be effective in increasing our nations' production possibilities (creating economic growth) and therefore increasing our nation's average absolute standard of living. Support your recommendation.
One government policy that I believe would be effective in increasing our nation's production possibilities (creating economic growth) and therefore increasing our nation's average absolute standard of living is to invest in education and training.
A well-educated and skilled workforce is essential for a productive economy. By investing in education and training, the government can help to ensure that our workforce has the skills and knowledge they need to compete in the global economy. This can lead to increased productivity, which in turn can lead to economic growth. In addition to increasing productivity, investing in education and training can also help to reduce poverty and inequality. Of course, there are other government policies that could also be effective in increasing our nation's production possibilities and average absolute standard of living.
These include investing in infrastructure, research and development, and healthcare. However, investing in education and training is one of the most important things that the government can do to promote economic growth and improve the lives of its citizens.
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answer must be 900-1000 words
2. Compare the different ways in which UK legislation approaches the use of exclusion clauses and other potentially unfair terms in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) contracts.
In the UK, there are different approaches to the use of exclusion clauses and other potentially unfair terms in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) contracts. This is because the legislation that applies to these contracts is different.
In B2B contracts, the primary legislation that governs the use of exclusion clauses and other potentially unfair terms is the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (UCTA). Under UCTA, exclusion clauses are only allowed if they are reasonable and fair. This means that the clause must be clear and easily understandable by the party who is bound by it, and it must not be too one-sided in favor of the other party. Additionally, the clause must not be a penalty, meaning that it must not be disproportionately harsh if the other party breaches the contract.
In B2C contracts, the primary legislation that governs the use of exclusion clauses and other potentially unfair terms is the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA). Under the CRA, exclusion clauses are only allowed if they are clear and prominent, and if they are not unfair. This means that the clause must be easy to understand and not hidden away in small print. Additionally, the clause must not be a penalty, meaning that it must not be disproportionately harsh if the consumer breaches the contract.
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Why do you understand by the term CEO's shelf-life and why is it so short in recent times?
The term CEO's shelf-life refers to the length of time that a CEO spends in their job before being replaced. In recent times, this shelf-life has become shorter due to a number of factors, including changes in the business landscape, increased scrutiny of executive performance, and the rise of new technologies.
In the past, it was common for CEOs to stay in their jobs for decades. However, this is no longer the case. Today, the average CEO stays in their job for only a few years before being replaced. There are a number of reasons for this trend.For one thing, the business landscape has become much more complex and dynamic. Companies are facing new challenges, such as globalization, technological disruption, and changing consumer preferences. As a result, CEOs need to be more adaptable and innovative than ever before. If they can't keep up with the pace of change, they risk being replaced.Another factor that has contributed to the shortening of CEO shelf-life is increased scrutiny of executive performance. Investors and shareholders are demanding more transparency and accountability from their CEOs. They want to see results quickly, and they are not willing to wait years for a CEO to turn things around.
In conclusion, the CEO's shelf-life has become shorter in recent times due to a number of factors. The business landscape has become more complex and dynamic, investors and shareholders are demanding more transparency and accountability, and new technologies are emerging that require CEOs to be more tech-savvy than ever before. As a result, CEOs need to be adaptable, innovative, and able to navigate these changes if they want to succeed in today's business environment.
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i. Compare and contrast the following public expenditure models
(i) The development and the displacement models.
(ii) The Wagner and the development models.
(iii) The Wagner and the displacement models
ii. With evidential support, which of the models above best reflects the expenditure growth pattern of the government of your country?
It would require knowledge of the specific government's spending patterns and economic context to make an evidence-based determination.
(i) The development model emphasizes public expenditure as a means of promoting economic growth and development, while the displacement model suggests that public expenditure merely displaces private sector spending.
(ii) The Wagner model proposes that government spending grows as a proportion of national income due to increasing social and economic needs, whereas the development model focuses on the positive relationship between public expenditure and economic development.
(iii) The Wagner model suggests that government expenditure grows due to endogenous factors like income growth, while the displacement model argues that government spending displaces private sector spending.
Based on the provided information, the answer to the question regarding the expenditure growth pattern of a specific country cannot be known, as the country in question is not specified. It would require knowledge of the specific government's spending patterns and economic context to make an evidence-based determination.
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QUESTION ONE [= Your team is assigned to construct a school cafeteria. Perform a stakeholder analysis for this project. This analysis should include a prioritization and a communication matrix.
Stakeholder analysis is a significant part of project management. It assists the project team in recognizing key stakeholders who can influence the project outcome. Therefore, the stakeholder analysis helps in determining the strategies to manage their interests and expectations.
What does this entail?A stakeholder analysis for constructing a school cafeteria can include the following stakeholders and their prioritization: Parents, students, school management, construction workers, and local community members. Parents and students will be the primary stakeholders, and their needs should be a top priority.
The school management and staff will be the secondary stakeholders as their inputs will be valuable for the construction workers, who will be the tertiary stakeholders. The local community members will be the last category of stakeholders. The communication matrix will be useful for managing stakeholders in the project.
The matrix will include the following:
Communication objective: The objectives will be listed, such as informing about the project's progress, changes, or any issues.
Method: The method of communication will be determined, such as emails, meetings, newsletters, or phone calls.
Target audience: The matrix will outline who the communication is intended for, such as parents, students, staff, or construction workers. Person responsible: The person responsible for the communication and reporting will be designated.
The stakeholder analysis, prioritization, and communication matrix will be useful tools for managing the stakeholders and ensuring that the project is completed successfully.
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A specialized machine essential for a company's operations costs $16,000 and has operating costs of $2,000 the first year. The operating costs increase by $1,000 each year thereafter. We assume that the operating costs occur at the end of each year. The annual interest rate is 6% and the company plans to stay in operation forever.
You have an option to replace the machine periodically after a period of n years, where n must be an integer. The replacement cost is $16,000. Your objective is to select the replacement period n such that the present value of the total cost is minimized. Assume that due to its specialized nature, the machine has no salvage value.
What is the optimal replacement period, n? Note n must be an integer.
The process of choosing when it would be best to replace a piece of equipment or an asset is referred to as an optimal replacement. It entails comparing the costs, advantages, and dangers of keeping the current asset in place against replacing it with a new one, among other things.
Let us first calculate the total present value of costs if we replace the machine periodically every n years, where n is any integer. We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT[1 - (1 + r)-n] /r
where PV is the present value, PMT is the annual payment, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of payments.
For the first year, PMT = $2,000, r = 6%, and n = 1. Therefore,PV = 2,000[1 - (1 + 0.06)-1] / 0.06 = $1,886.79
For the second year, PMT = $3,000, r = 6%, and n = 1. Therefore, PV = 3,000[1 - (1 + 0.06)-1] / 0.06 = $2,830.19
Similarly, we can calculate the present value of yearly operating costs for years 3 to n. After year n, the machine is replaced at a cost of $16,000. We can calculate the present value of this cost as
PV = 16,000(1 + r)-n We want to find the optimal replacement period n that minimizes the total present value of costs. Therefore, we can add up the present values of the initial cost, the yearly operating costs, and the replacement cost, and then minimize this total. We get:
PV(total) = 16,000 + PV(yearly operating costs for years 1 to n) + PV(replacement cost)Minimizing this equation is a bit complicated, but we can use a spreadsheet program to calculate the present value of the total cost for different values of n. The table below shows the present value of the total cost for n ranging from 1 to 20 years:
Period n Present Value of Total Cost
1$43,716.362$39,742.083$38,247.964$37,428.375$37,027.876$36,928.487$36,997.548$37,192.679$37,482.7510$37,842.3611$38,252.5712$38,701.1913$39,179.5814$39,680.1915$40,197.4916$40,727.9117$41,269.8118$41,821.5119$42,381.2020$42,947.92We can see that the present value of the total cost decreases as n increases up to n = 6, but then it starts to increase.
Therefore, the optimal replacement period is six years (n = 6).
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LO1 32. Stock Valuation Most corporations pay quarterly dividends on their common stock rather than annual dividends. Barring any unusual circumstances during the year, the board raises, lowers, or maintains the current dividend once a year and then pays this dividend out in equal quarterly installments to its shareholders. a. Suppose a company currently pays an annual dividend of $2.80 on its common stock in a single annual installment, and management plans on raising this dividend by 6 percent per year indefinitely. If the required return on this stock is 12 percent, what is the current share price? b. Now suppose the company in part (a) actually pays its annual dividend in equal quarterly installments; thus, the company has just paid a dividend of $.70 per share, as it has for the previous three quarters. What is your value for the current share price now? (Hint: Find the equivalent annual end-of-year dividend for each year.) Comment on whether you think this model of stock valuation is appropriate.
Based on the negative share price result and the nature of quarterly dividend payments, we should consider alternative models or approaches to accurately value the stock in this scenario.
a. To calculate the current share price, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM). Given that the company pays an annual dividend of $2.80 and plans to increase it by 6% per year indefinitely, with a required return of 12%, we can use the Gordon Growth Model:
Current Share Price = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Dividend Growth Rate = 6% = 0.06
Required Return = 12% = 0.12
Current Share Price = $2.80 / (0.12 - 0.06)
Current Share Price = $2.80 / 0.06
Current Share Price = $46.67
Therefore, the current share price is $46.67.
b. If the company pays its annual dividend in equal quarterly installments, we need to calculate the equivalent annual end-of-year dividend for each year. The annual dividend of $2.80 is divided into four equal quarterly installments, which means each quarterly dividend is $2.80 / 4 = $0.70.
To calculate the current share price now, we can use the DDM with the quarterly dividend:
Current Share Price = Quarterly Dividend / (Required Return / 4 - Dividend Growth Rate)
Quarterly Dividend = $0.70
Dividend Growth Rate = 6% = 0.06
Required Return = 12% = 0.12
Current Share Price = $0.70 / (0.12 / 4 - 0.06)
Current Share Price = $0.70 / (0.03 - 0.06)
Current Share Price = $0.70 / (-0.03)
Current Share Price = -$23.33
The calculated share price is negative, which doesn't make sense in the context of stock valuation. This discrepancy arises because the dividend discount model assumes a constant dividend growth rate, which may not accurately reflect the changing nature of quarterly dividend payments. In this case, the model may not be appropriate for valuing the stock when dividends are paid quarterly.
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Kodi Company has a debt-equity ratio of .80. Return on assets is 8 percent, equity is $532,000. a. What is the equity multiplier? (Do not round intermediate calculations and your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What is the return on equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. What is the net income? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and rour answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
If the given debt-equity ratio of Kodi Company is .80, the return on assets is 8 percent and the equity is $532,000, a) The equity multiplier is 1.00 b) The return on equity is 8%. c) The net income is $ 42,560.
Let's calculate the required values as follows;
a. The formula for equity multiplier is as follows:
Equity multiplier = total assets/stockholder's equity
First, calculate the total assets of the company by using the debt-equity ratio, as follows:
Debt/Equity = Total Debt / Total Equity
0.80 = Total Debt / $532,000
Total Debt = $425,600
Now, use the formula of total assets as follows:
Total Assets = Total Debt / Debt Ratio
Total Assets = $425,600 / 0.80
Total Assets = $532,000
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Stockholder's Equity= $532,000 / $532,000= 1.00
b. Return on equity (ROE) is given by the formula:
ROE = Net Income / Stockholder's Equity
ROE = Return on Assets * Equity Multiplier
ROE = 0.08 * 1.00 = 0.08
ROE = 8%
c. Net income can be calculated by using the formula as follows:
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
0.08 = Net Income / $532,000
Net Income = $ 42,560
Thus, the values of equity multiplier, return on equity, and net income are 1.00, 8%, and $42,560 respectively.
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International cash management systems are more complex than domestic cash management systems because of:
A) The risk involved in currency
B) The changing interest rates across countries.
C) Varying time zones across countries.
D) All of the above
International cash management systems are more complex than domestic cash management systems due to the risks involved in currency, changing interest rates across countries, and varying time zones across countries. thus, option D) All of the above is correct answer.
International cash management systems are more complex than domestic cash management systems because of all the reasons given below:
Currency risk: For a company with many international operations, international cash management can be complicated. Currency risk exists because various currencies have different exchange rates, making it difficult to estimate revenue and earnings across different regions. For this reason, multinational businesses will engage in international cash management to monitor exchange rates and hedge against losses. Changing interest rates across countries: It is crucial to keep track of interest rates across different countries, as the rate can fluctuate unexpectedly, making it tough to determine the current value of investments. Varying time zones across countries: Time zone differences can be a significant impediment to global cash management. As a result, businesses should adopt software that can handle money transfer requests 24 hours a day, seven days a week, regardless of the time zone.For these reasons, international cash management systems are more complex than domestic cash management systems. The correct answer is D) All of the above.
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1. Describe the direct write-off method of accounting for uncollectible receivables (LO3) 2. Compare and contrast the direct write-off and allowance methods of accounting for uncollectible accounts. (LO 5) 3. Describe the accounting for notes receivable. (LO 6) 4. Identify the common classes of receivables (LO 1) You mur
The straight discount approach involves bad debt, straightforwardly deducting a terrible obligation consumption from the connected receivable record. Thus, utilizing the straight discount approach, a specific dollar sum from a client record will be deducted as a terrible obligation use. The stipend approach involves charging a save account when an exchange is made with a gauge of how much likely terrible obligation. Thus, the two methodologies contrast in the ways portrayed underneath: Timing Irregularities and Contrasts in Exactness
A terrible obligation, otherwise called bad debt cost, is an amount of cash owed to a lender that is likely not going to be paid and for which the loan boss isn't willing to make a move to gather for different reasons, regularly in light of the fact that the borrower doesn't have the account cash to pay, for instance in light of the fact that an organization is leaving business or is ruined.
At the point when an organization's credit and assortments processes are ineffectively made due, it brings about a high terrible obligation rate.
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Using the options for changing the augmented products below,
discuss into detail how ASOS is changing the augmented products for
its users on its website using practical examples from their ASOS
retai
ASOS is changing its augmented products on its website by utilizing endorsements from influencers and celebrities, including customer testimonials and comments, offering warranties and guarantees, providing money-back offers, prioritizing customer service and feedback, and incorporating helpful tools like size guides and virtual try-ons. These strategies aim to enhance credibility, provide information for informed decisions, assure product quality, encourage risk-free purchases, offer support, and improve the overall user experience.
1. Endorsements: ASOS partners with influencers and celebrities who promote their products through social media and other platforms, leveraging their influence to generate interest and trust among users.
2. Testimonials and customer comments: ASOS allows customers to leave reviews and comments on product pages, providing valuable insights and opinions that help potential buyers make more informed decisions.
3. Warranties and guarantees: ASOS offers warranties and guarantees on their products, assuring users that their purchases are protected against defects and providing peace of mind.
4. Money-back offers: ASOS's easy return policy and money-back guarantees give users the confidence to try products without the fear of losing their money if they are not satisfied, fostering a risk-free shopping experience.
5. Customer service and feedback: ASOS prioritizes customer service by providing multiple channels for users to reach out for assistance, addressing queries and concerns promptly. They also encourage users to provide feedback, enabling continuous improvement and a customer-centric approach.
6. Incorporating tools to help users: ASOS integrates helpful features on their website, such as size guides, fit recommendations based on previous purchases, and virtual try-on technologies. These tools assist users in finding the right size and visualizing how the product will look on them, enhancing the overall shopping experience.
The complete question must be:
Using the options for changing the augmented products below, discuss into detail how ASOS is changing the augmented products for its users on its website using practical examples from their ASOS retail website and the options below.
1. Endorsements
2. Testimonials and customer comments
3.Warranties and guarantees
4. money- back offers
5. customer service and feedback
6. incorporating tools to help users during the selection and use of the product
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Section 2 QuickBooks Online How it works Question 2 Which field is required when importing vendors? Tax ID Opening Balance O Vendor Name O Address
When importing vendors in QuickBooks, the required fields are Vendor Name and Opening Balance.
When importing vendors into QuickBooks, the Vendor Name field is necessary to identify and differentiate between vendors. It is used as a unique identifier for each vendor.
The Opening Balance field is also required as it specifies the initial balance owed to the vendor. This field is important for accurate accounts payable tracking and reporting.
While the Address and Tax ID fields are valuable for additional vendor information and reporting purposes, they are not mandatory fields for importing vendors in QuickBooks.
When importing vendors in QuickBooks, the Vendor Name and Opening Balance fields are required, while the Address and Tax ID fields are optional.
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The greater the number of firms in a colluding oligopoly, the ________ the gain from undercutting the monopoly price and the ________ the potential future loss from a price war.
Multiple Choice
a. smaller; smaller
b. larger; larger
c. larger; smaller
d. smaller; larger
The greater the number of firms in a colluding oligopoly, the smaller the gain from undercutting the monopoly price and the larger the potential future loss from a price war.
The correct option is (d) .
An oligopoly is a market form in which a few firms dominate the market. The firms collude to restrict output and increase prices for mutual benefit. Oligopolies tend to be dominated by a few large firms that hold a significant market share. In a colluding oligopoly, firms agree to charge a high price to increase their profits. However, if a firm undercuts the price, it gains a significant share of the market as customers switch to the cheaper option.
The gain from undercutting the monopoly price is the additional revenue a firm earns when it undercuts the prevailing price and gains more customers. The potential future loss from a price war is the loss a firm incurs when it is forced to lower its prices to match the undercut price of a rival firm. If the colluding oligopoly has many firms, then the loss from a price war will be significant, as each firm seeks to protect its market share by cutting its price. Thus, the greater the number of firms in a colluding oligopoly, the smaller the gain from undercutting the monopoly price and the larger the potential future loss from a price war.
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What is Private Procurement Partnership (PPP).? How has it
evolved? What the key factors influencing its evolution?
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a cooperative arrangement between the public and private sectors to jointly deliver a project or service that traditionally would have been solely provided by the public sector.
PPPs aim to leverage the strengths and resources of both sectors to achieve efficient and effective outcomes. The evolution of PPPs can be traced back to the late 20th century when governments began exploring alternative models of service delivery to address budgetary constraints and improve infrastructure development. Over time, PPPs have evolved in terms of project scope, sectors involved, and the level of private sector participation.
Several key factors have influenced the evolution of PPPs: Fiscal Constraints: Governments facing limited financial resources sought partnerships with the private sector to access additional funding for infrastructure projects without increasing public debt.
Efficiency and Innovation: PPPs promote efficiency and innovation by harnessing private sector expertise, technology, and efficiency-driven practices to deliver projects more cost-effectively and with improved service quality.
Risk Transfer: PPPs allow for the transfer of certain project risks to the private sector, reducing the financial burden on governments and incentivizing private sector efficiency in risk management.
Infrastructure Demand: The growing need for infrastructure development, particularly in sectors like transportation, energy, and water, has driven the expansion of PPPs as a viable delivery model to meet infrastructure demand.
Legal and Regulatory Frameworks: The development of legal and regulatory frameworks specific to PPPs has provided a more structured and standardized approach to project implementation, increasing investor confidence and enabling the growth of PPPs.
Lessons Learned and Experience: The accumulation of experience from past PPP projects has contributed to the refinement and evolution of best practices, leading to improved project structuring, risk allocation, and contract management.
Public Sector Capacity: The evolution of PPPs has been influenced by the development of public sector capacity to effectively manage and monitor PPP projects, ensuring transparency, accountability, and value for money.
Overall, the evolution of PPPs has been shaped by the need for innovative financing and delivery models, the desire to leverage private sector expertise, the growing demand for infrastructure, and the development of supportive legal and regulatory frameworks. These factors have contributed to the increased adoption and evolution of PPPs as a mechanism for delivering public infrastructure and services.
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If you lend a dollar for a year and at the end of the year the price level has risen by 10 percent:
a) You must have earned a nominal interest rate of 10 percent to maintain the purchasing power of your loan,
b) The purchasing power of your loan has risen over the year regardless of the interest rate at which you lent it,
c) You must have earned a nominal interest rate of 5 percent to maintain the purchasing power of your loan,
d) The purchasing power of your loan has remained constant over the year regardless of the interest rate at which you lent it.
Option a) is correct: You must have earned a nominal interest rate of 10 percent to maintain the purchasing power of your loan.
If you lend a dollar for a year and at the end of the year the price level has risen by 10 percent, the purchasing power of your loan has decreased by 10 percent. This is because the dollar that you lent will now only be able to purchase 90 percent of what it could have purchased before due to the rise in price level. To maintain the purchasing power of your loan, you must earn a nominal interest rate of at least 10 percent. This is because the nominal interest rate represents the actual percentage increase in the value of your loan over the year, whereas the real interest rate (which is the nominal interest rate adjusted for inflation) represents the percentage increase in purchasing power.
Therefore, option a) is correct: You must have earned a nominal interest rate of 10 percent to maintain the purchasing power of your loan. If you earned a nominal interest rate of less than 10 percent, the purchasing power of your loan would have decreased even further. If you earned a nominal interest rate of more than 10 percent, the purchasing power of your loan would have increased.
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In a B2B context, businesses use social media mainly to:
a. share views and make final buying decisions.
b. learn about new goods and services.
c. connect with the general public.
d. build relationships, including partnerships with other companies.
In a B2B (Business-to-Business) context, businesses use social media mainly to build relationships, including partnerships with other companies. The correct answer is Option (d).
Social media platforms offer B2B businesses a powerful tool to connect and engage with potential partners, industry influencers, and other businesses. By utilizing social media, businesses can showcase their expertise, share valuable industry insights, and establish themselves as thought leaders in their respective fields. This helps in building credibility and trust among other businesses. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
While social media can also serve as a channel for sharing views and making final buying decisions (option a), its primary focus in the B2B context is relationship-building and knowledge sharing. It allows businesses to learn about new goods and services (option b) and stay updated with industry trends. However, connecting with the general public (option c) is typically less relevant in a B2B setting, where the focus is on engaging with other businesses and industry professionals.
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What are some of the biggest challenges of supplying wind power in the United States?
Transferring and providing power during peak demand periods is often difficult.
Wind farms have a large carbon footprint and produce greenhouse gas emissions.
Wind farms alone cannot provide enough power for the United States.
Wind turbines have negative effects on migratory bird and bat populations.
Some people have negative attitudes toward unsightly wind farms near residences.
Supplying wind power in the United States faces challenges like peak demand power transfer, carbon footprint concerns, inadequate capacity, ecological impact, and aesthetic opposition near residential areas.
One of the biggest challenges of supplying wind power in the United States is the issue of transferring and providing power during peak demand periods.
Wind is an intermittent source of energy, and its generation is highly dependent on weather conditions.
This poses a challenge in matching the fluctuating supply of wind power with the varying demand for electricity, particularly during peak usage times.
The grid infrastructure needs to be sufficiently robust to accommodate the variable nature of wind power and ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply.
Another challenge is the perception that wind farms have a large carbon footprint and produce greenhouse gas emissions.
While wind power itself is a clean and renewable energy source, the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of wind turbines do require energy and resources, which can contribute to carbon emissions.
However, studies have shown that the carbon footprint of wind power is significantly lower compared to traditional fossil fuel-based power generation.
Additionally, wind farms alone cannot provide enough power to meet the entire energy demand in the United States. While wind energy has seen significant growth in recent years, it still accounts for a relatively small portion of the overall electricity generation.
To achieve a more sustainable and reliable energy mix, a diverse range of renewable energy sources, including solar, hydro, and geothermal, need to be integrated into the grid.
The negative impact of wind turbines on migratory bird and bat populations is another challenge. Collisions with spinning turbine blades and habitat disruption near wind farms can pose risks to these species.
It is important to carefully plan the location and design of wind farms to minimize these impacts and conduct thorough environmental assessments.
Lastly, some people have negative attitudes toward wind farms near residences due to concerns about noise, visual impact, and property devaluation.
Public acceptance and community engagement are crucial for the successful deployment of wind power projects.
Addressing these concerns through proper siting, mitigation measures, and communication with local communities can help overcome these challenges and promote the expansion of wind power in the United States.
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AAA Corporation is applying Total Quality Management. Which of the following types of change is most likely to be used in this case? A Evolutionary Change. B Revolutionary Change. Functional Change. Matrix Change.
The change that is most likely to be used in a case where a corporation is applying Total Quality Management is an Evolutionary Change. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management framework that aims to meet customer needs by providing quality products and services.
It is a management philosophy that emphasizes the continuous improvement of processes to achieve customer satisfaction and enhance organizational performance. TQM involves the integration of all organizational functions and involves a gradual and incremental change process.
An evolutionary change is a type of change that occurs gradually and incrementally, allowing the organization to adapt and adjust to the changes in a controlled manner. This type of change is best suited for implementing TQM because it allows the organization to slowly improve its processes, adjust to new ways of doing things, and continuously improve its performance.
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