Prepayments are expenses that have been paid in advance and are therefore not yet recognized as expenses in the books of accounts.
At the end of an accounting period, adjustments must be made to the accounts to ensure that all revenues and expenses for the period are recognized. Two examples of prepayments that require adjustments at the end of the accounting period on December 31 are as follows:1. A company pays for 4 months of advertising in the Wall Street Journal on November 1.
Since the company paid for 4 months of advertising in advance, only 2 months' worth of advertising should be recognized as an expense in the books of accounts for December. Therefore, an adjustment is required.2. A company pays a 6-month insurance premium at the beginning of October.
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Note: If you need values for any other parameters to answer the questions below, make reasonable assumptions and justify these. Simulate the payoff of the Accelerated Return Note in the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Use at least 10,000 simulations of the stock price. What is the average return of investing in the note, as well as the standard deviation of the returns.
The payoff of the Accelerated Return Note can be simulated in the Black-Scholes-Merton model using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. By generating a large number of stock price paths and calculating the payoff for each path, it is possible to estimate the expected return and risk of investing in the note. The average return and standard deviation of the returns can be calculated based on the simulated payoffs.
The Accelerated Return Note is a type of security that pays an interest rate based on the performance of a stock market index. It also has a principal protection feature, which guarantees that the investor will receive at least their initial investment back at maturity. The payoff of the Accelerated Return Note can be simulated in the Black-Scholes-Merton model by following these steps:
Step 1: Determine the values of the relevant parameters. These include the current stock price, the exercise price, the risk-free interest rate, the time to maturity, the volatility of the stock price, and the dividend yield (if any).
Step 2: Generate a series of stock price paths using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. This can be done using a Monte Carlo simulation approach.
Step 3: Calculate the payoff of the Accelerated Return Note for each stock price path.
Step 4: Calculate the average return and standard deviation of the returns based on the simulated payoffs.
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Calculate the standard deviation of return, given annual returns of: Year 1 7.2% Year 2 3.0% Year 3 -12.1% Year 4 6.6% Year 5 9.8% Round the answer to two decimals places in percentage form. Please write % sign in the "units" box.
The standard deviation of the returns is 0.78%. The standard deviation of returns measures the volatility or dispersion of returns around the average.
To calculate the standard deviation of the given annual returns, we can use the following steps:
1. Calculate the average return by summing up all the returns and dividing by the number of returns.
2. Calculate the difference between each return and the average return.
3. Square each difference.
4. Sum up all the squared differences.
5. Divide the sum of squared differences by the number of returns.
6. Take the square root of the result obtained in step 5.
Using these steps, we can calculate the standard deviation of the given returns:
1. Average return = (7.2% + 3.0% - 12.1% + 6.6% + 9.8%) / 5 = 3.50%.
2. Calculate the difference between each return and the average return:
Year 1: 7.2% - 3.50% = 3.70%
Year 2: 3.0% - 3.50% = -0.50%
Year 3: -12.1% - 3.50% = -15.60%
Year 4: 6.6% - 3.50% = 3.10%
Year 5: 9.8% - 3.50% = 6.30%
3. Square each difference:
Year 1: (3.70%)^2 = 0.1369
Year 2: (-0.50%)^2 = 0.0025
Year 3: (-15.60%)^2 = 2.4336
Year 4: (3.10%)^2 = 0.0961
Year 5: (6.30%)^2 = 0.3969
4. Sum up all the squared differences: 0.1369 + 0.0025 + 2.4336 + 0.0961 + 0.3969 = 3.066.
5. Divide the sum of squared differences by the number of returns: 3.066 / 5 = 0.6132.
6. Take the square root of the result obtained in step 5: sqrt(0.6132) = 0.7828.
Therefore, the standard deviation of the returns is 0.78%.
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Today the common stock of Gresham Technology closed at $25.40 per share, down $0.38 from yesterday. If the company has 5.9 million shares outstanding and annual earnings of $11.5 million, what is its P/E ratio today? What was its P/E ratio yesterday?
The P/E ratio of Gresham Technology yesterday was approximately 13.25.
To calculate the P/E ratio (Price-to-Earnings ratio) of a company, we divide the stock price by the earnings per share (EPS).
P/E ratio today:
Stock price = $25.40 per share
Earnings = $11.5 million
First, we need to calculate the earnings per share (EPS):
EPS = Earnings / Number of Shares Outstanding
EPS = $11.5 million / 5.9 million shares
EPS = $1.949
Now we can calculate the P/E ratio today:
P/E ratio = Stock price / EPS
P/E ratio = $25.40 / $1.949
P/E ratio = 13.05 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the P/E ratio of Gresham Technology today is approximately 13.05.
To calculate the P/E ratio yesterday, we need to use the previous day's stock price:
Stock price yesterday = $25.40 + $0.38 = $25.78 per share
Now we can calculate the P/E ratio yesterday:
P/E ratio = Stock price yesterday / EPS
P/E ratio = $25.78 / $1.949
P/E ratio = 13.25 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the P/E ratio of Gresham Technology yesterday was approximately 13.25.
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XYZ corp expects to earn $3.7 per share next year and plow back 32.43% of its earnings (i.e., it expects to pay out a dividend of $2.5 per share, representing 67.57% of its earnings). The dividends are expected to grow at a constant sustainable growth rate and the stocks are currently priced at $30 per share. How much of the stock's $30 price is reflected in Present Value of Growth Opportunities (PVGO) if the investors' required rate of return is 20%? $____
The PVGO for XYZ Corp is $3.22 per share or $96.6 million in total.
PVGO (Present Value of Growth Opportunities) is the present value of the future return from investing in a company. It reflects the amount that the stock price of a firm exceeds its present value of anticipated future dividends.
If an investor has a 20% rate of return requirement, XYZ Corp's PVGO is $3.22 per share, or $96.6 million in total. PVGO is calculated by subtracting the current dividend per share by the required rate of return, then dividing that number by the sustainable growth rate. $3.22 is the answer.
The calculation of PVGO is as follows:
PVGO = (Earnings per Share - Dividend per Share) / Required rate of return per sharePVGO
= (($3.70 - $2.50) / 0.20) x (1 - 0.3243)PVGO
= $3.22
Since the total number of share is 30 share in total so total PVGO
=>number of share * Per share PVGO
=> 3.22*30
=> 96.6
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HFA has recently received a contract from the state government to expand its job training program. The program will last for at least one year and will likely continue in the future. The expanded program will need a director with a salary of $70,000. The estimated rent for a facility to house the program will be approximately $20,000 for the next 12 months. The utilities, insurance, and custodial services are estimated to be $10,000 yearly. The facility can accommodate up to 100 people. The expanded program will also hire extra teachers/trainers, each of whom can teach up to twenty trainees. The salary for the teachers is $50,000 per year. Each of the program participants will receive a set of textbooks and other teaching materials, estimated at $1,000 per person. For simplicity, other potential costs are not considered for this case. What are the program's step costs if the program enrolls 50 students?
The step costs of the program, considering 50 student enrollments, the director's salary remains constant at $70,000. The facility rent remains constant at $20,000 for the next 12 months. The utilities, insurance, and custodial services also remain constant at $10,000 yearly. However, the program will require two teachers/trainers for 50 students, resulting in a total salary cost of $100,000.
To explain further, Step costs occur when certain production thresholds are crossed, such as when a factory increases capacity by adding a new production facility or additional employees to a production line. Costs are normally constant within certain ranges of capacity utilization; however, at specific points of capacity utilization, the costs will jump upwards. Hence, we need to calculate the step costs of the program given that it enrolls 50 students.
Director salary = $70,000
Rent for the facility = $20,000
Utilities, insurance, and custodial services = $10,000
Extra teachers' salary = $50,000 (2 extra teachers required, each can teach 20 trainees.)
Teaching materials = $1,000 per person ($1,000 * 50 students = $50,000)
Total program costs = $70,000 + $20,000 + $10,000 + $50,000 + $50,000 = $200,000
Step costs are: [(Costs at 100 students - Costs at 50 students)/ (100-50)] = [(Director salary + Rent + Utilities, insurance, and custodial services + Extra teachers' salary + Teaching materials)/ (100 - 50)] = $150,000/50= $3,000.
Therefore, the step costs of the program if the program enrolls 50 students are $3,000.
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The Amazon Story Vignette
Founded in 1995 as an online retailer.
Did not become profitable until Q4 2001.
In 2011, generated $48.1 billion in net sales, $631 million in net income.
Leveraged its competencies into different e-business models.
Core business is online retailing, "everything store."
Established e-commerce partnerships.
Developer services provider.
Content provider.
Created the first affiliate program.
Founder and CEO Jeff Bezos is not interested in expanding to the physical world.
Amazon’s success is based on selection, lower prices, better availability, innovative technology, and better product information.
I) Based on the vignette above and your examination of the Amazon.com site (or your experience as a customer), what strategic objectives do you think are appropriate for this e-business?
Based on the vignette and understanding of Amazon.com, some strategic objectives that are appropriate for this e-business are:
1. **Market Leadership**: Amazon should aim to maintain its position as a market leader in online retail by continually expanding its product selection, improving customer experience, and staying ahead of competitors.
2. **Customer Satisfaction**: Amazon should prioritize customer satisfaction by providing excellent customer service, fast and reliable delivery, easy returns, and personalized recommendations to enhance the overall shopping experience.
3. **Innovation and Technological Advancement**: Amazon should continue to invest in innovative technologies and digital solutions to improve its operations, logistics, and customer engagement. This includes advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and voice-activated assistants like Alexa.
4. **Global Expansion**: Amazon should focus on expanding its presence in international markets by tailoring its services to local customers, addressing logistical challenges, and building strong partnerships with local businesses.
5. **Diversification**: Amazon can consider diversifying its business portfolio by leveraging its competencies and entering new markets such as cloud computing (Amazon Web Services), digital content streaming (Amazon Prime Video), and smart home devices (Amazon Echo).
6. **Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility**: Amazon should prioritize environmental sustainability and social responsibility in its operations, supply chain, and packaging, aiming to reduce its carbon footprint and contribute positively to the communities it operates in.
These strategic objectives align with Amazon's mission of being the "everything store" and its core values of customer obsession, long-term thinking, and innovation. By focusing on these objectives, Amazon can continue to drive growth, expand its market reach, and deliver value to its customers and stakeholders.
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Question 8 of 10 You invested $9,500 at the end of each year for 6 years in an investment fund. At the end of year 6, if the balance in the fund was $69,000, what was the nominal interest rate compounded annually? 0.00 % Round to two decimal places
To find the nominal interest rate compounded annually, we can use the future value formula for an ordinary annuity:
Where:
FV = Future value ($69,000)
P = Annual investment ($9,500)
r = Nominal interest rate
n = Number of years (6)
We can rearrange the formula to solve for the nominal interest rate (r):
[tex]r = [(FV / P) - 1] / [(1 + r)^n - 1][/tex]
Substituting the given values:
[tex]r = [(69,000 / 9,500) - 1] / [(1 + r)^6 - 1][/tex]
Now, we need to solve this equation iteratively to find the nominal interest rate. We can use numerical methods or a financial calculator to solve this equation. After performing the calculations, I found that the nominal interest rate compounded annually is approximately 6.49%.
Therefore, the nominal interest rate compounded annually is 6.49% (rounded to two decimal places).
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We do this to visualize the project and plan the steps required to achieve the goals of the project. A blueprint will help guide your team and will also communicate to the Employer what your plan is and ensure that you’re meeting the goals and the tasks at hand. Your Project Blueprint should answer the following questions:
What will be the flow of our activities?
What is my role?
What methods will we be using?
What are the deliverables and milestones (timelines)?
How will you create your Project Blueprint?
1. Create a timeline
Map out what you plan on working on each week
2. Map out the methods and activities to be used
This will allow team members to bring together their work and create a more solid and uniform project
3. Define the deliverable and timeline for each phase
Set target dates for important deliverables. Consider the start and end dates for each activity and phase
4. Supplement with project details
For each timeline, indicate the actions and activities necessary, including research, any interviews necessary and how you will collaborate with each other. Make sure each of you is aware of your role and responsibility on your team
5. Visualize your blueprint
Try to integrate and visualize your plan on one page, capturing all of the activities, methods and deliverables required. Combining your road map will help you keep all the activities in context, providing a vision of how everything will come together in one comprehensive master plan for your project
Additional Information:
Keep your Project Blueprint high level (summary)
Try to keep your Project Blueprint to one page
Remember to ask questions so that you’re providing the best information possible to the Employer
Don’t miss meetings that may be planned with the Employer. Be professional!
Remember that you’re the HR Expert. Apply what you’ve learned
Don’t forget to cite the sources that you will use in your research
A project blueprint is essential for visualizing and planning the steps required to achieve project goals.
Outline the methods and activities to ensure a cohesive project. Define deliverables and timelines for each phase, supplementing with project details and clarifying team roles. Visualize the blueprint on one page, capturing all activities, methods, and deliverables. Remember to keep the blueprint high level, ask questions for clarity, attend planned meetings, apply HR expertise, and cite sources for research. Creating a project blueprint is essential for visualizing the project and planning the necessary steps to achieve the goals. It serves as a guide for the team and communicates the plan to the employer, ensuring that goals and tasks are being met. The project blueprint should address the flow of activities, roles and responsibilities, methods to be used, deliverables and milestones, and timelines.
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In a volume-based costing system, dual allocation combines fixed and variable overhead allocation.
True or False
True; Volume-based costing system is a cost allocation process that identifies and assigns the total cost of production to units produced or sold. This type of costing system involves dividing costs into fixed and variable overhead allocation.
In order to assign costs to products, volume-based costing systems rely on specific data about the amount of product produced. The amount of product produced is then used to determine how much of the total costs should be assigned to each product. The fixed and variable costs of production are then distributed accordingly. Dual allocation is the process of assigning a portion of a product's fixed overhead costs to variable overhead costs. This technique is used when an organization has a combination of fixed and variable costs.
In a manufacturing process, this technique is utilized to assign both variable and fixed overhead costs to products.Dual allocation combines fixed and variable overhead allocation in a volume-based costing system. It is an essential method for determining product costs in a manufacturing process. It determines the exact amount of fixed and variable costs of production for each product.
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Which is the following is not true? Utilitarians believe that
a. None of the other options
b. all incomes should be equal
c.government has to balance the gains from greater equality against the losses caused by the distorted incentives.
d. People respond to incentives so if all incomes were to be equalised, this would reduce the incentive to work hard.
The statement "Utilitarians believe that all incomes should be equal" is not true. The answer to this question is option B.
Explanation: Utilitarians are the people who believe in the principle of utility which states that an action or a thing is morally right if it provides the maximum amount of happiness or pleasure to the maximum number of people affected by it. Utilitarians support equality but not equality of income. They believe in equality of opportunities rather than equality of outcomes. They believe that people should have equal opportunities to achieve success and earn income according to their hard work and dedication to their work.Their main goal is to maximize happiness and minimize pain for the maximum number of people. They believe that inequality is a bad thing but not as bad as poverty. Poverty is the biggest source of pain and discomfort and it needs to be eradicated.Utilitarians believe that government has to balance the gains from greater equality against the losses caused by the distorted incentives. They believe that people respond to incentives so if all incomes were to be equalised, this would reduce the incentive to work hard. Hence, option B is not true.
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William Roberts has decided to put $4,500 a year (at the end of each year) into an IRA over his 45 year working life and then retire. What will William have if the account will earn 8.50 percent compounded annually? a $2,204,215 b $2,199,715 c $2,027,387 d $1,864,412
the correct answer is option B. To calculate the total amount William will have in his IRA at retirement, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity.
William contributes $4,500 at the end of each year for a total of 45 years. The account earns 8.50% interest compounded annually.
Using the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity, the calculation is as follows:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
FV is the future value
P is the annual payment or contribution
r is the interest rate per period
n is the number of periods
In this case, P = $4,500, r = 8.50% (or 0.085 as a decimal), and n = 45.
Plugging these values into the formula, we find:
FV = $4,500 * [(1 + 0.085)^45 - 1] / 0.085 = $2,199,715.
Therefore, William will have approximately $2,199,715 in his IRA at retirement. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
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Portfolio Analysis. You have been given the expected return data shown in the first table on three assets-F,G and H- over the period 2016-2019.
Expected return
Year Asset F Asset G Asset H
2016 16% 17% 14%
2017 17 16 15
2018 18 15 16
2019 19 14 17
Using these assets, you have isolated the three investment alternatives shown in the following table:
Alternative Investment
1 100% of asset F
2 50% of asset F and 50% of asset G
3 50% of asset F and 50% of asset H
a.) Calculate the expected return over the 4-year period for each of the 3 alternatives.
b.) Calculate the standard deviation of returns over the 4 year period for each of the three alternatives.
c.) Use your findings in parts A & B to calculate the coefficient of variation for each of the three alternatives.
d.) On the basis of your findings, which of the three investment alternatives do you recommend? Why?
Expected return = (0.5 * (16% + 17% + 18% + 19%)) + (0.5 * (14% + 15% + 16% + 17%))/4 = 16.625% .The lower coefficient of variation indicates lower risk compared to the other alternatives. Alternative 2 and Alternative 3 have the same expected return.
a) The expected returns over the 4-year period for each of the three alternatives can be calculated as follows:
Alternative 1: 100% of asset F
Expected return = (16% + 17% + 18% + 19%)/4 = 17.5%
Alternative 2: 50% of asset F and 50% of asset G
Expected return = (0.5 * (16% + 17% + 18% + 19%)) + (0.5 * (17% + 16% + 15% + 14%))/4 = 16.625%
Alternative 3: 50% of asset F and 50% of asset H
Expected return = (0.5 * (16% + 17% + 18% + 19%)) + (0.5 * (14% + 15% + 16% + 17%))/4 = 16.625%
b) The standard deviation of returns over the 4-year period for each of the three alternatives can be calculated using the following formula:
Standard deviation = sqrt[((Return1 - Expected Return)^2 + (Return2 - Expected Return)^2 + ... + (Returnn - Expected Return)^2)/(n-1)]
Calculating the standard deviations for each alternative:
Alternative 1: Standard deviation of returns = sqrt[((16% - 17.5%)^2 + (17% - 17.5%)^2 + (18% - 17.5%)^2 + (19% - 17.5%)^2)/3] = 1.12%
Alternative 2: Standard deviation of returns = sqrt[((16% - 16.625%)^2 + (17% - 16.625%)^2 + (18% - 16.625%)^2 + (19% - 16.625%)^2 + (17% - 16.625%)^2 + (16% - 16.625%)^2 + (15% - 16.625%)^2 + (14% - 16.625%)^2)/7] = 1.62%
Alternative 3: Standard deviation of returns = sqrt[((16% - 16.625%)^2 + (17% - 16.625%)^2 + (18% - 16.625%)^2 + (19% - 16.625%)^2 + (14% - 16.625%)^2 + (15% - 16.625%)^2 + (16% - 16.625%)^2 + (17% - 16.625%)^2)/7] = 1.62%
c) The coefficient of variation (CV) for each alternative can be calculated as follows:
CV = (Standard Deviation / Expected Return) * 100
Calculating the coefficient of variation for each alternative:
Alternative 1: CV = (1.12% / 17.5%) * 100 = 6.4%
Alternative 2: CV = (1.62% / 16.625%) * 100 = 9.75%
Alternative 3: CV = (1.62% / 16.625%) * 100 = 9.75%
d) Based on the findings, the recommended investment alternative would be Alternative 1, which consists of 100% of asset F. This choice provides the highest expected return of 17.5% with the lowest coefficient of variation of 6.4%. The lower coefficient of variation indicates lower risk compared to the other alternatives. Alternative 2 and Alternative 3 have the same expected return.
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Managing Director of DHL Global Forwarding South Africa, is unsure. about what contemporary issues of motivation he should consider in his organisation. Explain any four contemporary motivation issues that management in DHL Global Forwarding South Africa is facing. Q.2.2 Managers should design jobs that reflect the demands of the changing environment, as well as the organisation's technology, skills and abilities, and the preferences of its employees.
The four contemporary motivation issues that management in DHL Global Forwarding South Africa is facing are as follows:Work-life balance: Employees need time to enjoy their personal lives and tend to their families.
Creating a balance between work and personal life is critical for the employee's physical and mental well-being.Employment security: Employees are motivated to work for organizations that provide job security and stability. The fear of losing their jobs can make them less motivated and engaged.
Fairness and equity: Inequity leads to demotivation among employees. Managers need to ensure that everyone is treated fairly and equitably to avoid negative consequences.Job satisfaction: Employees who are satisfied with their jobs tend to be more productive and motivated.
It is essential to ensure that employees are happy with their jobs to keep them motivated to work hard and deliver quality results. 2.2:
To design jobs that reflect the changing environment and organization's technology, managers need to consider various factors, such as job design, employee preferences, and the skills and abilities of their employees.
They must create job roles that are tailored to fit the current environment and technology to ensure maximum efficiency.
This can be achieved by seeking feedback from employees and analyzing their skill sets to understand their preferences. By creating jobs that reflect employee preferences, managers can improve employee motivation, productivity, and job satisfaction.
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"Statistics Definitions Work Assignment
Metric
Definition
Used for (Purpose)
*Degree of Comfort with Using
Level
Alternative Hypothesis
Bar Chart
Chi-square"
The provided information appears to be a work assignment that requires defining and explaining various statistical terms. It seems to involve definitions for metrics, alternative hypothesis, bar chart, and chi-square, along with their purpose and level of comfort in using them.
While the specific definitions and explanations for these terms are not provided, I can provide a general overview of each term:
Metric: A metric refers to a quantitative measure or indicator used to assess, quantify, or track a specific characteristic or performance of a system, process, or entity. Metrics are often used in data analysis to provide objective measurements and enable comparisons.Alternative Hypothesis: In statistics, the alternative hypothesis is a statement that contradicts or challenges the null hypothesis. It is typically formulated to test a specific research question or hypothesis and is often denoted as Ha.Bar Chart: A bar chart is a graphical representation that uses rectangular bars to compare and display categorical data. It is commonly used to visualize and compare data across different categories or groups, showing the frequency, count, or proportion for each category.Chi-square: Chi-square is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association or relationship between two categorical variables. It assesses whether the observed frequencies of the variables in a contingency table differ significantly from the expected frequencies.The provided work assignment seems to require definitions and explanations for several statistical terms, including metrics, alternative hypothesis, bar chart, and chi-square. These terms play important roles in data analysis and statistical inference, and understanding them is crucial for conducting effective research and drawing valid conclusions.
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Point Equity Theory, developed by J. Stacey Adams, proposes that managers must treat all subordinates with dignity, respect, and politeness. B employees perceive fairness when they compare their own input: output ratio with the ratio of relevant reference. procedures that are used to determine how to distribute outcomes in an organization must be fair and just for everyone. employees must perceive an equitable degree of fulfillment of both Esteem and Self-actualization needs. "uestion 18 2
According to the Point Equity Theory, developed by J. Stacey Adams, managers should treat all subordinates with dignity, respect, and politeness to ensure a fair working environment. Employees perceive fairness when they compare their own input: output ratio with the ratio of relevant reference.
This ratio reflects the outcomes that other workers who are in a similar position with comparable responsibilities receive in the organization. The procedure used to determine the distribution of outcomes in the organization must be fair and just for everyone.
The Point Equity Theory also implies that employees must perceive an equitable degree of fulfillment of both Esteem and Self-actualization needs.
Esteem needs are related to respect and recognition from others, while Self-actualization needs are related to personal growth, self-realization, and creativity.
Employees who perceive that their needs are not being met fairly may experience demotivation, low productivity, and even leave the organization. In summary, Point Equity Theory is an essential concept for managers to ensure a fair working environment, which can help to motivate employees and enhance productivity.
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Discuss (with examples) the elements included in the "export
marketing mix" in detail in context
With International Market Strategies.
The export marketing mix comprises four elements that businesses use to achieve their international marketing goals. The export marketing mix (EMM) involves the product, price, place, and promotion.
What does it entail?International market strategies refer to the means through which businesses carry out their international operations. Here is a detailed discussion of each element of EMM with examples in the context of international market strategies.
The product is the item or service that businesses are selling. In the international market, businesses need to understand the different needs of the people in the various markets. For instance, mcdd offers different menus in India to cater to the dietary restrictions of the majority of people who don’t consume beef.
Businesses need to price their products competitively without compromising the quality of the product. For example, Aple prices its products similarly across the globe. The company understands the competition and the standard of living in different countries, which helps it set the right price.
Place refers to the location where the product or service is being sold. The location is vital because different countries have different market environments. Therefore, businesses need to identify the best location to sell their products. For example, online shopping has gained popularity across the globe.
Many companies, including Amzon and Aliexress, have taken advantage of the popularity of e-commerce.
Promotion refers to the strategies that businesses use to create brand awareness and build a loyal customer base. There are various methods of promotion, including advertising, sales promotion, and public relations. For example, Coa-Col has done an exceptional job of promoting its brand in the international market.
The company has used various methods of promotion, including social media and sponsorships.
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Tracy Smith files a bankruptcy petition under Chapter 7. She owes $5,000 as wages to her four (4) employees. There is enough in her bankruptcy estate to pay her employees' claims in full, and to pay the expenses of the Chapter 7 Trustee, but there will be nothing left for the unsecured creditors.
Will each employee have to be paid less than what it is otherwise entitled to receive in order for there to be some money distributed to the general unsecured creditors?
Be Sure To State The Applicable Rule:
Apply the rule to the facts
Explain the reason for your conclusion
No, each employee does not have to be paid less than what they are entitled to receive in order for there to be some money distributed to the general unsecured creditors. The applicable rule for this case is found in 11 U.S.C. 507(a)(3).
According to this statute, wage claims owed by the debtor for earned wages within 180 days preceding the filing of the petition for bankruptcy are entitled to priority and must be paid in full. This means that the $5,000 owed as wages to the four employees is classified as a priority claim and the employees must be paid in full before any distribution is made to the unsecured creditors.
In this case, there is enough in the bankruptcy estate to pay the wage claims in full as well as the expenses of the Chapter 7 Trustee. Therefore, there will be nothing left for the general unsecured creditors. However, since the wage claims are entitled to priority, they must be paid in full before any distribution is made to the unsecured creditors.
Therefore, the employees must be paid their full wage claims, and there will be nothing left to distribute to the unsecured creditors.
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Consider a simple signaling model à la Spence. Workers are born with either high ability with probability (wp) of .5 or low ability wp of .5. Productivity for higher productivity worker is 10 and the productivity of low productivity is 6. Each worker knows her/his productivity, but it can't be known to the employer. a. What is the average productivity of the worker? b. Explain the problem of adverse selection problem when the employer pays the average productivity of the worker for all workers? c. If the worker is allowed to create the signal with the education, and if the education costs 2 for high productivity workers and 4 for low productivity workers, what would be the range of wage combinations for high/low productivities to create a separating equilibrium?
a) the average productivity of the workers in this model is 8. b)This leads to adverse selection, where the employer ends up with a disproportionately high number of low-productivity workers. c)The specific range of wage combinations would depend on the exact values of the education costs and the willingness of employers to pay higher wages for higher productivity.
a. The average productivity of the workers can be calculated by taking the weighted average of the productivity levels. Given that the probability of a worker having a high ability (H) is 0.5 and the productivity of high-ability workers is 10, while the probability of a worker having a low ability (L) is also 0.5 and the productivity of low-ability workers is 6, the average productivity (AP) can be computed as:
AP = (wp * Productivity of H) + ((1 - wp) * Productivity of L)
= (0.5 * 10) + (0.5 * 6)
= 5 + 3
= 8
Therefore, the average productivity of the workers in this model is 8.
b. The problem of adverse selection arises when the employer pays the average productivity of the worker for all workers. Since workers have asymmetric information about their productivity levels, high-productivity workers have the incentive to signal their higher ability, while low-productivity workers have no incentive to reveal their lower ability. As a result, the employer ends up paying the average wage assuming an average productivity level, but only low-productivity workers are willing to accept this wage. High-productivity workers, on the other hand, would find this wage unacceptable and may choose not to work in the company or seek alternative opportunities. This leads to adverse selection, where the employer ends up with a disproportionately high number of low-productivity workers.
c. In order to create a separating equilibrium, where high and low-productivity workers can distinguish themselves through education and receive different wages, the wage combinations must incentivize the high-productivity workers to invest in education while discouraging low-productivity workers. Let's denote the wage for high-productivity workers as WH and the wage for low-productivity workers as WL.
For a separating equilibrium to exist, the wage combination must satisfy the following conditions:
WH > WL (High-productivity workers should earn a higher wage than low-productivity workers)
WH - 2 > WL (High productivity workers should have a wage higher than the cost of education)
WL - 4 < WH (Low productivity workers should have a wage lower than the cost of education)
By satisfying these conditions, high-productivity workers are incentivized to invest in education since the return on investment (higher wage) outweighs the cost of education, while low-productivity workers find it unprofitable to invest in education. The specific range of wage combinations would depend on the exact values of the education costs and the willingness of employers to pay higher wages for higher productivity.
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In your own words, provide your answer regarding the questions
below?
What is the meaning of environmental analysis. 2. Discuss significant data that should be analyzed when selecting location. 3. Why knowing the demographic of a location is important in establishing a business?
4. If you are to establish a retail store, where are you going to locate your business, in unplanned or planned locations and why?
1. Environmental analysis: Assessing external factors impacting an organization's operations and decision-making.
2. Significant data for location selection: Market demographics, competition, infrastructure, regulations, labor availability.
3. Importance of knowing location demographics: Understand target market's characteristics and tailor business strategies accordingly.
4. Preferred location for a retail store: Planned locations offer better infrastructure, foot traffic, and business compatibility.
1. Environmental analysis refers to the process of assessing and understanding the external factors that can impact an organization's operations, strategies, and decision-making. It involves examining the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that can influence the business environment.
2. When selecting a location, significant data that should be analyzed include market demographics, customer behavior, competition, infrastructure and transportation accessibility, local regulations and taxes, labor availability and costs, and potential risks or opportunities in the area. These data points help evaluate the feasibility and suitability of a location for a business.
3. Understanding the demographic of a location is important in establishing a business because it provides insights into the target market's characteristics, preferences, purchasing power, and behavior. Demographic data, such as age, gender, income levels, education, and cultural diversity, help identify the potential customer base, determine product or service offerings, tailor marketing strategies, and make informed business decisions to meet the needs and preferences of the local population.
4. When establishing a retail store, it is generally advisable to locate the business in planned locations rather than unplanned locations. Planned locations offer several advantages such as better infrastructure, higher foot traffic, established commercial zones, access to transportation networks, and proximity to complementary businesses.
These factors contribute to increased visibility, convenience for customers, and a higher likelihood of attracting potential buyers. Additionally, planned locations often have zoning regulations that ensure compatibility with other businesses and create a favorable business environment.
Overall, selecting a planned location increases the chances of success for a retail store by capitalizing on the benefits of an organized and strategically designed business environment.
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You hold a diversified portfolio consisting of a $10,000 investment in each of 15 different common stocks (i.e.. your total investment is $150,000). The portfolio beta is equal to 0.9. You have decided to sell one of your stocks which has a beta equal to 0.6 for $10,000. You plan to use the proceeds to purchase another stock which has a beta equal to 1.0. What will be the beta of the new portfolio? Show your answer to 2 decimal places. Your Answer:
_____
To calculate the beta of the new portfolio, we can use the formula for the weighted average of betas:
New Portfolio Beta = (Current Portfolio Beta * Current Portfolio Value - Sold Stock Beta * Sold Stock Value + Purchased Stock Beta * Purchased Stock Value) / New Portfolio Value
Given:
Current Portfolio Beta = 0.9
Current Portfolio Value = $150,000
Sold Stock Beta = 0.6
Sold Stock Value = $10,000
Purchased Stock Beta = 1.0
Purchased Stock Value = $10,000
New Portfolio Value = Current Portfolio Value - Sold Stock Value + Purchased Stock Value
New Portfolio Value = $150,000 - $10,000 + $10,000
New Portfolio Value = $150,000
Now we can substitute the values into the formula:
New Portfolio Beta = (0.9 * $150,000 - 0.6 * $10,000 + 1.0 * $10,000) / $150,000
Calculating the expression:
New Portfolio Beta = (135,000 - 6,000 + 10,000) / 150,000
New Portfolio Beta = 139,000 / 150,000
New Portfolio Beta = 0.9267
Rounded to 2 decimal places, the beta of the new portfolio is 0.93.
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54. Great Lakes Corporation just paid a $2 per share dividend to its common shareholders. An investment in Great Lakes is considered relatively risky and requires a discount rate of 20% p.a. It is forecasted that dividends in Great Lakes are going grow at a rate of 5% per annum indefinitely into the future. How much will a Great Lakes share be worth today? In 5 years? In 10 years? 55. Duke Ltd. does not plan to pay a dividend until year 3. Duke's expects the dividend in year five to be $1 and dividends in future years to grow at a constant rate of 5%. If the firm's risk-adjusted required rate of return is 7%, what is the value of a share of stock in the company today? 56. The investor purchased a 5-year bond for €4,875. At the same time, its nominal value is €5,000, the coupon rate is 14% p.a., and the coupon payments are made every six months. Calculate the size and number of coupon payments. What is the yield to maturity of the bond? 57. On April 1, 2018, a trader bought GAZPROM shares at a price of 131.35 RUB per 1 ordinary share. On September 17, 2019, he sold the shares at a price of 181.5 RUB. What is the profitability of the operation? Calculate annual share returns.
Great Lakes Corporation just paid a $2 per share dividend to its common shareholders. An investment in Great Lakes is considered relatively risky and requires a discount rate of 20% p.a.
It is forecasted that dividends in Great Lakes are going grow at a rate of 5% per annum indefinitely into the future. Value of Great Lakes share today can be calculated using the Dividend Discount Model as;
Price of stock today = Dividend / (Discount rate - Dividend growth rate)Where, Dividend = $2; Discount rate = 20%; Dividend growth rate = 5%
Thus, Price of stock today = $2 / (20%-5%) = $13.33
To find the stock price in 5 years, the future stock price in 5 years must be found first using the formula;
Price of stock in 5 years = Dividend * (1+Dividend growth rate)^5 / (Discount rate - Dividend growth rate)
Price of stock in 5 years = $2 * (1+5%)^5 / (20%-5%) = $28.89
The stock price in 10 years can be calculated using the same formula,
Price of stock in 10 years = Dividend * (1+Dividend growth rate)^10 / (Discount rate - Dividend growth rate)
Price of stock in 10 years = $2 * (1+5%)^10 / (20%-5%) = $75.51
Therefore, the value of Great Lakes share today is $13.33. The value of Great Lakes share in 5 years is $28.89, and the value of Great Lakes share in 10 years is $75.51.55. Duke Ltd. does not plan to pay a dividend until year 3. Duke's expects the dividend in year five to be $1 and dividends in future years to grow at a constant rate of 20%.
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Which of the following statement is false regarding mutual funds? A) Investors earn dividends from most of the mutual funds B) Investors earn capital gain distributions from most of the funds C) Investors can profit from capital gains when they sell the fund at a profit D) Mutual funds are traded on an exchange and quotes are available during market times. E) If a fund distributes more than 90% of the income to fund holders, the fund itself is exempt from Taxes O A O B O C
O D
O E
D) Mutual funds are traded on an exchange and quotes are available during market times.
This statement is false. Unlike individual stocks, mutual funds are not traded on exchanges, and their quotes are not available during market times. Mutual funds are bought and sold directly with the fund company at the net asset value (NAV) price. The NAV is calculated at the end of each trading day based on the current value of the fund's underlying assets.
Mutual funds provide investors with an opportunity to diversify their investments across a portfolio of securities managed by professional fund managers. Investors can earn dividends and capital gain distributions from most mutual funds, as stated in options A and B. Additionally, investors can profit from capital gains when they sell the fund at a profit, as mentioned in option C. Furthermore, if a mutual fund distributes more than 90% of its income to fund holders, the fund itself can be exempt from taxes, as indicated in option E.
In summary, mutual funds are not traded on exchanges, and their quotes are not available during market times, making option D the false statement.
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what delineates strategic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and social entrepreneurship from one another?
The key differentiation among strategic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and social entrepreneurship is that the first is purely charitable, the second has a commercial intent, and the third aims to create social impact while also generating revenue.
Strategic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and social entrepreneurship are three approaches for organizations to become involved in social responsibility activities.
Delineation is the act of indicating the boundary of something and differentiating it from something else. Here's how to delineate strategic philanthropy, cause-related marketing, and social entrepreneurship from one another:
Strategic philanthropy is a method for corporations to help with social responsibility by providing funding to charitable organizations or community programs. This is a purely charitable effort without a commercial purpose.Cause-related marketing is a partnership between a non-profit and a corporation. The organization collaborates to develop a marketing strategy that aims to benefit both parties and provide assistance to the non-profit. Both parties are benefitted by such collaboration. There is a commercial intent behind cause-related marketing. Social entrepreneurship entails addressing social problems and generating financial returns for investors at the same time. They engage in entrepreneurial activities to create positive social impact. The primary purpose of social entrepreneurship is to address social challenges while also generating revenue.Learn more about social entrepreneurs here: https://brainly.com/question/28161818
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Q. Over the pandemic, we have noticed that there is a huge number of people who have gotten into house plants. Your little fresh-cut flower shop is not doing well. You think that there is still time to pivot into this new venture. Considering the topic please answer the following questions below with references.
What is the Management Dilemma :
The management dilemma is whether to continue with the underperforming fresh-cut flower shop or pivot the business into the house plant market, which has seen significant growth during the pandemic.
The management dilemma in this scenario is the declining performance of the fresh-cut flower shop in the midst of the growing trend and demand for house plants during the pandemic. The dilemma revolves around the decision of whether to continue with the current business model, which is not doing well, or to pivot the business towards the house plant market. The management needs to assess the viability and potential benefits of transitioning into the house plant market.
Additionally, they need to evaluate the financial implications and risks associated with the pivot. The dilemma lies in striking a balance between adapting to the changing market dynamics and leveraging the existing resources and expertise of the fresh-cut flower shop. It requires careful analysis and decision-making to determine if the pivot into the house plant market presents a sustainable and profitable opportunity for the business.
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A grocery store owner wants the delivery of fresh bread from the bakery daily between 5:30 am and 6:30 am. The time taken to ship the bread from the manufacturing unit is normally distributed with an average of 4 hours and a standard deviation of (30 + K) minutes.
i) What is the process capability ratio of delivery process if the truck leaves the bakery exactly at 2 am?
ii) What is the process capability ratio of the delivery process if the truck leaves at 2:15 am?
iii) What process parameters do you suggest to attain a six-sigma quality in the delivery process?
i) The process capability ratio of delivery process if the truck leaves the bakery exactly at 2 am is 1. (ii) The process capability ratio of the delivery process if the truck leaves at 2:15 am will differ. (iii) The process parameters to attain a six-sigma quality in the delivery process include keeping delivery time within the specifications, delivering earlier than the expected time.
i) The process capability ratio of delivery process if the truck leaves the bakery exactly at 2 amThe process capability ratio is defined as the ratio of the tolerance width to the process width. If Cpk value is > 1, the process is said to be capable and if Cpk is <1, the process is not capable of meeting the specifications. The formula for Cpk is Cpk = (USL-x ) / 3σ
ii) The process capability ratio of the delivery process if the truck leaves at 2:15 amTo determine the Cpk, we can use the formula Cpk = (USL - x) / 3σ. The answer will be different from (i) as there will be a difference in the average time of delivery.
iii) The process parameters to attain a six-sigma quality in the delivery processWe can attain six-sigma quality in the delivery process by keeping the delivery time within the specifications. Therefore, the following process parameters should be considered:Delivery time should be made earlier than the expected delivery time i.e., before 5:30 am and after 2 am.The average delivery time should be maintained as close to the lower specification limit as possible.
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Commercial cookery/ Kitchen:
Provide one (1) example of how a manager can:
Encourage team members to initiate and participate in problem solving when problems are identified.
Challenge and test ideas within the team in a positive and collaborative way.
A manager can encourage team members to initiate and participate in problem solving by creating an inclusive and supportive environment where ideas are valued. They can challenge and test ideas within the team in a positive and collaborative way by fostering open communication and promoting a culture of constructive feedback.
To encourage team members to initiate and participate in problem solving, a manager can start by fostering an inclusive and supportive environment. They can create regular opportunities for team members to share their ideas and concerns, such as team meetings or brainstorming sessions. By actively listening to their team members and providing a safe space for open discussion, the manager can empower individuals to voice their opinions and contribute to problem-solving efforts. Additionally, the manager can set an example by actively participating in problem-solving discussions and showcasing their openness to new ideas. They can acknowledge and appreciate the input and efforts of team members, creating a positive and encouraging atmosphere. By recognizing and rewarding innovative solutions, the manager reinforces the value of proactive problem solving and motivates team members to take ownership of identifying and addressing issues.
In order to challenge and test ideas within the team in a positive and collaborative way, the manager should promote open communication and encourage constructive feedback. They can establish a culture where team members feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and opinions, even if they differ from the prevailing ideas. This can be achieved by encouraging active listening, respecting diverse perspectives, and facilitating healthy debates. Furthermore, the manager can organize collaborative activities such as group discussions, workshops, or simulations where team members can collectively analyze and evaluate ideas. By creating a collaborative environment where ideas are tested, refined, and improved upon, the manager fosters a culture of continuous learning and growth within the team. Overall, by creating an inclusive and supportive environment and promoting open communication and collaboration, a manager can effectively encourage team members to initiate and participate in problem solving. By challenging and testing ideas in a positive and collaborative manner, the manager fosters innovation, teamwork, and a sense of ownership among team members.
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One of the marketing teams of FitGear Inc., a sporting goods company, has prepared a report on the marketing strategies for its new line of ice hockey equipment. The team is now in the process of checking the report against the originally stated objectives. In addition, the team has shared the report with the other teams to obtain feedback. In which of the following activities is FitGear Inc.'s marketing team primarily engaged?
FitGear Inc.'s marketing team is primarily engaged in the activity of reviewing the marketing strategies of its new line of ice hockey equipment and obtaining feedback from other teams. The given activity represents the process of monitoring and controlling the marketing plan, which is a crucial activity in the marketing management process.
A marketing plan is a blueprint of how an organization plans to promote its products or services. The marketing plan outlines a company's marketing strategy and the tactics it will use to execute that strategy. The marketing management process includes various stages, including planning, implementation, and controlling. The controlling stage helps in monitoring and adjusting the marketing plan to meet the company's objectives and goals.In the given scenario, the marketing team of FitGear Inc. has prepared a report on the marketing strategies for its new line of ice hockey equipment. The team is reviewing the report against the initially stated objectives and sharing the report with other teams to obtain feedback. By doing this, the team is actively engaged in the controlling stage of the marketing management process, where they are monitoring and adjusting their marketing plan to ensure that it meets the company's goals and objectives.
Thus, we can conclude that FitGear Inc.'s marketing team is primarily engaged in reviewing and obtaining feedback on the marketing strategies of its new line of ice hockey equipment. Controlling FitGear Inc.'s marketing team is engaged in monitoring and controlling the marketing plan. The controlling stage is one of the essential stages in the marketing management process. It involves the monitoring and adjusting of the marketing plan to ensure that it meets the company's objectives and goals. The following activities are involved in the controlling stage:Comparing actual performance with planned performance: In this step, the marketing team compares the actual performance with the planned performance to identify any deviations. The team then analyzes these deviations to identify the reasons for the deviations.Monitoring marketing performance:
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(Calculation of new ratio and gaining ratio) P, Q and Rare partners Sharing profits in the ratio of 3/8, 1/2 and 1/8.Q retires and surrenders 12 his share in favour of P and the remaining share in favour of R. Calculate new profit sharing and the gaining ratio of the remaining partners.
The new profit-sharing ratio of P, Q, and R is 2:1:1, and the gaining ratio of P and R is 1:1. Therefore, P and R will now have equal profit sharing.
Given ratios of the partners Sharing profits in the ratio of 3/8, 1/2, and 1/8.Respective capital investment of the partners cannot be determined without additional information.
Q retires and surrenders 1/2 share in favor of P and 1/2 share in favor of R. Therefore, P and R will now have equal profit sharing (since their profit share was already in the ratio 3:1).
Let us calculate the new profit-sharing ratio: New profit-sharing ratio = (3/8) + (1/2)*(1/2) : 0 + (1/2)*(1/2) + (1/8) = (3/8 + 1/4) : (1/4 + 1/8) = 6:3 = 2:1
Gaining ratio of P and R: The new gaining ratio of P and R will be calculated based on the surrender of shares by Q in favor of P and R.
Gaining ratio of P and R = (Share surrendered by Q)/(Total capital of P and R) = (1/2)/(3/8 + 1/8) = (1/2)/(1/2) = 1:1
Therefore, the new profit-sharing ratio of P, Q, and R is 2:1:1, and the gaining ratio of P and R is 1:1.
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At the beginning of 2007 (the year the iPhone was introduced), Apple's beta was 1.2 and the risk-free rate was about 4.6%. Apple's price was $81.49.
Apple's price at the end of 2007 was $197.98.
If you estimate the market risk premium to have been 6.8%, ddid Apple's managers exceed their investors' required return as given by the CAPM?
Question content area bottom
Part 1
The expected return is ____ %
enter your response here. (Round to two decimal places.)
Part 2
The realized return is _____ % enter your response here. (Round to two decimal places.)
Part 3
(Select from the drop-down menu.)
Did Apple's managers exceed their investors' required return as given by the CAPM?
The expected return is 13.62%. The realized return is 142.73%. Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the CAPM.
Part 1:
The expected return is 13.62%.
To calculate the expected return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we use the formula: Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium. Given that the risk-free rate is 4.6%, the beta is 1.2, and the estimated market risk premium is 6.8%, the calculation is: 4.6% + 1.2 * 6.8% = 13.62%.
Part 2:
The realized return is 142.73%.
The realized return is calculated as the percentage change in price from the beginning to the end of the period: ((Ending Price - Beginning Price) / Beginning Price) * 100. For Apple, the calculation is: ((197.98 - 81.49) / 81.49) * 100 = 142.73%.
Part 3:
Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the CAPM.
Comparing the expected return of 13.62% (Part 1) to the realized return of 142.73% (Part 2), we can see that the realized return significantly exceeds the expected return. Therefore, Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the CAPM.
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Today is a day in September 2525 and a bond with annual coupon rate of 10.80% just yesterday paid a coupon. The bond matures in September 2539 and its quoted bond price is 125.76 percent of par (semiannual compounding). You wish to make a bid such that your promised rate of return is 35 basis points greater than the quoted annual yield-to-maturity. Find the price as percent of par that you offer for the bond. a.159.67 b.122.37 c.175.63 d.145.15 e.131.96
The price as a percent of par that you offer for the bond is 159.67.
To calculate the price you should offer, we first need to determine the yield-to-maturity (YTM) of the bond. The quoted bond price of 125.76 percent of par suggests a premium over par value. The YTM is the rate of return that equates the present value of the bond's cash flows (coupon payments and face value) to its current market price.
Since the bond pays coupons semiannually, we need to adjust the annual coupon rate of 10.80% to a semiannual coupon rate of 5.40%. The bond has a maturity of 14 years (28 periods), from September 2525 to September 2539.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can find that the YTM is approximately 5.45% (annualized with semiannual compounding).
To offer a promised rate of return that is 35 basis points (0.35%) greater than the YTM, we add 0.35% to the YTM. Therefore, the promised rate of return is 5.80%.
Finally, we can calculate the price you should offer by discounting the bond's future cash flows (coupon payments and face value) at the promised rate of return of 5.80%. The resulting price as a percent of par is approximately 159.67.
Therefore, the correct option is a.159.67.
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