Argentina is the country that linked its currency to the US dollar at parity and faced a crisis as the dollar appreciated against the rest of the world.So option b is correct.
In 1991, Argentina passed the Convertibility Law, which pegged the Argentine peso to the US dollar at a one-to-one exchange rate. This policy was initially successful in stabilizing the Argentine economy and reducing inflation. However, over time, the strong dollar made Argentine exports less competitive and contributed to a growing trade deficit. In 2001, Argentina defaulted on its foreign debt and the Convertibility Law was abandoned. The peso was devalued and the Argentine economy went into a deep recession.
The Convertibility Law was a controversial policy. Some economists argue that it was a necessary measure to stabilize the Argentine economy after years of hyperinflation. Others argue that it was a mistake to peg the peso to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate, and that this policy ultimately led to the Argentine financial crisis of 2001.
The Convertibility Law is an example of a currency peg. A currency peg is a policy in which a country fixes the exchange rate of its currency to another currency, such as the US dollar. Currency pegs can be used to stabilize the exchange rate and reduce inflation. However, they can also make it difficult for a country to adjust to changes in the global economy.
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Please show answer with formula calculations. Thank
you.
If corporate bonds are traded 4% above the government bond rate of 8% and the recovery rate on defaulted loan is 50%. What is the premium?
If corporate bonds are traded 4% above the government bond rate of 8% and the recovery rate on defaulted loan is 50% then, Premium = 8% which means that investors demand an additional 8% return for investing in corporate bonds instead of government bonds.
The corporate bond rate is the government bond rate plus a spread. The spread is the difference between the two rates. The recovery rate is the percentage of the loan that is repaid if the borrower defaults.
Formula to calculate the premium is given below:
Premium = (Corporate Bond Rate - Risk-Free Rate) / (1 - Recovery Rate)
Where, CBR = Corporate Bond Rate
RFR = Risk-Free Rate
RR = Recovery Rate Given that,
The government bond rate (RFR) = 8%
Corporate bonds are traded 4% above the government bond rate
(CBR = RFR + 4%) = 8 + 4 = 12%
Recovery rate (RR) = 50%
Now, putting the values in the formula we get;
Premium = (12% - 8%) / (1 - 50%)Premium
= 4% / 0.5
= 8%
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a. MF Corporation has an ROE of 16% and a plowback ratio of 50%. If the coming year's earnings are expected to be $4 per share, at what price will the stock sell? The market capitalization rate is 12%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Price ____ b. What price do you expect MF shares to sell for in three years? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Price ____
a. The stock is expected to sell at a price of $100 based on the Gordon Growth Model. b. In three years, the expected price of MF shares is $25.
a. To calculate the price at which the stock will sell, we can use the Gordon Growth Model (also known as the Dividend Discount Model). The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
Price = D1 / (r - g)
Where:
D1 = Expected dividends per share in the next year
r = Market capitalization rate (required rate of return)
g = Growth rate of dividends
In this case, the plowback ratio is 50%, which means that 50% of earnings are reinvested and the remaining 50% is paid out as dividends. Therefore, the growth rate of dividends (g) is given by:
g = ROE * plowback ratio
= 16% * 50%
= 8%
The expected dividends per share (D1) are $4, and the market capitalization rate (r) is 12%.
Now we can calculate the price at which the stock will sell:
Price = $4 / (0.12 - 0.08)
= $4 / 0.04
= $100
Therefore, the stock is expected to sell at a price of $100.
b. To calculate the expected price of MF shares in three years, we can use the Gordon Growth Model again. However, we need to consider the future dividends and growth rate.
The future dividends per share (D4) can be calculated using the plowback ratio and the expected earnings per share:
D4 = Earnings per share * plowback ratio³
= $4 * (50%)³
= $1
The growth rate (g) remains the same at 8%. The market capitalization rate (r) also remains the same at 12%.
Now we can calculate the expected price of MF shares in three years:
Price = $1 / (0.12 - 0.08)
= $1 / 0.04
= $25
Therefore, the expected price of MF shares in three years is $25.
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At the beginning of each week, a machine is either running or broken down. If the machine runs throughout the week, it earns a revenue of $100. If the machine breaks down during a week, it earns no revenue for that week. If the machine is running at the beginning of the week, it has a 75% chance of breaking down during that week. We may either do nothing or perform maintenance or replace the machine. If maintenance is performed the chances of a breakdown reduce to 25%. Maintenance costs is $20. Replacing the machine with a new one costs $80 but the new machine is guaranteed to run throughout the first week of its operation. If the machine breaks down during a week, it must be repaired or replaced at the beginning of the following week. Repairing a machine, costs $40 and the probability that a repaired machine will break down during the week is %25. Maintenance, repair, and replacement occur instantaneously, meaning that these actions take an instant and the machine starts working for the week immediately. Use dynamic programming to determine a repair, replacement, and maintenance policy that maximizes the expected net profit earned over a three-week period. Assume that the machine is running at the beginning of the first week. Write down how you define the stages, the states, and the decisions clearly. Express the optimal strategy explicitly.
The dynamic programming calculations should be performed based on these specific values to obtain the optimal strategy.
To solve this problem using dynamic programming, we define the stages, states, and decisions as follows:
Stages:
- Week 1
- Week 2
- Week 3
States:
- Running: The machine is running at the beginning of the week.
- Broken: The machine is broken down at the beginning of the week.
Decisions:
- Do nothing: Take no action and continue with the current state.
- Perform maintenance: Perform maintenance on the machine, reducing the probability of a breakdown.
- Replace: Replace the machine with a new one.
We can represent the problem using a three-week, two-state Markov decision process (MDP). Let's denote the expected net profit earned at the beginning of week t in state s as V(t, s), where t = 1, 2, 3 and s = Running, Broken.
The optimal strategy can be found by computing the values V(t, s) using dynamic programming and determining the decisions that maximize the expected net profit.
1. Initialization:
V(3, Running) = $100 (The machine is running in the third week.)
V(3, Broken) = $0 (The machine is broken down in the third week.)
2. Dynamic Programming:
For t = 2, 1 and s = Running, Broken, calculate V(t, s) as follows:
V(t, Running) = max { $100 + V(t + 1, Running), $0 + V(t + 1, Broken) }
(Do nothing and continue running, or the machine breaks down)
V(t, Broken) = max { $0 + V(t + 1, Broken), $20 + V(t + 1, Running), $80 + V(t + 1, Running) }
(Do nothing and continue broken, perform maintenance, or replace the machine)
3. Optimal Strategy:
By comparing the values obtained in the previous step, determine the decisions that maximize the expected net profit at each stage and state. This will give you the optimal repair, replacement, and maintenance policy for each week.
For example, if V(1, Running) + $100 + V(2, Running) > V(1, Broken) + $20 + V(2, Running) + $80, then the optimal decision for week 1 and state Running is to do nothing and continue running.
Continue this process for all stages and states to determine the complete optimal strategy.
The specific values for V(t, s) will depend on the probabilities and costs provided in the problem statement. The dynamic programming calculations should be performed based on these specific values to obtain the optimal strategy.
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News Media 2 (dated March 2021) indicated that rates were not expected to rise until at least 2024, yet News Media 3 (dated May 2022) contradicted this. What would explain why the Reserve Bank decided to raise rates so soon?
Group of answer choices:
(a)Real wages rose overtime
(b)Nominal wages fell overtime
(c)The economy was above full employment
(d)Higher prices contributing to the higher cost of living
The most plausible explanation for the Reserve Bank deciding to raise rates sooner than expected would be option
(d) - higher prices contributing to the higher cost of living.
When higher prices contribute to an increase in the cost of living, it indicates inflationary pressures in the economy. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money, making goods and services more expensive over time. To combat inflation and stabilize the economy, central banks, such as the Reserve Bank, may choose to raise interest rates.
By raising interest rates, the Reserve Bank aims to reduce consumer spending and borrowing, which can help curb inflationary pressures. Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, leading to reduced consumption and investment. This, in turn, can help moderate inflation by decreasing overall demand in the economy.
The decision to raise rates sooner than expected suggests that the Reserve Bank was concerned about rising inflationary pressures and believed that preemptive action was necessary to address the situation. This decision is likely driven by a desire to maintain price stability and manage the overall health of the economy.
if the Reserve Bank decided to raise rates sooner than anticipated, it would be primarily due to concerns over rising inflation and the need to curb inflationary pressures in the economy.
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Business partners Mike and Ike, have a tax office in Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles county. Usually, they employ four full-time tax professionals in their office. Between early January and late March, demand for their tax service increases significantly. Hence, they hire additional part-time workers during the busy season. Using these part-time employees during busy periods of demand is an example of:
a. Yield Management
b. Chasing capacity
c. Chasing demand
d. Limiting capacity
Using these part-time employees during busy periods of demand is an example of- c. Chasing demand.
What is this demand?Chasing demand is a strategy used by companies to accommodate changes in consumer demand by matching the amount of goods and services available to the amount demanded at any specific time.
In other words, businesses are adapting their production and operations to meet the changing needs of their consumers.
For example, hiring part-time workers during the busy season is an example of chasing demand as Business partners Mike and Ike have done.
Thus, the correct option is c. Chasing demand.
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Harvey's Gravel and Sand has contracted to provide topsoil for three township development projects. Topsoil that can be supplied from three different farms and the demand for the topsoil generated by the construction projects, in cubic meters, are as follows: Farm Weekly Capacity (cu.m) Project Weekly Demand (cu.m) Farm A 100 Project 1 50 Farm B 200 Project 2 150 Farm C 300 Project 3 300 The manager of Harvey's has decided to utilize two warehouses as transshipment points for temporary storage of topsoil. The point-to-point unit shipping costs appear in the tables below. ΤΟ FROM Warehouse 1 Warehouse 2 Farm A 3 2 Farm B 4 3 Farm C 2.5 3.5 ΤΟ FROM Project 1 Project 2 1 Project 3 4 Warehouse 1 2 Warehouse 2 3 2 5 Determine a distribution plan
The distribution plan for the Harvey's Gravel and Sand company is as follows:
Allocate topsoil from Farm A to Warehouse 2 and Warehouse 1.
Allocate topsoil from Farm B to Warehouse 2 and Warehouse 1.
Allocate topsoil from Farm C to Warehouse 2 and Warehouse 1.
Allocate topsoil from Warehouse 2 to Project 1, Project 2 and Project 3.
Allocate topsoil from Warehouse 1 to Project 1 and Project 3.
The distribution plan is a comprehensive operational planning instrument that outlines an organization's objectives and strategies for delivering goods and services to the appropriate place at the appropriate time, and in the desired condition and quantity to meet customers' expectations.
The distribution plan's purpose is to provide customers with the greatest level of satisfaction possible while also lowering the overall distribution expenses of an organization.
The distribution plan provides a framework for determining where, when, and how goods are delivered, as well as how much will be spent on each step of the distribution process.
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Emily Hogan recently opened a new business. The business has been very successful and as a reward for all her hard work Emily spent a day at the local spa. Emily paid for the spa using a company credit card and charged the amount to the expense account called Repairs and Maintenance expense. Emily's actions violated which of the following? O the going concern assumption O the monetary unit concept O the historical cost measurement method O the reporting entity concept
Emily Hogan's decision to pay for a day at the local spa using a company credit card and charging the amount to the expense account called Repairs and Maintenance expense violates the "Reporting Entity Concept."This is because the reporting entity concept states that a business should be treated as a separate entity, apart from its owners, and other businesses.
The concept of the reporting entity recognizes that there are many stakeholders in a business who depend on information about the business for a variety of purposes. These stakeholders include owners, investors, lenders, customers, suppliers, employees, government agencies, and the public.The reporting entity concept is used to establish the boundary of the reporting entity and identify the transactions that should be included in the financial statements of the entity. By treating the business as a separate entity, transactions that are personal should not be included in the financial records of the businessEmily's actions are a violation of the reporting entity concept because she used the company's credit card to pay for a personal expense. Since the company's credit card was used, it's likely that the company will have to bear the cost of this personal expense. By charging the spa fee to the Repairs and Maintenance expense account, Emily has concealed the true nature of the transaction, which is not an expense for the business, but a personal expense for Emily.For such more question on stakeholders
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Suppose there are 100 firms in a perfectly competitive industry. Each firm has a U-shaped, long-run average cost curve that reaches a minimum of $10 at an output level of 8 units. Marginal costs are given by
and market demand is given by
MC(q) = q + 2 Q = 1000 − 20P.
Find the long-run equilibrium in this market and determine the consumer and producer surplus (in this case, the areas of the triangles).
Suppose instead there was a single supplier whose marginal cost curve is
MC(Q)= 1 Q+2 100
i) Find the monopolist’s total revenue curve, TR(Q).
ii) If the monopolist’s marginal revenue is MR(Q) = 50 − Q , what is its optimal supply?
The consumer and producer surplus (in this case, the areas of the triangles) are $500 and $125, respectively.
(i) The total revenue curve TR(Q) can be found by multiplying the quantity Q by the price P.
(ii) The monopolist's optimal supply is approximately 16.67 units.
In a perfectly competitive market with 100 firms, the long-run equilibrium occurs when each firm produces at the minimum point of its U-shaped average cost curve. Given the marginal cost equation MC(q) = q + 2Q = 1000 - 20P, we can set it equal to the price P to find the equilibrium quantity. Solving for P, we get P = $50. Substituting this back into the marginal cost equation, we find Q = 25. Thus, each firm produces 25 units, resulting in a total market supply of 2500 units.
Consumer surplus can be calculated as the area above the market price and below the demand curve, which is a triangle with a base of 25 units and a height of $50 - $10 = $40. Therefore, consumer surplus is (1/2) * 25 * 40 = $500. Producer surplus can be calculated as the area below the market price and above the supply curve, which is also a triangle with a base of 25 units and a height of $10. Hence, producer surplus is (1/2) * 25 * 10 = $125.
In the case of a single monopolistic supplier with the marginal cost curve MC(Q) = 1Q + 2/100, the total revenue curve TR(Q) can be found by multiplying the quantity Q by the price P.
Since the monopolist is the sole supplier, the price is determined by the demand curve. Given the marginal revenue MR(Q) = 50 - Q, the monopolist's optimal supply occurs where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Equating MR(Q) with MC(Q), we have 50 - Q = 1Q + 2/100. Solving for Q, we find Q = 16.67 units. Therefore, the monopolist's optimal supply is approximately 16.67 units.
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reading out loud is an effective strategy for proofreading a written work. True or False
True. reading out loud is an effective strategy for proofreading a written work.
Reading out loud is indeed an effective strategy for proofreading a written work. When we read silently, our brains have a tendency to fill in missing words or overlook errors. However, reading out loud forces us to pay closer attention to each word and sentence, making it easier to identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, awkward phrasing, or unclear sentences.
By hearing the words spoken aloud, we can also detect issues with flow, rhythm, and overall coherence in the writing. Reading out loud engages both our visual and auditory senses, enhancing our ability to spot errors and improve the quality of the written work.
Reading out loud is a valuable technique for proofreading and improving the quality of a written work, making the statement true.
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describe the advantages and limitations of scoring models in project selection.
Scoring models offer objectivity, consistency, and decision support in project selection. However, they may have limitations related to subjective criteria, limited perspective, inflexibility, and potential weighting issues.
Scoring models offer several advantages in project selection, but they also have certain limitations to consider.
Advantages of scoring models:
Objectivity: Scoring models provide an objective and systematic approach to evaluate and compare projects based on predetermined criteria.
Consistency: Scoring models ensure consistency in evaluating projects by applying the same set of criteria to all options.
Decision Support: Scoring models serve as decision support tools, providing a structured framework for project evaluation.
Limitations of scoring models:
Subjective Criteria: The effectiveness of scoring models relies on the quality of criteria chosen.
Limited Perspective: Scoring models typically focus on quantitative factors and may overlook qualitative or strategic aspects.
Lack of Flexibility: Scoring models are static frameworks that may not easily accommodate changes or dynamic circumstances during the project evaluation process.
Weighting Issues: Assigning weights to different criteria involves subjectivity and can influence the overall outcome.
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In the video clip, "What the Federal Reserve Can do to Fight Recession," what are examples of tools used by the Fed in its role as lender of last resort? a. Purchase of repos b. commercial paper facility c. Swap lines d. All of the other options
What the Federal Reserve Can do to Fight Recession, what are examples of tools used by the Fed in its role as lender of last resort - d. All of the other options.
The Federal Reserve System, or the Fed, has several roles in managing the economy of the United States. One of them is that of lender of last resort. This implies that the Fed serves as a backstop when banks and other financial institutions are unable to obtain funds from other sources. Here are some tools used by the Fed in its capacity as a lender of last resort:
1. Purchase of repos: The Fed may use repos, or repurchase agreements, to lend money to financial institutions. In this case, the Fed buys securities from the bank with the agreement to sell them back at a future date. This is a short-term loan that helps the bank maintain liquidity.
2. Commercial paper facility: The Fed can also lend money to businesses by buying commercial paper, which is a short-term debt instrument. This helps companies obtain the financing they need to continue operating.
3. Swap lines: The Fed has established swap lines with other central banks around the world. This enables the Fed to lend dollars to foreign banks, which helps maintain global liquidity.
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In a recent Financial Times article (Parkin, 2021), Bandan Bank's founder (India's largest microlender) reflects upon the Covid-19 impact on the microloan business, and says "... it will take until at least 2024 for businesses to return to pre-Covid levels... microfinance group meetings, which recently restarted after several months, are yielding positive results. There is a challenge. But when group meetings are happening and the customers are coming, then it's also a little bit better,' he says. "Aspiration comes to group borrowers from others. They are saying, 'How are you [paying]? What are you doing? My business is at a loss.' They learn from other group members. The group meetings are an example of what approach in the Microfinance Handbook: a, social intermediation b. medical intermediation c. financial intermediation d. none of these
Based on the article about Bandhan Bank, the group meetings are an example of the approach in the Microfinance Handbook: Social intermediation. Thus, option A is correct.
A microloan is a small loan given to people who are too poor to get regular bank loans, particularly in developing countries. A group meeting is an occasion when a small number of people meet together to discuss something or to do something jointly. In the case of microfinance, group meetings are held with people from low-income families who come together to borrow money from the microlender. They support each other in the loan repayment process, monitor each other's businesses, and give advice to each other. The group members have a shared responsibility for ensuring that all members repay their loans.
Social intermediation is a method of connecting people who have the ability to lend money (the haves) with people who need money (the have-nots) through groups. This is accomplished by microfinance institutions (MFIs) like Bandhan Bank. When group members are unable to repay their loans, social intermediation becomes critical, as the group members will support each other in repaying the loan and avoiding a default. Group members monitor each other's businesses, provide advice, and share knowledge, which helps to reduce risk and make the lending business more stable.
Therefore, the approach in the Microfinance Handbook referred to in the article is social intermediation (option A).
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QUESTION 17 From the following questionnaire identify the Type. Wording problem(s), re-write the correct version of Question and Options There is a good market for the Electronic Devices. You have bought one, haven't you? a. Yes b. No
Question 17 is an example of an open-ended question. In the given questionnaire, there are some wording problems that make it ambiguous. A re-write of the correct version of Question and Options can be as follows: There is a good market for the Electronic Devices. Have you bought an electronic device? a. Yes b. No
An open-ended question is a question that does not have a fixed answer, but instead requires a more elaborate explanation or opinion. It allows the respondent to answer in a manner that is not limited by options or categories.The original question (There is a good market for the Electronic Devices. You have bought one, haven't you?) has a leading statement that assumes that the respondent has already bought an electronic device. It is important to avoid this kind of wording as it can bias the answer of the respondent.
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Given the evidence on average mutual fund performance and the
size of average fund fees charged, it is clear that the mutual fund
industry is destroying value and should be closed. Discuss
The mutual fund industry is being accused of destroying value and should be closed based on the evidence on average mutual fund performance and the size of average fund fees charged. It is believed that the industry charges investors more than they deliver and fails to meet its primary objective, which is to deliver higher returns to investors at a lower cost.
The average mutual fund returns have been underwhelming. It has been shown that mutual funds tend to underperform the market indexes against which they are compared. In addition, the average mutual fund has a significant turnover of holdings, which drives up fees and creates additional tax burdens for investors.Average fund fees charged by mutual funds are among the highest in the industry. Expense ratios and other fees charged by mutual funds make them more expensive than other types of investments, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and index funds. The higher costs of mutual funds can erode the returns on investment, leaving investors with less money in their pockets.Mutual funds have also been accused of being opaque in their operations. Many mutual fund managers have been known to engage in practices that are not always in the best interests of their investors. For example, some mutual fund managers have been known to engage in front-running, which is the practice of buying or selling securities for their own accounts before executing trades for their clients. The practice can be profitable for the fund managers but can harm their investors.Given all these factors, some investors believe that the mutual fund industry is not doing a good job of delivering value to its investors and should be closed. They argue that the industry charges investors more than it delivers and fails to meet its primary objective, which is to deliver higher returns to investors at a lower cost.
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Calculate the yield to maturity of a bond with the help of the following given information:
- Market Price = $950
- Life of Bond =6
- Coupon Rate =13%
- Face Value = $1000
The yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond is approximately 5.97%.
ould be:
=YTM = RATE(Total Periods, -Coupon Payment, Market Price, Face Value)
Using the provided values in Excel, we can calculate the YTM:
=YTM = RATE(6, -130, 950, 1000)
The result is approximately 0.0597 or 5.97% (rounded to two decimal places).
Therefore, the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond is approximately 5.97%.
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_____ refers to how much a customer will spend in the future.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) refers to how much a customer will spend in the future.
Customer Lifetime Value refers to the estimated monetary value that a customer is expected to generate for a business over the entire duration of their relationship. It represents the total revenue that a customer is likely to spend on the company's products or services throughout their lifetime as a customer.
CLV takes into account factors such as the customer's purchasing frequency, average transaction value, and the expected duration of the customer relationship. By analyzing these factors, businesses can make strategic decisions regarding customer acquisition, retention, and marketing strategies.
The concept of CLV is important for businesses as it helps them understand the long-term value of acquiring and retaining customers. It enables companies to allocate resources effectively, prioritize customer segments, and tailor their marketing efforts to maximize customer satisfaction and profitability.
Customer Lifetime Value is a crucial metric that allows businesses to assess the potential future spending of customers. By understanding the CLV, companies can make informed decisions and implement strategies to optimize customer relationships and drive long-term growth and profitability.
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23.
In 2021, Mason, Incorporated reported net sales of $275,670, cost of goods sold of $15,640, depreciation expense of $10,210, net accounts receivable of $26,250, returns and allowances of $2,770, and t
Mason's gross sales in 2021 were $275,670 - $15,640 - $10,210 = $249,820.
How can this be explained?The cost of goods sold, depreciation expense, and taxes are all deducted from net sales to arrive at gross sales.
Net accounts receivable and returns and allowances are not deducted from net sales because they are not expenses.
Net sales = $275,670
Cost of goods sold = $15,640
Depreciation expense = $10,210
Gross sales = Net sales - Cost of goods sold - Depreciation expense
= $275,670 - $15,640 - $10,210
= $249,820
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The Complete Question
In 2021, Mason, Incorporated reported net sales of $275,670, cost of goods sold of $15,640, depreciation expense of $10,210, net accounts receivable of $26,250, returns and allowances of $2,770, and taxes of $10,390. What were Mason's gross sales in 2021?
Question 27 4 pts ABC Pipeline Co. has decided to replace its one foot diameter gasoline pipeline between Birmingham and Atlanta with a two foot diameter pipeline. How much will this increase their ca
The capacity of a pipeline is determined by its diameter and other factors such as flow velocity and pressure.
Assuming all other factors remain constant, we can estimate the increase in capacity when ABC Pipeline Co. replaces its one-foot diameter gasoline pipeline with a two-foot diameter pipeline.
The capacity of a pipeline is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe. The cross-sectional area is calculated using the formula A = πr², where A is the area and r is the radius of the pipe.
For the one-foot diameter pipeline, the radius would be 0.5 feet (0.5 = 1/2). Therefore, the cross-sectional area would be π(0.5)² = 0.785 square feet.
For the two-foot diameter pipeline, the radius would be 1 foot. So, the cross-sectional area would be π(1)² = 3.142 square feet.
The increase in capacity can be calculated by taking the ratio of the areas of the two pipelines: (3.142 sq ft)/(0.785 sq ft) = 4.
Therefore, replacing the one-foot diameter pipeline with a two-foot diameter pipeline would increase the capacity of the pipeline by approximately four times.
Note: This calculation assumes that all other factors remain constant and that the flow velocity and pressure can accommodate the larger diameter pipeline.
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Explain seven differences in organizational structure give
advantages and disadvantages as well. (800 words). Please do not
copy and paste from websites due to plagiarism. I need a unique and
quality
Certainly! Here are seven different types of organizational structures, along with their advantages and disadvantages:
Functional Structure:
Advantages: Specialization, clear career paths, efficient resource allocation.
Disadvantages: Lack of cross-functional collaboration, slow decision-making, limited flexibility.
Divisional Structure:
Advantages: Focus on specific products or markets, decentralized decision-making, better customer orientation.
Disadvantages: Duplication of resources, potential for inter-divisional conflicts, less efficiency due to decentralization.
Matrix Structure:
Advantages: Cross-functional collaboration, flexibility, efficient resource utilization.
Disadvantages: Complexity, potential for power struggles, confusion in reporting lines.
Team-based Structure:
Advantages: High employee engagement, collaboration, innovation, flexibility.
Disadvantages: Difficulties in decision-making, potential for conflicts, challenges in managing diverse teams.
Network Structure:
Advantages: Flexibility, access to specialized expertise, cost-effectiveness.
Disadvantages: Dependence on external partners, potential for coordination issues, lack of control over resources.
Virtual Structure:
Advantages: Cost savings, global talent pool, flexibility.
Disadvantages: Communication challenges, potential for disengagement, lack of team cohesion.
Flat Structure:
Advantages: Quick decision-making, open communication, empowerment.
Disadvantages: Potential for limited career growth, lack of hierarchy, blurred roles and responsibilities.
These are just brief descriptions of each structure, and there is much more to explore for each one. It's important to note that the suitability of a particular structure depends on various factors, such as the organization's size, industry, culture, and strategic objectives. Organizations often adopt a combination of structures or adapt them to their specific needs.
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1. MOBILE ONE Limited, a telecommunications service provider listed on the Singapore Exchange, has just announced its latest quarterly financial results. Despite the substantial deteriorating net profit after tax figure, the price quoted has remained unchanged at $$3.00. Subsequent to the announcement, the analysts fraternity (i.e. the analyst community) has provided prospective price guidance (i.e. future price guidance) on the said company's stock, with some recommending an 'UNDERPERFORM' (i.e. likely to be underperforming the market performance), some ‘NEURTAL/MARKET PERFORM' (i.e. performance likely to be in line with the market performance), while some have recommended 'OVERPERFORM' (i.e. likely to be performing better than the market). You are the Head of Corporate Treasury of a local (Malaysia) public listed holding company with very substantial cash and cash equivalent surplus to (i.e. more than) the investment needs of the holding company. Your Chairman is interested in utilizing these free cash flows to invest in MOBILE ONE, but he is very perplexed (i.e. confused) over the differing valuations provided by the analysts fraternity. Required: As the Corporate Treasury Head, the Chairman has approached you for some advice on the reasons for the different prospective valuations for MOBILE ONE. Your answer should include an explanation of the various methods used for valuing firms.
As the head of corporate treasury, the Chairman has approached you for some advice on the reasons for the different prospective valuations for MOBILE ONE.
In order to understand the different valuations provided by the analyst fraternity, it is necessary to understand the various methods that are used to value a company.
Methods used to value firms:
1. Relative Valuation - This method involves valuing a company based on how similar firms are being valued in the marketplace. This method is generally based on multiples such as price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio), price-to-sales ratio (P/S ratio), price-to-book ratio (P/B ratio), and enterprise value-to-earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EV/EBITDA).
2. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) - This method involves projecting a company's future cash flows and discounting them back to their present value. This method is considered to be one of the most accurate ways to value a company, but it is also one of the most complex and time-consuming.
3. Asset Valuation - This method involves valuing a company based on the value of its assets. This can be done using the company's balance sheet, which lists its assets and liabilities. The difference between the two is the company's net assets, which can be used to determine its value.
In conclusion, the analysts fraternity may be providing different valuations of MOBILE ONE because they may be using different valuation methods. Depending on the method used, the valuation of the company may be different. Therefore, it is important to understand the different methods used to value a company and the underlying assumptions behind each method.
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Suppose, at the beginning of 2008 there were 200 million people in the labor force and the unemployment rate was 8%. During that year 5 million new people entered the labor force, but only 2 million got a job. During the same period, due to the recession, a total of 1 million people quit looking for a job. Compute the number of unemployed and unemployment rate (round it to 2 decimal points) at the end of 2008?
At the end of 2008, the number of unemployed individuals can be calculated by subtracting the number of people who got a job from the number of new entrants into the labor force and adding the number of people who quit looking for a job.
The unemployment rate can be determined by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by the total labor force and multiplying by 100.
Given that at the beginning of 2008 there were 200 million people in the labor force and the unemployment rate was 8%, we can calculate the number of unemployed individuals as follows:
Number of unemployed = (Labor force x Unemployment rate) / 100 = (200 million x 8%) / 100 = 16 million.
During the year, 5 million new people entered the labor force, but only 2 million got a job. Additionally, 1 million people quit looking for a job. Therefore, at the end of 2008:
Total labor force = Initial labor force + New entrants - Individuals who quit = 200 million + 5 million - 1 million = 204 million.
To calculate the unemployment rate at the end of 2008:
Unemployment rate = (Number of unemployed / Total labor force) x 100 = (16 million / 204 million) x 100 = 7.84% (rounded to 2 decimal points).
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How do I calculate the income from the subsidiary when trial balance shows one amount.
When calculating the income from the subsidiary when trial balance shows one amount, you need to use the information available and follow some steps to get an accurate result.
Step 1: Start by identifying the subsidiary company's income statement and balance sheet. The income statement provides information about the company's revenue and expenses, while the balance sheet b information about its assets, liabilities, and equity.Step 2: Next, adjust the subsidiary company's financial statements to conform to the parent company's accounting policies. If the parent company uses a different accounting method than the subsidiary company, it may be necessary to make some adjustments to the subsidiary company's financial statements.Step 3: Eliminate the subsidiary's intercompany transactions. These are transactions between the parent company and the subsidiary company that are reflected in the subsidiary company's financial statements. By eliminating these transactions, you can get a more accurate picture of the subsidiary company's financial performance.Step 4: Use the adjusted financial statements to calculate the subsidiary's net income. This is the amount of money the subsidiary earned after subtracting its expenses from its revenue. The net income is typically found on the income statement.Step 5: Calculate the percentage of ownership that the parent company has in the subsidiary company. This will be used to determine how much of the subsidiary's net income is attributable to the parent company.Step 6: Use the percentage of ownership to calculate the parent company's share of the subsidiary's net income. This will give you an idea of how much money the parent company can expect to receive from the subsidiary company.
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On January 1, 2021, Twister Enterprises, a manufacturer of a variety of transportable spin rides, issues $510,000 of 7% bonds, due in 10 years, with interest payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31 each year. 3. If the market interest rate is 6%, the bonds will issue at $547,938. Record the bond issue on January 1, 2021, and the first two semiannual interest payments on June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2021.
The premium is amortized over the bond's life, so $1,124 (one-half of $2,248) is deducted from the premium account.
On January 1, 2021, Twister Enterprises issued $510,000 of 7% bonds, which will mature in 10 years. Interest will be paid semiannually on June 30th and December 31st of each year.
If the market interest rate is 6%, the bonds will issue at $547,938. The following is the journal entry for the bond issue, as well as the first two semiannual interest payments on June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The premium is $37,938, which is the difference between the selling price of the bond and the face value of the bond. The premium account is credited by this amount, and the remaining amount ($510,000) is debited to cash. At the end of the bond's life, the premium will be amortized over the life of the bond, resulting in a lower interest expense.
January 1, 2021:
Cash.................................... $547,938
Premium on Bonds Payable...................... $37,938
Bonds Payable................................ $510,000
June 30, 2021:
Interest Expense................................ $17,847
Premium on Bonds Payable...................... $1,124
Cash........................................ $18,971
December 31, 2021:
Interest Expense................................ $17,847
Premium on Bonds Payable...................... $1,124
Cash........................................ $18,971
The interest expense of $17,847 for the first semiannual period is calculated as follows: $547,938 * 6/12 = $16,437, and $37,938 * 6% = $1,410. The premium is amortized over the bond's life, so $1,124 (one-half of $2,248) is deducted from the premium account.
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Question 1 A debit always have an unfavorable effect on an account. (A) True (B) False Question 2 Total amounts of Debit and Credit in a compound entry will sometimes be unequal. (A) True False Question 3 The General Journal is a chronological record of all transaction. (A) True B) False Question 4 (1 Point Which of the following errors will not affect the equality of the debit and credit columns of the trial balance? A A debit entry was recorded in a wrong debit account. (B) The debit balance of a transaction has a different balance with its related credit. The account balance was carried to the wrong column of the trial balance. DA debit was entered in an account as a credit. Question 5 1 Point Which of the following statements is true? (A) Transposition errors always result to trial balance with unequal debit and credit totals. (B) Miscalculation of interest which was debited and credited for equal amounts will result to an unbalanced trial balance. Total omission of a journal entry will still make the trial balance equal. D) In the accounting cycle, posting may precede journalizing. Question 6 (1 Point) account, while accrued revenue is classified as account. Accrued expense is classified as (A) an expense; an asset B) an expense; a revenue C) a liability; a revenue (D) a liability; an asset Question 7 1 Point What type of adjusting entry is required for this item: Unpaid interest from notes issued? (A) Accrued expense (B) Accrued revenue (c) Prepaid expense (D) Unearned revenue
False. A debit can have favorable or unfavorable effects depending on the type of account. For example, a debit to an asset account is favorable as it increases the balance, whereas a debit to a liability account is unfavorable as it increases the amount owed.
True. Compound entries are journal entries that involve more than two accounts, and their debit and credit amounts may not be equal.True. Explanation: The general journal is a chronological record of all transactions, showing the accounts affected and the amount of each debit and credit.: A debit entry was recorded in the wrong debit account. Explanation: If a debit entry is recorded in the wrong debit account, both the debit and credit columns of the trial balance will still be equal, so it will not affect the trial balance equality.
Total omission of a journal entry will still make the trial balance equal. Explanation: Total omission of a journal entry means that no transaction is recorded, so the trial balance will still be equal as there are no balances to add up. Accrued expense is classified as a liability; an expense. Explanation: Accrued expense is an expense that has been incurred but not yet paid or recorded, so it is classified as a liability. Accrued revenue, on the other hand, is revenue that has been earned but not yet received or recorded.
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How would you handle an upset customer? Some of you may have already had experience in this area. Please outline the steps you would take to resolve the customer’s problem in a way that makes them want to continue working with your workplace.
As a customer service representative, handling an upset customer is a critical part of your job. Resolving customer complaints is one of the most challenging tasks to accomplish. However, it’s essential to know how to handle a difficult customer professionally, so they continue to patronize your workplace.
Below are the steps you should take to resolve the customer’s problem: Step 1: Listen attentively. When a customer calls, give them your full attention. Let them tell you their concerns without interrupting them. Step 2: Empathize with the customer. It’s essential to understand the customer’s issue to help them. Put yourself in their shoes, listen to their problem, and imagine how they are feeling. Step 3: Apologize for the situation. Regardless of who caused the problem, always apologize for the inconvenience caused to the customer. Step 4: Ask for specific information. To resolve the customer’s problem, ask for specific details such as order number, name, or date of purchase. Step 5: Offer a solution. Provide the customer with a solution to their problem. Always ensure that the solution is beneficial to the customer. Step 6: Follow up with the customer. Ensure that the customer is satisfied with the solution offered. Follow up with them to know if the solution worked. Step 7: Keep your promise. Always keep the promises you made to the customer. It builds trust and confidence in your business.
In conclusion, handling an upset customer can be challenging, but following the steps above will help resolve their problem professionally. When you successfully resolve the customer’s issue, they will continue to do business with your workplace.
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Venus Inc. has decided to acquire a 75-seat regional jet from an airplane manufacturer. The jet has an initial purchase price of $10,000,000. Company management now needs to determine whether it should buy or lease the jet. If Venus purchases the jet, the Federal government has offered a one-time subsidy of $1,000,000 to be applied to the purchase price of the jet. The company would finance the purchase with a $10,000,000 bank loan at an interest rate of 13% and 11 years to maturity. Venus would incur costs associated with maintenance and insurance of $200,000 per year. If Venus acquires the jet by leasing from the airplane manufacturer, it would have to pay lease payments of $2,250,000 per year over 11 years, with the lease payments being payable in advance. Venus would receive the tax shield on the lease payment at the end of the year the lease payment is made. For the duration of the jet's lease, the manufacturer would pay the maintenance and insurance costs. The salvage value of the jet after 11 years is expected to be $800,000. Venus has a corporate tax rate of 37%. The WACC for the airplane purchase is 8%. Assume the CCA rate is 28%. Note: All cash flows should be with the respective sign: outflows with minus, inflows - without a sign, meaning an implied plus sign. a. What is the PV of the lease payments? s Number Round your answer to the nearest dollar b. What is the NPV of the lease option? $ Number Me our Round your answer to the nearest dollar c. What is the PV of after-tax operating costs? s Number Round your answer to the nearest dollar d. What is the present value of the salvage value? $ Number Round your answer to the nearest dollar e. What is the net present value of the net tax shield on CCA? $ Number Round your answer to the nearest dollar f. What is the NPV of the borrow to purchase option? $ Number Round your answer to the nearest dollar
a. The PV of the lease payments is $18,284,045.
b. The NPV of the lease option is -$10,504,796, indicating that leasing the jet is not a good option compared to purchasing it outright.
c. The PV of after-tax operating costs is -$2,199,998.
d. The present value of the salvage value is $354,484.
e. The net present value of the net tax shield on CCA is -$4,498,944, indicating that taking the tax shield on CCA is not a good option.
f. The NPV of the borrow to purchase option can be calculated as follows:
NPV = PV of tax shield on interest expense + PV of tax shield on CCA + PV of salvage value - PV of after-tax operating costs - initial cost
The PV of tax shield on interest expense can be calculated as follows:
PV of tax shield = tax rate * interest expense * ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r)
In this case, the tax rate is 37%, the interest expense is ($10,000,000 * 13%) = $1,300,000, r is 8%, and n is 11 years.
Plugging in these values, we get:
PV of tax shield = 0.37 * $1,300,000 * ((1 - (1 + 0.08)^-11) / 0.08)
= $3,128,802
The PV of tax shield on CCA is already calculated in part e, which is -$5,501,056.
Therefore, the NPV of the borrow to purchase option is:
NPV = $3,128,802 - $5,501,056 + $354,484 - (-$2,199,998) - $10,000,000
= -$13,217,768
The negative NPV indicates that borrowing to purchase the jet is not a good option for Venus Inc.
In summary, based on the analysis of the lease, buy or borrow options, purchasing the jet outright is the best course of action for Venus Inc. The net present value of the lease option and borrowing to purchase option are both negative, indicating a lower return compared to purchasing the jet outright.
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Koala company originally issued 100,000,000 shares of its $10 par value stock for $35 per share in 2017. In July 2021, company reacquired 5,000,000 shares at $15 per share to re-issued. In November, it re-issued these 3,000,000 treasury shares for $39. Instructions: a. Prepare the journal entries to record all above transactions b. Prepare stockholders' equity section of balance sheet at 31st December 2021
The journal entries for Koala Company's stock transactions are as follows:
Issuance of 100,000,000 shares:
Debit Cash for $3,500,000,000Credit Common Stock for $1,000,000,000Credit Additional Paid-in Capital for $2,500,000,000Repurchase of 5,000,000 shares:
Debit Treasury Stock for $75,000,000Credit Cash for $75,000,000Reissuance of 3,000,000 treasury shares:
Debit Cash for $117,000,000Credit Treasury Stock for $45,000,000Credit Additional Paid-in Capital for $72,000,000How to prepare journal entries for Koala Company's stock transactions?Issuance of 100,000,000 shares at $35 per share in 2017:
Cash = 100,000,000 shares * $35 per share
Cash = 3,500,000,000
Common Stock = 100,000,000 shares * $10 par
Common Stock = 1,000,000,000
Additional Paid-in Capital 2,500,000,000
Repurchase of 5,000,000 shares at $15 per share in July 2021:
Treasury Stock 75,000,000
Cash = 5,000,000 shares * $15 per share
Cash = 75,000,000
Reissuance of 3,000,000 treasury shares at $39 per share:
Cash = 3,000,000 shares * $39 per share
Cash= $117,000,000
Treasury Stock $45,000,000
Additional Paid-in Capital $72,000,000.
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Which of the following statements applies to obtaining an undergraduate college degree?
a. it may be the single best investment you will ever make
b. all of the above
c. They are expensive and rarely pay off in increased earnings
d. there is no relationship between personal wealth and earning a college degree
The statement that applies to obtaining an undergraduate college-degree is: "It may be the single best investment you will ever make." Therefore, option a is correct.
Earning an undergraduate college degree is generally considered a valuable investment for several reasons. Firstly, obtaining a college degree can significantly enhance career prospects and increase earning potential. Numerous studies have shown that, on average, individuals with a college degree tend to earn higher salaries compared to those without a degree. This higher earning potential can lead to long-term financial stability and a better quality of life.
Moreover, a college degree often provides individuals with a broader range of knowledge, critical thinking skills, and opportunities for personal and professional growth. It equips them with the necessary skills and expertise to excel in their chosen fields, adapt to changing job market demands, and pursue higher-level positions or further education.
While there are differing opinions on the value and return on investment of a college degree, the statement that earning an undergraduate college degree "may be the single best investment you will ever make" holds true for many individuals. It offers the potential for increased earning power, career advancement, and personal development, making it a worthwhile investment for many people pursuing higher education.
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We need to be able to dream up what the world should look like. How should government in the United States best support families?
If you could create 1 or 2 social policies what would those policies be? Please describe and flesh out the policy/policies, how it/they impact families, and how it/they would be paid for/funded. Dream big!
Dreaming big, here are two social policies that could potentially support families in the United States: Universal Childcare Program, Guaranteed Paid Family Leave.
Universal Childcare Program: The policy would establish a comprehensive and high-quality universal childcare program available to all families in the United States. The program would ensure affordable and accessible childcare services for children from infancy to school age, supporting working parents and promoting early childhood development.
This policy would be funded through a combination of federal and state investments, potentially through progressive taxation, reallocating funds from other areas, or implementing a small tax on high-income individuals or corporations.
By providing affordable childcare options, this policy would reduce financial burdens on families, support parental workforce participation, and positively impact children's early education and development.
Guaranteed Paid Family Leave: This policy would guarantee paid family leave for all employees in the United States, allowing individuals to take time off work to care for a newborn, adoptive child, or a family member with a serious health condition.
The policy would provide job-protected leave with partial wage replacement to ensure financial security during the leave period. Funding for the program could come from a social insurance system, where employees and employers contribute to a dedicated fund, similar to existing programs such as Social Security.
This policy would support families by promoting work-life balance, allowing parents to bond with their children, and ensuring individuals can provide care during critical family moments without facing financial hardship.
Both policies aim to alleviate financial stressors and provide support for families in different stages of life. By implementing these policies, the government would play a crucial role in creating a more equitable society, ensuring that all families have access to essential services and opportunities for growth.
It's important to note that the funding mechanisms provided here are just suggestions, and a comprehensive analysis and consultation with experts would be necessary to determine the most viable and sustainable funding sources for these policies.
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Discuss how data analytics is used to make strategic human resources decisions within an organization. How can technology be used to extract this data?
Data analytics is used to make strategic human resources decisions within an organization by providing insights into the available data. Through data analytics, an organization can make informed decisions about their workforce that have a positive impact on the organization's success and growth.
Data analytics is a method of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to draw conclusions. When applied to human resources, data analytics can provide insights into an organization's workforce, which can be used to make strategic decisions about talent management, employee engagement, and organizational development.Using data analytics, HR professionals can extract insights that can inform their decisions, such as how to structure employee benefits packages, how to improve employee retention, and how to recruit top talent.
Data analytics is used to make strategic human resources decisions within an organization by providing insights into the available data. Through data analytics, an organization can make informed decisions about their workforce that have a positive impact on the organization's success and growth. Data analytics is a method of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to draw conclusions. When applied to human resources, data analytics can provide insights into an organization's workforce, which can be used to make strategic decisions about talent management, employee engagement, and organizational development.Using data analytics, HR professionals can extract insights that can inform their decisions, such as how to structure employee benefits packages, how to improve employee retention, and how to recruit top talent. By analyzing data on employee performance, for example, HR professionals can identify areas where employees are struggling and develop training programs to address these issues.Technology can be used to extract data by using data analytics software. There are a variety of tools available that can help HR professionals collect, organize, and analyze data.
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