What is the function of cytokines?

A. Awaken neighboring cells

B. Trigger inflammation

C. Trigger adaptive immunity

D. All of the above

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

D. All of these....

Explanation:

....

Answer 2

Answer:

It's D; all of the above


Related Questions

explain why biodiversity in an ecosystem is important?

Answers

Answer:

It is important because we need many different types of animals. Food chains are made up of many different links, and if there are fewer links, this will lead to animals not being able to feed. Biodiversity boosts the ecosystem and leads to an ecosystem that is self sustaining and able to produce things for people.

Explanation:

Which layers plays the greatest role in the movement of plate tectonics?

A) outer core
B) mantle
C) crust
D) inner core

Answers

B, the mantle because it is highy heterogeneous
It is mantle Bc I’m good at science

Which word describes the slope of the line?
Opositive
O negative
O zero
O undefined

Answers

Explanation:

slope(m)=tana,where a is angle made by particular line in x- increasing sense.for a=90, m becomes infinitely large which can be termed as undefined.

2 ways that the Excretory system regulates balance in the body are:
pls help me with this

Answers

Answer:

Excretory systems regulate the chemical composition of body fluids by removing metabolic wastes and retaining the proper amounts of water, salts, and nutrients. Explanation:

How does an enzyme influence a biological reaction?
It decreases the kinetic energy of reactants, enabling them to undergo chemical change more
easily.
It decreases the activation energy necessary to initiate the chemical change.
It weakens the bonds of reactants, making them easier to break.
It increases the kinetic energy of reactants, thereby increasing their tendency to collide.
It increases the net energy difference between reactants and products.

Answers

Answer: B. It decreases activation energy.

Explanation: A regular reaction has high activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes act as catalysts that decrease activation energy and speed up the reaction.

what type of mutation has the least amount of impact on a protein ?

Answers

Answer: Silent Mutation

Explanation: Silent mutation: Some mutations that change DNA bases do not have any effect on the sequence of amino acids in the protein. These mutations are called silent mutations and they do not affect the structure or function of the protein because there is no effect on the amino acid sequence.

Answer:

Point Mutations

Explanation:

It is the least harmful mutation

If a star is 17 light-years away, how long does the light from the star take to reach Earth?
A
17,000 years

B
1,700 years

C
170 years

D
17 years

Answers

Answer:

17 years

Explanation:

If a star is 17 light-years away, the light from the star will take 17 years to reach the Earth.

Answer:

17

Explanation:

Because I'm right

What effects do you think this change in the speed of the ocean currents cold have on living things in the ocean

Please help

Answers

Answer:

position of moon and sun

Suppose you were standing on a beach in Sarasota, Florida. It is afternoon on a hot, sunny day. You feel a breeze blowing from the Gulf of Mexico (from west to east.) What type of wind are you feeling?

A.
trade winds

B.
sea breeze

C.
land breeze

D.
prevailing wind

Answers

Answer:

sea breeze

Explanation:

during the day land is hotter than water. when hot air rises via convection. cool air rushes in to replace it. the cool breeze you feel is that rush of cold air replacing the rising warm air.

What modification can be made to a bright field microscope to convert it into a dark field microscope

Answers

Answer:

The bright field microscope can be easily converted for use with dark field illumination using special dark field condensers (dry or oil immersion).

Explanation:

In a bright field microscope, the material appears unstained. The light passes directly and the details that are colored in a natural way are appreciated. In dark field microscopy, the contrast is created by a bright specimen on a dark background. Instead of illuminating the sample with a full cone of light (as in brightfield microscopy), a special condenser is intended to produce a disguise of the light rays by sending them laterally on the object in the form of a luminous cone, and this shape also does not penetrate the target directly. This form of illumination allows only oblique rays of light to hit the sample on the microscope stage and the image is formed with the light rays scattered by the sample and captured by the objective.

How many males are shown in this pedigree?​

Answers

Answer: Your answer is six (6)

Explanation:

15. Describe how the structure of the bird respiratory system provides the energy the
bird needs for flight.

Answers

Answer:

The bird's respiratory system consists of paired lungs, which contain static structures with surfaces for gas exchange, and connected air sacs, which expand and contract causing air to move through the static lungs.

Birds do not have a diaphragm; instead, air is moved in and out of the respiratory system through pressure changes in the air sacs. ... Bird lungs do not expand or contract like the lungs of mammals. In mammalian lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in microscopic sacs in the lungs, called 'alveoli.'

Air sacs are found as tiny sacs off the larger breathing tubes (tracheae) of insects, as extensions of the lungs in birds, and as end organs in the lungs of certain other vertebrates. They serve to increase respiratory efficiency by providing a large surface area for gas exchange.

How do birds respire?

Some birds can sing while they fly! ... When the bird takes a second breath, the air in the lungs is sucked into the cranial air sacs -caudal thoracic, cervical, and clavicular. The cranial air sacs act as a holding chamber which provides a small back flow of air into the lungs during expirations.

Explanation:

Which plant belongs to the cabbage family?​

Answers

Answer:

Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, collards and kale. These cool-weather cole crops are members of the cabbage family

Explanation:

Plants like kale, cauliflower, broccoli and collards belongs to the cabbage family.

What is a family?

The family is ranked above the genus and below the order in taxonomy. More closely connected to one another than they are to other members of the same order are members of the same taxonomic family.

For instance, the Order Carnivora includes foxes, coyotes, lions, cats, otters, and weasels.

Today's taxonomy system divides families into orders. A taxonomic rank employed in the classification of organisms and acknowledged by the nomenclature codes is the order in biological classification.

The medium-sized and commercially significant family of flowering plants known as the mustards, crucifers, or cabbage family is known scientifically as the Brassicaceae or Cruciferae.

The cabbage family includes plants like kale, cauliflower, broccoli, and collards.

Thus, these are some plants of cabbage family.

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If you were a frog what is your 3 stage of life?

Answers

Answer:

a froglet sadly ;-;

Explanation:

➤ Stage 1. Egg –

➤ Stage 2. Tadpole –

➤ Stage 3. Froglet –

➤ Stage 4. Adult Frog there hope this helps

Answer:

1. Egg.

2. Tadpole.

3. Phrog.

Which evolved first,the kangaroo or the hawk?Explain

Answers

Answer:

The hawk has less evolutionary steps so it evolved first

so its the hawk

Trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder in which an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21?
HELP PLEASEEEEE PLEASEEEEEE

Answers

I think it might be the third on I’m not sure completely wait on a second person

Which statement applies to transverse waves?

The waves have a trough.
Particles move great distances.
The waves have alternating compressions and expansions.
The energy is transferred parallel to the direction of the wave motion.

Answers

Answer:

A) The waves have trough

Explanation:

100% sure

The statement 'the waves have a trough' applies to transverse waves.

What are transverse waves?

Transverse waves are a type of wave in which their fluctuations need to be perpendicular to the wave.

Conversely, longitudinal waves are waves in which their oscillations have the same direction of the wave.

A wave can be defined as any type of disturbance capable of carrying energy but that does not involve motion.

In conclusion, the statement 'the waves have a trough' applies to transverse waves.

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The bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus are frequently used in the production of yogurt. These bacteria use lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is not available. What would happen to the bacteria under anaerobic conditions if the lactic acid fermentation pathway were blocked?

A.
The bacteria could no longer regenerate the NAD+ needed for glycolysis, so it would stop producing ATP.
B.
The bacteria could switch to using the Kreb's cycle, so it would continue producing ATP.
C.
The bacteria could no longer make the NADH needed for chemiosmosis, so it would stop producing ATP.
D.
The bacteria could switch to using alcohol fermentation, so it would continue producing ATP.

Answers

Answer:

A. The bacteria could no longer regenerate the NAD+ needed for glycolysis, so it would stop producing ATP.

Explanation:

According to the given information in this question, Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium species that uses the lactic acid fermentation when there is no oxygen in its cell i.e. under anaerobic conditions. This means that it converts glucose to lactic acid during this anaerobic respiration process.

However, if the lactic acid fermentation pathway were blocked under an anaerobic condition, this means that it will be no longer be able to perform respiration and hence stop production of ATP. This is because the bacteria will no longer regenerate the NAD+ (electron acceptor) needed for glycolysis, so it would stop producing ATP. Note that, all living organisms, whether aerobic or anaerobic, undergo GLYCOLYSIS, which is the first stage of cellular respiration.

Answer:

EDMENTUM

Explanation:

Explain how layers that form in ice are similar to tree rings

first answer gets brainliest

Answers

Explanation:

Layers of ice and tree rings are similar in that they can both record or store data from past environmental conditions. ... Just like the tree rings specific sections represent a specific period of time. Air bubbles trapped in ice provides information on past climates.

The layers that form in ice are similar to tree rings in the following ways such as record of time, environmental information, dating method, and preservation of records.

How are the layers in ice similar to tree rings?

Record of time: Both ice layers and tree rings serve as a record of time, with each layer or ring representing a specific period. In the case of ice, layers are formed annually due to seasonal changes in snowfall and temperature, while tree rings are formed yearly as a result of new growth during the growing season.

Environmental information: Both ice layers and tree rings provide valuable information about past environmental conditions. Ice layers can reveal information about temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric composition, while tree rings can indicate temperature, precipitation, and even ecological events such as forest fires or pest outbreaks.

Dating method: Both ice layers and tree rings can be used as dating methods in scientific research. By counting the number of layers or rings, scientists can determine the age of the ice or tree, and by extension, the age of the surrounding environment or historical events.

Preservation of records: Both ice layers and tree rings are preserved over time, allowing scientists to study past climates and environments. In ice, the layers can be preserved in glaciers or ice sheets, while tree rings are preserved in the wood of the tree.

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1. Give 2 similarities between each of the skulls that might lead to the conclusion that these are all related.

2. What is the biggest change in skull anatomy that occurred from the dawn horse to the modern horse

Answers

Complete question:

You will find the image of the skulls in the attached files.

Answer:

1) 2 similarities between each of the skulls might be the presence of the nasal spine, and the interdental space.

2) The size of the skull seems to be the most noticeable change in skull anatomy between the dawn horse and the modern horse.

Explanation:  

Each of the nasal bones in horses ends in a protuberance named "the nasal spine". These spines converge in the distal portion of the bone. These spines and the incisive bone delimitates the space called the naso-incisor notch. In the attached figure you will see the nasal bone in red and the nasal spines. This structure is present in all the skulls in the same position.  The interdental space is the space left between the front teeth and the back teeth. It is useful to recognize a male from a female in modern horses. This space can be found in all the skulls. You will see it in blue in the image.  

The biggest change in skulls between the dawn horse and the modern horse is the size. The skull keeps the original shape or very similar shape but varies in length and height.  

The two (2) similarities between each of the skulls that shows that they are all related include:

They all have a similar ridge that typically protrudes from the top.Each of the skulls have a set of flattened teeth.

What is an evolution?

Evolution can be defined as a process of gradual change in the characteristics and genetic make-up of the species of a living organism over several generations.

In Genetics, a scientific technique which is commonly used to determine evolutionary relationships between organisms is the study of their fossils and biochemical similarity.

The similarities between each of the skulls.

Thus, the similarities between each of the skulls that shows that they are all related include:

They all have a similar ridge that typically protrudes from the top.Each of the skulls have a set of flattened teeth.All the skulls have the same overall shape.

Additionally, the biggest change in skull anatomy with respect to the dawn horse and modern horse is that the modern horse has a larger skull.

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I need help on number 10 and 11

Answers

Number 10 is a
Number 11 is B

the hormone by anterior pitutary​

Answers

Answer:

The anterior pituitary gland produces six major hormones: (1) prolactin (PRL), (2) growth hormone (GH), (3) adrenocorticotropic hormone , (4) luteinizing hormone , follicle-stimulating hormone , and thyroid-stimulating hormone

How do an mri and spinal tap help confirm the diagnosis of ms

Answers

An MRI can scan and detect scars used by MS that shows up as white patches, usually called lesions. A spinal tap You can remove and test the fluid in the spine through spinal taps to test for MS.

What does DNA replication mean and why is it important?

Answers

Explanation:

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

how do the water molecules behave differently in each situation. for science

Answers

The behaviour of molecules in different phases of matter represents a balance between the kinetic energies of the molecules and the attractive forces between them.
All molecules are attracted to each other. At the same time, all molecules are in constant motion, and their kinetic energies increase with the temperature.
At very low temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is low. The molecules cannot move fast enough to get away from the attractions of their neighbours. They are “glued” in place in a crystalline arrangement. The molecules are in the solid state.
At higher temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is higher. The molecules will have enough energy to slide past their neighbours, but not enough energy to escape their attractions. The system is in the liquid state.
At very high temperatures, the kinetic energy of the molecules is so high that the molecules will be able to escape the attractions of their neighbours and move at will within the container. The system is in the gas state

A sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, as shown below.




This process plays a vital role in
A.
reproduction.
B.
growth.
C.
budding.
D.
binary fission.

Answers

Answer:

A) Reproduction

Note:

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HELP PLEASE ASAP
Ionic compounds are compounds that___?a) consist of only metallic element. B) have atoms that transfer electrons. C) exists as individual ions. D) all of the about

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I don't wanna write a full explanation sorry.

In economics, a trade off is best decribed as
A.the study of people producing and exchanging ideas
B.exchanging goods for services
C.giving up some of one thing to have more of some other thing

Answers

Answer:

oi

Explanation:

ok

Answer:

C

Explanation:

.

All of the following are elements except

a.

water

b.

oxygen

c.

nitrogen

d.

hydrogen

Answers

Answer:

a. water

Explanation:

hello! all of the following are elements except a. water, because an element is a substance consisting of only one type of atom. water consists of two types of atoms: hydrogen and oxygen.

All of the following are elements except water which is a compound.

What is an element?

An element is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.

Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all in  solid state at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.

The number of protons which are present  in the nucleus are  the defining property of an element and are  related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.Different elements combine to form  substances which are called as compounds.

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Uneven land surfaces created by limestone mining can cause transportation problems in the location. Which of these is the best plan to solve this problem? water the mining area regularly O reduce the use of heavy machinery in the mining area O choose other uninhabited locations for limestone mining O make reclamation mandatory after limestone has been removed​

Answers

The best way to solve the problem would be to make land reclamation mandatory after limestone has been removed. The 4th option is the correct one.

What is land reclamation?

It refers to the process of returning lands on which mining has been done to a beneficial status.

In order words, it refers to minimizing the impact of mining on land surfaces such that they remain useful even after mining has been carried out on them.

By doing so, transportation on such lands will not be problematic after a period of limestone mining.

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