Paleontology is the science of the form of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossils.
____
Bacteria are ubiquitous one-celled organisms, spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped and appearing singly or in chains, comprising the Schizmycota, a phylum of the kingdom Monera (in some classification systems the plant class Schizmycetes), various species of which are involved in fermentation, putrefaction, infectious diseases, or nitrogen fixation.
Bacteria play major role in decomposition, agriculture and industries.They are a part of human life.There are both beneficial and harmful effects of bacteria.In decomposition:
They decompose dead plant and animal wastes, such as fallen leaves, and animal biological wastes.
Production of organic manure:
Manure is created by decomposing animal wastes such as dung and plant wastes.
Treatment of sewage:
Anaerobic decomposition by bacteria is used to convert wastes in sewage water to energy and purify the water.
Production of biogas:
It contributes to biogas plants by converting manure and household wastes to methane, which can then be utilized as fuel.
Nitrogen fixing through biological means
Rhizobium aids in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Nitrococcus aid in nitrogen conversion from one form to another.
Importance in medicine, industry, and biotechnology
Microbes are a source of antibiotics and vaccines in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment and prevention of infectious illnesses.
Dairy:
Curd and other milk products are mass-produced in factories using Lactobacillus curdling of milk.
Antibiotics:
Antibiotics are microorganism-produced chemicals that kill or inhibit other bacteria and are used to treat infectious illness. Molds like Penicillium and bacteria like Streptomyces and Bacillus create antibiotics in nature.
Vaccines
Vaccines are microorganism-derived compounds used to immunize against illness. Vaccines are often derived from the microorganisms that cause infectious illness. To immunize against diphtheria, a toxoid form of the diphtheria toxin is employed, and portions of Bordetella pertussis cells are utilized to vaccinate against pertussis (whooping cough). Smallpox, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccinations have almost eliminated these illnesses in places of the world where they have been used.
Biotechnology
Microbiology contributes significantly to biotechnology, a branch of science that applies microbial genetics to biological processes in order to produce valuable molecules. Microorganisms are critical components of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering. Microbial cells, microbial DNA, and microbial enzymes are important technological tools.
Many biological products and biological processes have genetic information that may be introduced into microorganisms to genetically engineer them to produce a chemical or perform an activity. The genes can come from any biological source, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. This allows for the microbial production of meals, fuels, enzymes, hormones, diagnostic agents, medications, antibiotics, vaccines, antibodies, natural pesticides and fertilizers, and a variety of other chemicals helpful in our civilization and society. Furthermore, the microbial genes that encode for these chemicals, the most of which are unknown, represent a wealth of knowledge for use in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, food science, and biotechnology.
Harmful effects:
Causes diseases to plants and animals. Many human diseases are caused by bacterias.Spoilage of food.Bacteria have numerous ecological and biological importance.
Answer:
Some of the halophilic archaea carry some processes which are economically very important such as biodegradation, bioremediation and environmental processes.
the two type of importance of bacteria
Bacteria are economically very important to people as they are employed in variety of reasons. For example, bacteria are used in the making delicacies like cheese, fudge, vinegar and yogurt. These are just a few things, that use bacteria.
have a great day and mark me brain listSome common, underlying predisposition, probably at least partly genetically based, leads to _______ in men and to somatization disorder in women.
Some common, underlying predisposition, probably at least partly genetically based, leads to anxiety disorders in men and to somatization disorder in women.
What is anxiety and symptoms?Anxiety symptoms can manifest on a physical level, such as a feeling of tightness in the chest and tremors, or on an emotional level, such as the presence of negative thoughts, worry, insecurity or fear, for example, and usually several symptoms appear at the same time.
In this case, women are twice as likely to develop anxiety as men because the cultural issue, of activities that are left to the care of the woman: care for the house, with the children, with the family, regardless of whether she works or not
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Natural selection results in ______. Group of answer choices a decrease in the size of a population. an increase in the size of a population. increased genetic variation. offspring adapted to their current environment
Answer:
increase in genetic variation
histones are _____ that are usually associated with _____.
Histones are basic proteins that are usually associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
What are Histones?Histones can be defined as the basic proteins that are combined together with deoxyribonucleic acid to form the structure called Chromosome.
The main function of the histones is to provide structural support to the chromosome.
Therefore, Histones are basic proteins that are usually associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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Corn is a monocot. According to the table above, does a corn seed have one or two seed leaves?
Answer:
One
Explanation:
Corn are monocotyledon plant...They have only one shoot when they germinate.
why do we not see other components of cell? are they absent?
Answer:
They are microscopic (small) and they are protected by the outer wall/membrane
Explanation:
How many times does the Krebs Cycle turn for one molecule of glucose?
Two turns of Kreb's cycle are needed for one molecule of glucose.
The Kreb's CycleThe cycle represents part of the process of breaking down glucose to extract the locked energy in the form of ATP.
Each glucose molecule to be broken down first undergo glycolysis at the end of which 2 pyruvate molecules are produced.
Each turn of the Kreb's cycle requires a molecule of pyruvate. Thus, the two pyruvates molecules generated from single glucose will require 2 turns of Kreb's cycle.
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Black eyes are dominant to orange eyes, and green skin is dominant to white skin. A male MendAlien with black eyes and green skin, has a parent with orange eyes and white skin. A female MendAlien with orange eyes and white skin. If these male and female MendAliens were to mate, the predicted phenotypic ratio of their offspring would be _____.
The phenotypic ratio of their offspring would be 1/4 each for black eyes/green skin, black eyes/white skin, orange eyes/green skin, and orange eyes/white skin respectively.
Dihybrid crossingThe male would be heterozygous since he has a parent that is homzygous recessive.
Assuming that eye color is A/a and skin color is B/b.
The genotype of the male would be: AaBb
The genotype of the female would be: aabb
AaBb x aabb
Progeny
A_B_ = Black eyes, green skin = 1/4
aaB_ = orange eyes, green skin = 1/4
A_abb = black eyes, white skin = 1/4
aabb = 1orange eyes, white skin = /4
See the attached image for the Punnet's square analysis.
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Certain athletic training routines involve repeated bursts of high intensity activity followed by a brief recovery period. This is accompanied by a burning sensation in the working muscles and a drop of pH in the muscle tissue. What metabolic events best explain this situation
The metabolic event that best explains the situation whereby there is a burning sensation in the working muscles is lactic acid fermentation.
What is lactic acid fermentation?Lactic acid fermentation is the process whereby sugar is converted to lactic acid in the presence of certain enzyme.
According to this question, certain athletic training routines is usually accompanied by a burning sensation in the working muscles and a drop of pH in the muscle tissue.
This is caused by the low supply of oxygen to the muscle cells, hence, they switch to anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation) that causes the synthesis and buildup of lactic acid in the muscle.
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m
When people share a common resource
without agreement or regulation of its
use,
A. it is likely to become overused
B. it will last forever
C. it will never be overused
D. the possibilities are unknown
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during.
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during cardiogenic shock.
What is cardiogenic shock?Cardiogenic shock is a type of shock that occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood that would be enough for the whole body.
The clinical manifestations of cardiogenic shock include:
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilationPulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs while impaired ventilation which is unregulated intake and removal of oxygen and carbondioxide respectively from the body.
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Savannah wraps some gifts and then brings them to the post office where they are delivered to people in different parts of the country. Which organelle is Savannah most like?
Answer: The Golgi body
Explanation: it is most known to label and send packages
What direction
does foul weather normally come from
Answer:
west
Explanation:
Match the structure of proteins.
I
Primary structure
A
Twisted polypeptide chain
II
Secondary structure B
Folded polypeptide chain
III
Tertiary structure C
Linear polypeptide chain
I - C, II - A, and III – B
I - B, II - C, and III - A
I - A, II - C, and III - B
I - C, II - B, and III - A
The matching of the structure of proteins is as follows:
Primary structure: Linear polypeptide chain.Secondary structure: Twisted polypeptide chain.Tertiary structure: Folded polypeptide chain.Thus, the correct option is A.
What are Proteins?Proteins may be defined as intrinsically appearing, a remarkably complicated substance that consists of amino acid residues united by peptide bonds.
The primary structure of the protein is so simple and it looks like a linear chain of the polypeptide. The secondary structure of proteins consists of alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet that involves the twisted form of polypeptide chains.
The tertiary structure of the protein is more complicated as compared to secondary and primary. This structure emerges due to the constant folding of polypeptide chains.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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The properties of water are an essential part of what makes water unique. What effect does the properties of water have on Earth’s surface and its systems?
The effect the properties of water have on Earth’s surface and its systems include:
WeatheringErosionWhat is Erosion?This is the process in which earthen materials are worn away and transferred from one part to another.
The absorption and retention properties of water also ensure that weathering takes place.
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Answer:
The effect the properties of water have on Earth’s surface and its systems include:
Weathering and Erosion
Specialised Plant cells are used to absorb water from the soil.
Explain how the structure of these specialised cells are adapted for its function.
(I need this to be slightly unprofessional,so please do not copy off a website,I also need this quick)
Answer:
The Roots have what are known as Root Hair Cells on their surface, these Root Hair Cells increase the Surface Area of the Root allowing a more efficient absorption of Water and Mineral Ions. Found within the cells is a large Vacuole. the role of any Vacuole is to hold the nutrients (mainly salts and sugars) needed for the cell to carry out its multiple functions. So, with this Vacuole being large, it allows more of these nutrients to be held for the Root.
All of these are steps in the lytic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage. Which happens second?
The second steps in the lytic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage is the entry.
What are the steps in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?The lytic cycle has several phases: Absorption is the phase in which the recognition and attachment of the virus to the cell occurs. Viruses are very specific to their host cells. The host is endowed with chemicals capable of allowing the virus to detect it and attach itself to the membrane.
So, the 4 stages of the lytic cycle is attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, and release.
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Match each step of the scientific method with its description.
construct a hypothesis
communicate the results
test the hypothesis
make observations
analyze the results and
make a conclusion
ask questions
Bread, when kept in the open for a
long time, shows the presence of mold.
arrowRight
What causes mold growth on bread?
arrowRight
Changes in temperature may affect
the growth of mold on bread.
arrowRight
Keep the bread in different locations,
changing the temperature at each location.
arrowRight
Increased temperature leads to the
growth of mold.
arrowRight
Make a presentation of the data, and
explain it to the class.
arrowRight
1- C ( this is an assumption; a hypothesis is always based on an assumption.
2- F ( this states to share the results with other classmates).
3- D (this is a description of an experiment you could conduct; you test a hypothesis (usually) by conducting an experiment.
4- A (this is something you could observe during the experiment, therefore it is an observation).
5- E (this sentence is a conclusion).
6- B (This is an actual question)
What is the hypothesis?The hypothesis of most interest to the researcher is the alternative hypothesis.
For example: When we are talking about statistics, the alternative hypothesis is the one that proposes a new model or a new theory, in contrast to an old one, as in the case of the null hypothesis. Oftentimes alternative hypothesis has to be constant with the original research hypothesis in that it stems from previous research and investigation. In simple terms, the alternative hypothesis is in opposition or contrary to the null hypothesis.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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Explain the propagation of electrical impulses along a neuron including the role of myelin
Nerve impulses are signals that are transmitted along nerve fibers of the body.
Nerve impulses are electrical impulses. They are generated in response to stimuli.
These electrical impulses create:
action potentials as waves of depolarization that moves along the axons.The axons contain voltage-gated ion channels that are either opened or closed by depolarization (which is the opening of ion channels leading to changes in membrane potential)
Depolarization further causes other channels to open and close thus spreading across the entire length of the axon and into another nerve cell (neuron).
Myelin sheaths act as buffers and through salt conduction help increase the speed of electrical impulses through the neurons. Not every nerve cell is insulated with a myelin sheath.
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which of these are a producer? Moth,Mushroom,Fern,Cheetah
Answer:
fern is the producer.
Explanation:
producers are mainly green plants.
The scale below shows the pH levels of various liquids. Which of the following substances is a strong acid?
Answer:
Soda
Explanation:
0 is the most acidic and 14 is the most basic /alkaline
What about Earth allows it to maintain bodies of water?
OA. Weak gravity and high temperatures
OB. Moderate temperatures and strong gravity
C. Strong magnetic fields and lunar tides OD. Comet crashes and mountains
Answer:
Letter C is correct
Explanation:
Earth's moderate temperatures allow water to exist in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Its strong gravity keeps the water from escaping into space. Hence option B is correct.
The other options are not correct. Weak gravity would not be able to hold water on Earth, and high temperatures would cause the water to evaporate.
Strong magnetic fields and lunar tides do play a role in shaping Earth's oceans, but they are not the primary factors that allow Earth to maintain bodies of water.
Here are some other factors that help to maintain bodies of water on Earth:
The Earth's atmosphere, which traps heat and prevents the water from freezing.
The Earth's rotation creates the Coriolis force, which helps to distribute the water evenly around the planet.
The Earth's tilt, which causes the seasons, affects the amount of sunlight that reaches different parts of the planet and affects the temperature of the water.
Therefore, option B) Moderate temperatures and strong gravity are correct.
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What does the light red layer between the white lumen and blue lamina propria consist of?
The light red layer between the white lumen and blue lamina propria consist of epithelium cells.
What is a lamina propria?
A lamina propria is a type of connective tissue that is present and found under the thin layer of tissues covering a mucous membrane.
Characteristics of the lamina propriaIt is a very large layer of connective tissueIt divides the innermost layer from a layer of smooth muscle tissue.it is a light red layer barrier located between the white lumen and blue lamina.It is made up of epithelium cells.It is also found in the respiratory tract, the Gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract.Thus, the light red layer between the white lumen and blue lamina propria consist of epithelium cells.
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What observation led Darwin to believe that the A. Demarlii is
terrestrial?
O They slowly crawl along the ground.
O They are found only in the center of the island.
O They have yellow-orange bellies.
O They weigh between ten and fifteen pounds.
Answer:
Explanation:
hi!
I think it is A
terrestial animals are animals that live on land ...it could be B but terrestrial animals are not only found on islands and A days they crawl in the GROUND
if you ask me I think it is tricky question on its own
hope it helps
Answer:
It is they are only found in the center of the island
Explanation:
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides to form two cells is called:.
The process during which a cell eats itself is referred to as.
Match the items. The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives. a. Host ribosomes cannot translate it. Need to copied to strand to make viral proteins b. Translated directly to make viral proteins c. Integrated viral genome in an animal host d. Enzyme needed to copy RNA to RNA e. Synthesizes complementary ssDNA once inside the cell.
The lettered items are matched with the correct numbered items as follows:
a. -SSRNA: host ribosomes cannot translate it. Thus, it need to be copied to + strand to make viral proteins.
b. +SSRNA: it can be translated directly to make viral proteins.
c. Provirus: the integrated viral genome in an animal host.
d. RNA dependent RNA polymerase: an enzyme needed to copy RNA to RNA.
e. Retrovirus: it synthesizes complementary ssDNA once inside the cell.
What is a genome?A genome can be defined as the complete set of hereditary instructions which is typically found in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) such as:
+SSRNA-SSRNADSRNAIn conclusion, the lettered items should be matched with the correct numbered items as follows:
-SSRNA: the host ribosomes cannot translate it. Thus, it need to be copied to + strand to make viral proteins.+SSRNA: it can be translated directly to make viral proteins. Provirus: the integrated viral genome in an animal host. RNA dependent RNA polymerase: an enzyme needed to copy RNA to RNA. Retrovirus: it synthesizes complementary ssDNA once inside the cell.Read more on genome here: https://brainly.com/question/2193677
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Complete Question:
Match the items. The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives.
a. Host ribosomes cannot translate it. Need to copied to strand to make viral proteins
b. Translated directly to make viral proteins
c. Integrated viral genome in an animal host
d. Enzyme needed to copy RNA to RNA
e. Synthesizes complementary ssDNA once inside the cell.
1. +SSRNA
2. -SSRNA
3. Retrovirus
4. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
5. Provirus
a team of scientists has consistently gotten the same unexpected results from a set of experiments.Which of the following helps the scientist ensure the reliability of the results?
a. publican of the results, including a brief description of the scientific methods
b. discussion of the scientific method with friends and family
c. peer review of the scientific methods and data analysis
d. Removal of any data that are not consistent with the other results
Peer review of the scientific methods and data analysis will ensure reliability of the results.
What is Reliability?This involves a scientist getting the same results under the same type of conditions in this scenario.
Peer review involves the experiment being done by other scientists to ascertain if the data gotten are reproducible which will determine its reliability and accuracy.
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Which animal had to eat the most frequently in order to maintain its energy level
Answer:
A. Rattlesnake
B. Small fish
C. Hummingbird
D. Kangaroo rat
Explanation:
These animals live in a very harsh climatic region so the need fulfill their hunger properly according to the difficulties and problems.
The process by which ____________ become activated when the ____________ within the discs of the cells are altered by light entering the eye is ____________ . The photoreceptor responds to ____________ stimulation by changing its resting membrane potential, resulting in a change in the ____________ it releases.
The process by which photoreceptors become activated when the photopigments within the discs of the cells are altered by light entering the eye is phototransduction.
How to explain the receptor?The photoreceptor responds to light stimulation by changing its resting membrane potential, resulting in a change in the neurotransmitters that it releases.
It should be noted that receptors bind to ligands and causes response in the immune system.
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What is the differences between mitosis and meiosis and explain why there is meiosis 1 and 2 in cell division but this is not happening with mitosis
Answer:
Explanation:
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four cells.
Keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division.
Mitosis Meiosis
cells created: two daughter cells four daughter cells
Ploidy Creates diploid daughter cells Creates haploid daughter cells
Genetics Daughter cells are Daughter cells are . . genetically identical genetically different
Why is there a meiosis II but not mitosis II?
Meiosis II is generally regarded as being very similar to mitosis, except for the presence of two parent cells, instead of only one. In both meiosis I and II, cytokinesis occurs, and there are two daughter cells per parent cell.