The Earth rotates around the Sun once every 365.25 days. The Earth's rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees from its orbit around the Sun. This tilt causes the seasons. The Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical, which means it is not a perfect circle.
At different points in its orbit, the Earth is closer or farther away from the Sun. When the Earth is closest to the Sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere. When the Earth is farthest from the Sun, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere.The tilt of the Earth's axis also affects the amount of sunlight that each hemisphere receives. When one hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it receives more sunlight and experiences warmer temperatures. When the other hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it receives less sunlight and experiences cooler temperatures.At the poles, the Sun is low on the horizon, so the amount of solar radiation received is lower. This results in lower temperatures. At the equator, the Sun is high in the sky, so the amount of solar radiation received is higher. This results in higher temperatures. Therefore, the temperature is highest around the equator and lowest at the poles.
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