Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell, mediated by a bacteriophage through the process of crossing over.
What do you mean by DNA?DNA stands for Deoxyriobo nucleic acid. It is considered the genetic material in most of the organisms living on the earth's surface.
It is the process that involves the horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes. During this process, the DNA of the donor cell integrates into the recipient cell.
Therefore, transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell, mediated by a bacteriophage through the process of crossing over.
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Which type of rock contains minerals arranged in crystals and forms when molten rock cools and turns solid?
A. sedimentary rock
B. metamorphic rock
C. fossilized rock
D. igneous rock
A soil sample is 85 percent sand, 5 percent clay, and 10 percent silt. Use the following soil texture triangle to determine the type of soil present in this sample.
Here’s the answer.
No question!
Answer:
sand soil
Explanation:
has the gratest percentage
Which statement best compares the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis produces glucose during daylight, and cellular respiration breaks down glucose during the day and night.
B.
Photosynthesis produces energy during the night, and cellular respiration uses this energy during the day.
C.
Photosynthesis releases oxygen during the night, and cellular respiration uses oxygen during the day and night.
D.
Photosynthesis releases energy from glucose during daylight, and cellular respiration stores energy as glucose at night.
Answer:
D.
Photosynthesis releases energy from glucose during daylight, and cellular respiration stores energy as glucose at night.
Explanation:
In which direction does moving air appear to turn in the northern hemisphere?
A. Down
B. Up
C. Right
D. Left
Answer:
It goes to the right in the northern hempisphere
100 points!!!!!!!
Read Changes on Earth and Changes in Life. Explain how changes in Earth’s systems affect the growth of life on Earth. Use evidence from the text to support your answer.
Dont anwser if u dont know tysm
Choose one of the technologies for altering the genetic code of organisms to focus
Selective Breeding
Natural Selection
Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy
Assignment: Write a paragraph answering the following questions:
Which technology was chosen?
Explain how this technology alters the genetic code.
Explain the benefits of using this technology.
Explain the possible challenges of using this technology.
Remember to write in 3rd person, complete sentences
Answer:
Explanation:
enetic engineering, the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms. The term genetic engineering is generally used to refer to methods of recombinant DNA technology, which emerged from basic research in microbial genetics. The techniques employed in genetic engineering have led to the production of medically important products, including human insulin, human growth hormone, and hepatitis B vaccine, as well as to the development of genetically modified organisms such as disease-resistant plants.
Historical developments
The term genetic engineering initially referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction. As such, the term embraced both artificial selection and all the interventions of biomedical techniques, among them artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (e.g., “test-tube” babies), cloning, and gene manipulation. In the latter part of the 20th century, however, the term came to refer more specifically to methods of recombinant DNA technology (or gene cloning), in which DNA molecules from two or more sources are combined either within cells or in vitro and are then inserted into host organisms in which they are able to propagate.
The possibility for recombinant DNA technology emerged with the discovery of restriction enzymes in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber. The following year American microbiologist Hamilton O. Smith purified so-called type II restriction enzymes, which were found to be essential to genetic engineering for their ability to cleave a specific site within the DNA (as opposed to type I restriction enzymes, which cleave DNA at random sites). Drawing on Smith’s work, American molecular biologist Daniel Nathans helped advance the technique of DNA recombination in 1970–71 and demonstrated that type II enzymes could be useful in genetic studies. Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer, who were among the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E. coli bacteria, which then reproduced.
Process and techniques
Most recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of foreign genes into the plasmids of common laboratory strains of bacteria. Plasmids are small rings of DNA; they are not part of the bacterium’s chromosome (the main repository of the organism’s genetic information). Nonetheless, they are capable of directing protein synthesis, and, like chromosomal DNA, they are reproduced and passed on to the bacterium’s progeny. Thus, by incorporating foreign DNA (for example, a mammalian gene) into a bacterium, researchers can obtain an almost limitless number of copies of the inserted gene. Furthermore, if the inserted gene is operative (i.e., if it directs protein synthesis), the modified bacterium will produce the protein specified by the foreign DNA.
A subsequent generation of genetic engineering techniques that emerged in the early 21st century centred on gene editing. Gene editing, based on a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9, allows researchers to customize a living organism’s genetic sequence by making very specific changes to its DNA. Gene editing has a wide array of applications, being used for the genetic modification of crop plants and livestock and of laboratory model organisms (e.g., mice).
The correction of genetic errors associated with disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease. When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele; although this may repair the mutation, a new mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele, there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be restored to the undiseased phenotype.
Applications
Genetic engineering has advanced the understanding of many theoretical and practical aspects of gene function and organization. Through recombinant DNA techniques, bacteria have been created that are capable of synthesizing human insulin, human growth hormone, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccine, and other medically useful substances. Plants may be genetically adjusted to enable them to fix nitrogen, and genetic diseases can possibly be corrected by replacing dysfunctional genes with normally functioning genes.
Pernicious anemia is most common in older people. Which choice lists the correct relationships among the factors that cause this disorder?
Pernicious anemia is most common in older people as The reduced secretion of intrinsic factor means that vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, and macrocytes are produced instead of erythrocytes.
What is Pernicious anemia?Pernicious anaemia is the maximum not unusualplace motive of nutrition B12 deficiency. Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune circumstance that influences your belly. An autoimmune circumstance manner your immune device, the body's herbal defence device that protects towards contamination and infection, assaults your body's healthful cells.
As human beings get older, their cappotential to take in nutrition B12 decreases. This is due to the fact ageing adults regularly broaden issues with the acids and belly enzymes had to method the nutrition.
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What does Tay-Sachs disease cause?
A. the inability to breakdown fatty tissues around the brain and effects the brain's abilities
B. the wrong shape of hemoglobin and therefore less oxygen in the body
C. a thick layer of mucus in the respiratory tract and struggle to digest food
D. a decreased mental ability and uncontrollable movements
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
It's caused by the absence of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances. These fatty substances, called gangliosides, build up to toxic levels in the brain and spinal cord and affect the function of the nerve cells
What do you call the system that categorizes organisms by using a naming system that includes the genus and species?.
Answer:
binomial system of nomenclature ....
Answer:
Binomial Naming System.
Explanation:
Scientists name animals and plants using the system that describes the genus and species of the organism. so they came up with the name "Binomial Naming System"
The first haploid cell formed during spermatogenesis is the __________.
By planting corn one year and beans the next on a given plot of land, or by planting alfalfa as a cover crop during the off-season, a farmer reduces the need for ___________ because beans and alfalfa fix nitrogen in the soil.
Such a planting pattern will reduce the need for nitrogen-based fertilizers.
Rotational croppingIt is a system of farming in which crops of differing characteristics are planted alternately in two consecutive seasons.
For example, planting corn this season and beans the following season is a kind of crop rotation.
By doing so, the need for nitrogen-based fertilizer is reduced because legume crops are able to fix nitrogen into the soil through the association of their root nodules with ceratin nitrogen-fixing microbes.
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PLEASE HELP!!
Which statement describes how nuclear fusion and nuclear fission differ?
Answer:
The main difference is that fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two smaller nuclei, while fusion reactions involve combining two light nuclei together.
Which physical feature made it difficult for the american colonists settled along the atlantic coast to expand westward?.
The Proclamation Line of 1763 was the physical feature which made it difficult for the american colonists to expand westward.
What is a Colonist?This is referred to an individual which colonizes or settles in a new area at a point in time.
The Proclamation Line of 1763 was a boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide which prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands in the east region.
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What was the name of the ship that the famous scientist charles darwin traveled around the world in from 1831 to 1836?.
Answer:
HMS Beagle
Explanation:
The name of the ship
How does the ozone layer form?
Step 1:
Step 2:
Answer:
In the first step, ultraviolet sunlight breaks apart an oxygen molecule to form two separate oxygen atoms. In the second step, each atom then undergoes a binding collision with another oxygen molecule to form an ozone molecule.
what are the disadvantges of using fossil fuels to generate electricity
can anyone help with this??
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
Dd Dd dd dd
25% + 25%
Volcanoes play an important role in determining climate change. When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of ______________ gas and ash into the atmosphere which can influence climate patterns for years.
Answer: sulfur dioxide
Explanation:
biologically term for: The green, light - tripping pigment in photosynthesis foundin plants leaves
Answer:
chlorophyllMost plants contain a special colored chemical or pigment called chlorophyll that is used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is what absorbs the sun's energy and turns it into chemical energy. Not all the light energy from the sun is absorbed. Sunlight has many different colors in it.
Explanation:
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C12 H12 + 6O2 —» ATP + CO2 + H2O is the formula for cellular respiration is the same as the formula for the process that causes the yeast to release carbon dioxide? Yes or no and why?
In cellular respiration, break down of glucose into carbon dioxide and water takes place. In this process, ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose.
What is the process of cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process of combining oxygen with food molecules and then changing the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and removing carbon dioxide and water as a by-product.
The process of cellular respiration involves:
Glycolysis.Pyruvate transformation.Krebs cycle.Oxidative phosphorylation.The equation of cellular respiration is as follows:
[tex]C_{6} H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2}------- > 6CO_{2}+6H_{2}O+energy[/tex]
Thus, the given formula for cellular respiration is not true.
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PLEASE HELP! WILL GIVE 20 POINTS
individual species with which of the following characteristics would be most likely to survive according to Darwin?
a the smallest number of offspring
b variations best suited to the environment
c characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
d undergone mutations
Answer:
B
Explanation:
If variations are better suited to the enviro, you are more likely to thrive
Variations best suited to the environment, is the characteristic that would be most likely to help a species survive according to Darwin's theory. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is Darwin's theory?According to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, individual species with variations best suited to the environment are most likely to survive and pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring. This is because individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those advantageous traits to their offspring, leading to the evolution of the species over time.
The other options are not necessarily advantageous for survival. For example, having the smallest number of offspring (option A) may not necessarily be an advantage in all situations, and characteristics acquired by use and disuse (option C) are not inherited and therefore cannot be passed on to offspring. Mutations (option D) can be beneficial or harmful, and their survival depends on their effect on the organism's ability to survive and reproduce in their environment.
Therefore, option B, variations best suited to the environment, is the characteristic that would be most likely to help a species survive according to Darwin's theory.
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How has increased energy use associated with scientific advancements affected society? a. it has led to an increase of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. b. it has led to an increase in hazardous wastes from mining operations. c. it has led to global climate changes. d. all of the above please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
All of the above. That is option D.
What are the effects of increased energy use?Due to urbanisation and increase in production size, there has been increase in the use of fuel energy for scientific advancement which has led to the following effects on the society:
it has led to an increase of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. it has led to an increase in hazardous wastes from mining operations. andit has led to global climate changes.Learn more about air pollution here:
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What is the dependent and independent variable in the temeperature and transpiration rate investigation
Answer:
Independent variable - time. Dependent variable - the distance moved by the bubble along the capillary tube. Control variables - temperature, air flow or draughts, adequate supply of water.
Why is the sustainability of water for the future generations to come so important
Answer:
The sustainability of water for future generations is important because water is the source of life, the substance that enables all living things to survive and develop. Water is at the core of sustainable development and is critical for socio-economic development, healthy ecosystems, and for human survival itself. It is vital for reducing the global burden of disease and improving the health, welfare, and productivity of populations. Therefore, water must be sustained for future generations in order to protect and preserve the environment and to move towards a sustainable development model.
Explanation:
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Golden rice is a transgenic plant.
Which choice best describes how rice was modified to create golden rice?
A. Rice was bred to select for individuals with increased vitamin A production.
B.Genes from daffodils were added to rice that code for increased vitamin A production.
C.Genes from rice plants that coded for increased vitamin A production were inserted into other rice plants.
D. The rice genome was modified to activate a gene for vitamin A production.
The choice that best describes how rice was modified to create golden rice is genes from daffodils were added to rice that code for increased vitamin A production.
What is a transgenic organism?A transgenic organism is an organism whose genome has been changed by the addition of a gene from another species.
Transgenic organism is formed as a result of the process of genetic recombination to produce organisms with better traits.
Therefore, the choice that best describes how rice was modified to create golden rice is genes from daffodils were added to rice that code for increased vitamin A production.
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The graphs show two types of
growth patterns. Which of the
growth curves best explains the sea
otter population growth?
Answer:
Where are the graphs?
Explanation:
The question is directing you to look at two graphs and compare them. Without the graphs this question cannot be answered.
what would happen cattails went extinct
Answer:
the cats would be tailess
Explanation:
:(
Answer:
There would be more soil erosion and global warming
Explanation:
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Which of the following scenarios would likely happen if the phytoplankton population was greatly reduced
Answer:
Your answer is B: The population would increase.
Explanation:
Since the increased fish population would cause a decrease in the prawn population.
When building new,
complimentary DNA
strands, what is the
original strand of DNA
used for?
A template for the new strand
Go
B
It is not used for anything
All of the following are parts of the nephron except a.The glomerular capsule. b. The collecting duct. c. The proximal convoluted tubule. d. The distal convoluted tubule.
All of the following are parts of the nephron except the glomerular capsule and is denoted as option A.
What is a Nephron?This is defined as the functional unit of the kidney and comprises of various parts such as the collecting duct etc.
The nephron however doesn't have a glomerular capsule as this is found at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron.
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