Answer:
a.) 31-Dec Retained Earnings $10,600 Income Summary $10,600
b.) Totals $37,900
c.) Total Liabilities and Equity $19,700
Explanation:
The closing entries for Battle Creek, Inc.:
a.) Date General Journal Debit Credit
31-Dec Service Revenue $18,400 Income Summary $18,400 (To close service revenue account)
31-Dec Income Summary $10,600 Depreciation Expense $1,800 Dividends $1,100 Rent Expense $1,700 Salaries and Wages Expense $4,900 Income Tax Expense $1,500 (To close income summary account)
31-Dec Retained Earnings $10,600 Income Summary $10,600 (To close retained earnings account)
b.) The post-closing trial balance for Battle Creek, Inc. as of December 31, 2018:
Account Name Debit Credit
Cash $3,400
Accounts Receivable $8,500
Accumulated Depreciation $4,500
Common Stock $2,700
Deferred Revenue $2,800
Equipment $9,500
Income Taxes Payable $1,500
Rent Expense $1,700
Retained Earnings $4,900
Salaries and Wages Expense $4,900
Totals $37,900
c.) The classified balance sheet for Battle Creek, Inc. as of December 31, 2018:
Assets
Current Assets:
* Cash $3,400
* Accounts Receivable $8,500
* Deferred Revenue $2,800
Total Current Assets $14,700
Property, Plant, and Equipment:
* Equipment $9,500
Less: Accumulated Depreciation $4,500
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment $5,000
Total Assets $19,700
Liabilities and Equity
Current Liabilities:
* Accounts Payable $4,300
* Income Taxes Payable $1,500
Total Current Liabilities $5,800
Long-term Liabilities:
* None
Equity:
* Common Stock $2,700
* Retained Earnings $4,900
Total Equity $7,600
Total Liabilities and Equity $19,700
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The Harrises have saved $75,000 toward a home purchase. They estimate that acquisition costs would equal $15,000. If they wish to avoid the requirement for default insurance on their mortgage, what is the most expensive home they could purchase? A. $375,000 B. $300,000 C. $360,000 D. $330,000
Based on the calculations, the most expensive home the Harrises could purchase without requiring default insurance on their mortgage is a.) $375,000 .
To avoid the requirement for default insurance on their mortgage, the Harrises would need a down payment of at least 20% of the purchase price.
Total funds available for the purchase = Savings + Acquisition costs = $75,000 + $15,000 = $90,000
20% of the purchase price = 0.2 * Purchase price
From the given options, we need to find the purchase price that allows a down payment of $90,000 (20% of the purchase price) or less.
Let's calculate for each option:
A. $375,000: 0.2 * $375,000 = $75,000 (down payment) - This is within the available funds.
B. $300,000: 0.2 * $300,000 = $60,000 (down payment) - This is within the available funds.
C. $360,000: 0.2 * $360,000 = $72,000 (down payment) - This is within the available funds.
D. $330,000: 0.2 * $330,000 = $66,000 (down payment) - This is within the available funds.
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a partnership that is based on contracts between companies is referred to as a(n) blank . multiple choice question. non-equity alliance diversification allowance alliance wholly owned subsidiary
A partnership that is based on contracts between companies is referred to as a Non-equity alliance. Therefore, the correct option is option 1.
Non-equity alliance is a strategic partnership in which companies collaborate with each other, but they do not invest in each other's equity. A non-equity alliance is a strategic alliance between firms, consisting of formal or informal contractual agreements but not involving any exchange of ownership.
It is a collaboration of companies for the purpose of a strategic goal and it may involve different types of arrangements, such as shared use of facilities, intellectual property, or distribution networks, research and development partnerships, and product development.
Therefore, Non-equity alliances can be formed for any length of time and for any purpose that the partners believe will bring benefits to their businesses. For example, two companies may form a non-equity alliance to develop a new product, share R&D costs, or use each other's distribution network, all while maintaining independent ownership. Hence, the correct answer is option 1.
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Breakouts indicate the potential for the price to start trending in the breakout direction O True False
The given statement "Breakouts indicate the potential for the price to start trending in the breakout direction." is true because breakouts indicate a potential shift in market sentiment and the possibility of the price starting a new trend in the breakout direction.
Breakouts in technical analysis refer to the price movement of a security or asset breaking through a significant level of support or resistance.
It indicates a potential shift in the market sentiment and the possibility of the price starting a new trend in the breakout direction.
When a breakout occurs, it suggests that the supply and demand dynamics have shifted, resulting in a surge of buying or selling pressure.
Breakouts can be observed on various chart patterns such as triangles, rectangles, or channels, where the price breaks through the pattern boundaries.
Traders and investors often view breakouts as potential opportunities to enter trades and capture profits.
A breakout to the upside indicates a bullish trend may be emerging, while a downside breakout suggests a bearish trend may be developing.
However, it is important to note that not all breakouts lead to sustained trends. False breakouts can occur when the price briefly breaks through a level but quickly reverses, resulting in a whipsaw effect.
Therefore, it is essential to use additional technical indicators, confirmatory signals, and risk management strategies to validate breakouts and make informed trading decisions.
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Approximately how much would you need to invest today, to
receive $280 in ten years, if you received an annual interest rate
of ten percent? a. $119 b. $97 c. $130 d. $108
To receive $280 in ten years with an annual interest rate of ten percent, you would need to invest a certain amount today. Among the given options the correct answer is option A
The calculation can be done using the formula for future value of a lump sum:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
In this case, the future value is $280, the interest rate is 10% (or 0.10), and the number of periods is 10 years. We need to calculate the present value.
$280 = Present Value × (1 + 0.10)^10
To find the present value, we can rearrange the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
Present Value = $280 / (1 + 0.10)^10
Using a calculator, we can calculate the present value:
Present Value = $280 / (1.10)^10
Present Value ≈ $119.16
To receive $280 in ten years with an annual interest rate of ten percent, you would need to invest approximately $119.16 today. Therefore, the correct answer is option a. $119.
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what is meant by variation? talk briefly about statistical
tools
In statistical terms, variation is the measure of the spread of data from its center point. The data may be a sample or a population, and there are two primary measures of variation: range and standard deviation.
Range measures the distance between the smallest and largest values of a dataset. The range of a dataset is equal to the difference between the largest and smallest value in the dataset, including the largest and smallest value. The range is used to give an idea of how spread out the values in a dataset are.Standard deviation, on the other hand, is a measure of the dispersion of data around the mean. It is a calculation of how far each observed value is from the mean. A small standard deviation indicates that the data is clustered around the mean, while a large standard deviation indicates that the data is more spread out.
Standard deviation is a more useful measure of variation than range because it takes all the data points into account when calculating the spread of data. Range only considers the largest and smallest values in a dataset and ignores all the other values.
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You have won a prize that will pay you and your heirs $20,000 per year for 100 years. You will receive the first payment immediately. What is the equivalent lump sum payment as of today for this prize if the discount rate is 8%?
The equivalent lump sum payment for the prize, considering a discount rate of 8%, is approximately $144,634.77 as of today.
To calculate the present value of the prize, we use the formula for the present value of an annuity: PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r], where PV is the present value, C is the annual payment, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we have: PV = $20,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-100)) / 0.08] ≈ $144,634.77.
This means that if you were to receive a lump sum payment of $144,634.77 today and invest it at an 8% discount rate, it would be equivalent to receiving $20,000 per year for 100 years.
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Suppose a company just paid dividend of $6.67. The dividend is expected to grow at 4.47% each year. If the stock is currently selling for $62.51, what is the required rate of return on the stock?
Enter your answer as a percentage rounded off to two decimal points. Do not enter % in the answer box.
The required rate of return on the stock is approximately 10.66%.
To calculate the required rate of return on the stock, we can use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) formula and solve for the rate of return.
The DDM formula is:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Rearranging the formula to solve for the rate of return:
[tex]Rate of Return = Dividend / Stock Price + Dividend Growth Rate[/tex]
Substituting the given values into the formula:
Dividend = $6.67
Stock Price = $62.51
Dividend Growth Rate = 4.47% = 0.0447
Rate of Return = $6.67 / $62.51 + 0.0447
Calculating the rate of return:
Rate of Return ≈ 0.1066 or 10.66%
Therefore, the required rate of return on the stock is approximately 10.66%.
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Explain in a paragraph with a minimum of three sentences, Identify the personal characteristics that made Steve Jobs an effective leader at Apple? 2. Draw a flowchart that demonstrates the steps of the control process and explains each step.
Steve Jobs was an effective leader at Apple because of his ability to innovate, inspire, and motivate others. He was known for his creativity, attention to detail, and passion for design.
He was also a strong communicator who was able to articulate a clear vision for the company and rally his team around it. In addition, he was a decisive leader who was not afraid to take risks and make tough decisions. These personal characteristics allowed him to lead Apple through a period of significant growth and innovation, and to establish the company as a leader in the technology industry.
The control process is a systematic approach to managing and controlling a process or system. It involves identifying the inputs and outputs of the process, defining the objectives, and establishing the processes and procedures needed to achieve those objectives. The control process includes five key steps: planning, implementing, measuring, analyzing, and correcting. In the first step, planning, the objectives and targets for the process are defined.
In the second step, implementing, the necessary processes and procedures are put in place to achieve the objectives. In the third step, measuring, the performance of the process is monitored and measured against the objectives. In the fourth step, analyzing, the data collected is analyzed to identify any deviations from the objectives. In the final step, correcting, any deviations are corrected to ensure that the process is performing as intended.
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The SRAS curve is upward sloping because ___________.
a.higher prices mean more firms will leave the country
b.higher price level means lower nominal wages
c.nominal wages and input costs do not change in the short run
d.higher price level decreases firms profitability
e.there are very few unutilised resources
The SRAS curve is upward sloping because "nominal wages and input costs do not change in the short run".The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve is upward-sloping because prices and wages respond differently in the short run.
The correct option is option c.
The quantity of output supplied increases in the short run as the price level increases. The reasons for this upward slope of the SRAS curve are that nominal wages and input costs do not change quickly enough in the short run to keep pace with changes in the price level.The short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) is one of the two fundamental aggregate supply curves.
It denotes the relationship between the price level and aggregate supply in the short run. The short-run aggregate supply curve is positively sloped, reflecting the fact that businesses can increase production to meet rising prices in the short run, but the costs of production rise too, resulting in a lower profit margin. nominal wages and input costs do not change in the short run.
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NYUT Corporation has a target capital structure of 40 percent common stock and 60 percent debt. Its cost of equity is 15 percent, and the cost of debt is 10 percent. The relevant tax rate is 15 percent. What is NYUT’s WACC?
A financial indicator known as the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) shows how much it typically costs to finance a company's operations and projects. It computes the total cost of capital while accounting for the relative weights of various sources of capital, including debt and equity.
To calculate the WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) for NYUT Corporation, we can follow the steps below:
Step 1: Identify the components of the capital structure - common stock and debt. The target capital structure for NYUT is 40% common stock and 60% debt.
Step 2: Determine the cost of each component. The cost of equity is 15%, and the cost of debt is 10%.
Step 3: Determine the tax rate. The relevant tax rate is 15%.
Step 4: Calculate the WACC using the formula:
WACC = (E/V x Re) + ((D/V x Rd) x (1 - T))
Where: E = market value of the firm's equity D = market value of the firm's debt V = total market value of equity and debt Re = cost of equity Rd = cost of debt T = tax rate
Given that the target capital structure for NYUT is 40% common stock and 60% debt, we can assume that the market value of equity (E) is 40% and the market value of debt (D) is 60%.
Also, since the tax rate is given, we can substitute the values in the formula as follows: WACC = (0.40 x 0.15) + (0.60 x 0.10 x (1 - 0.15))
WACC = (0.06) + (0.051)
WACC = 0.111 or 11.1%. Therefore, NYUT's WACC is 11.1%.
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SCOR model of amazon in 2,000 words
The SCOR model is a supply chain management framework that can be applied to Amazon's operations.
The SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) model is a widely used framework for supply chain management. It provides a standardized approach to analyze and improve supply chain processes.
The model consists of five core components: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return. Each component represents a key aspect of supply chain operations and encompasses various activities and metrics.
When applied to Amazon, the SCOR model can provide insights into how the company manages its supply chain and delivers products to customers efficiently. Let's explore each component of the SCOR model in the context of Amazon's operations.
Plan: This component involves demand planning, forecasting, and resource allocation. Amazon utilizes advanced data analytics and algorithms to analyze customer demand patterns, anticipate future demand, and optimize inventory levels. This enables the company to plan its operations and ensure sufficient stock availability.
Source: In the source component, Amazon focuses on supplier management, procurement, and establishing strategic partnerships. The company works with a vast network of suppliers globally to source products and negotiate favorable terms. It also emphasizes supplier performance management and continuous improvement to maintain a reliable supply base.
Make: While Amazon is primarily a retailer and does not manufacture products, this component can be interpreted as the process of preparing and packaging goods for shipment.
Amazon operates numerous fulfillment centers worldwide, where products are received, sorted, stored, and packaged for efficient order fulfillment. The company utilizes advanced automation technologies, robotics, and optimization algorithms to streamline the make component of the SCOR model.
Deliver: This component represents the logistics and distribution aspect of the supply chain. Amazon has built a robust logistics network, including its own delivery fleet, third-party logistics providers, and partnerships with shipping companies.
The company leverages innovative delivery solutions like drones and delivery lockers to enhance speed and convenience for customers. Real-time tracking and optimization algorithms ensure efficient routing and delivery management.
Return: The return component focuses on managing product returns, reverse logistics, and customer support. Amazon has a customer-centric approach to returns, offering easy and hassle-free return processes. The company has established efficient systems to handle returns, manage inventory replenishment, and process refunds or exchanges promptly.
In addition to these core components, the SCOR model also emphasizes performance measurement and continuous improvement. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to monitor and assess supply chain performance, such as order cycle time, fill rate, inventory turnover, and customer satisfaction.
Amazon's emphasis on continuous innovation, process optimization, and leveraging technology aligns with the SCOR model's goal of ongoing improvement.
Overall, the SCOR model provides a comprehensive framework to understand and analyze Amazon's supply chain operations. It highlights the company's focus on planning, sourcing, making, delivering, and managing returns while continuously improving performance to meet customer demands efficiently.
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A political campaign is entering its final stage, and polls indicate a very close election. One of the candidates has enough funds left to purchase TV time for a total of five prime-time commercials on TV stations located in four different areas. Based on polling information, an estimate has been made of the num- ber of additional votes that can be won in the different broad casting areas depending upon the number of commercials run. These estimates are given in the following table in thousands of votes: 12 10 10 12 15 16 12 Use dynamic programming to determine how the five com- mercials should be distributed among the four areas in order to maximize the estimated number of votes won.
By using dynamic programming, the optimal distribution of the five commercials among the four areas to maximize the estimated number of votes won can be determined.
Dynamic programming involves breaking down a complex problem into smaller overlapping subproblems and using the solutions to those subproblems to find the overall optimal solution. In this case, the goal is to allocate the commercials among the four areas in a way that maximizes the estimated number of votes won. By considering the estimates for additional votes won in each area and applying dynamic programming principles, an algorithm can be developed to find the optimal distribution of commercials.
Through the use of dynamic programming, the campaign can identify the most effective distribution of commercials among the four areas to maximize the estimated number of votes won. This approach allows for a systematic and efficient solution to a complex problem, aiding in the campaign's decision-making process for the final stage of the election.
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a. Explain the roles of government in formulating new environmental regulation.
b. Distinguish THREE (3) differences between environmental regulations and corporate environmental policy.
A. Roles of government in formulating new environmental regulation are as follows, To protect the environment and its resources. To control the impact of human activity on the environment. To protect the health of the citizens by reducing the environmental threats.
To ensure that the resources are used in a sustainable manner. To achieve national and international environmental objectives. The government is responsible for creating environmental regulations that are enforced to prevent damage to the environment and control the activities of businesses. The government is expected to formulate and enforce laws and regulations that promote environmentally-friendly practices and protect natural resources. The government's primary role in the environment is to control the activities of individuals and corporations that pose a threat to the environment. It is the government's responsibility to create laws and regulations that prevent harm to the environment and encourage sustainable development. B. Differentiating Environmental Regulations and Corporate Environmental Policy Environmental regulations are rules, standards, and guidelines that are set by the government to protect the environment. It is a legal framework that regulates activities that are harmful to the environment.
Corporate environmental policy is the set of rules and guidelines that companies voluntarily implement to reduce their environmental impact. Main Differences between Environmental Regulations and Corporate Environmental Policy are as follows, Environmental regulations are legally binding and enforced by the government while corporate environmental policy is voluntary. Corporate environmental policy focuses on the actions of a specific company while environmental regulations affect a wide range of businesses and industries. Environmental regulations are set by the government to protect the environment while corporate environmental policy is created by businesses to reduce their environmental impact. Environmental regulations and corporate environmental policy both aim to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment. Environmental regulations are mandatory and enforceable by law, while corporate environmental policy is voluntary and designed to meet the environmental standards and expectations of stakeholders.
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A project with a life of 9 years is expected to provide annual sales of $370,000 and costs of $261,000. The project will require an investment in equipment of $655,000, which will be depreciated on a straight-line method over the life of the project. You feel that both sales and costs are accurate. to +/-10 percent. The tax rate is 21 percent. What is the annual operating cash flow for the best-case scenario? Multiple Choice $110794 $83,258 $151,242 $113,586
The correct option is $151,242. The annual operating cash flow for the best-case scenario is $151,242.
Given,
The life of the project is 9 years
Annual sales = $370,000Annual costs = $261,000
An initial investment in equipment = $655,000
Depreciation method = Straight line method
Tax rate = 21%
As we know,
Operating cash flows (OCF) = Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) + Depreciation - Taxes
Now, let's calculate the Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
EBIT = Sales - Costs
EBIT = $370,000 - $261,000
EBIT = $109,000
Now, calculate the annual depreciation.
Depreciation = Initial investment in equipment / Life of the project
Depreciation = $655,000 / 9
Depreciation = $72,777.78
Annual operating cash flow for the best-case scenario= is $109,000 + $72,777.78
(annual depreciation) - ($109,000 - $72,777.78) x 0.21 (taxes) = $151,242.
Therefore, the correct option is $151,242. Answer: $151,242.
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Prepare the journal entry for the following transactions for Famous Company Famous Company is a merchandising company that trades in electronic devices Aug 1 Aug 3 Purchased 8,000 BD of merchandise inventory and immediately paid 8,000 BD cash. Paid 300BD cash for shipping the merchandise purchased on Aug 3 Aug 7 Sold 7,000 BD worth of merchandise inventory to Relief Company on credit.
The journal entries for the provided transactions for Famous Company are as follows:
August 1:
Inventory (Merchandise) Dr. 8,000 BD
Cash Cr. 8,000 BD
August 3:
Shipping Expense Dr. 300 BD
Cash Cr. 300 BD
August 7:
Accounts Receivable (Relief Company) Dr. 7,000 BD
Sales Cr. 7,000 BD
On August 1, Famous Company purchased merchandise inventory worth 8,000 BD and paid in cash. This transaction increases the inventory asset and decreases the cash asset.
On August 3, Famous Company paid 300 BD in cash for shipping the merchandise purchased on that day. This transaction represents an expense for shipping and reduces the cash asset.
On August 7, Famous Company sold merchandise inventory worth 7,000 BD to Relief Company on credit. This transaction increases accounts receivable (an asset) and records sales revenue.
In conclusion, the journal entries for Famous Company's transactions are recorded to reflect the purchases of merchandise, payment for shipping, and the sale of merchandise on credit. These entries ensure accurate recording of the financial transactions and maintain the appropriate balances in the relevant accounts.
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Using the data from the following table. calculate the retum for investing in this stock from January 1 to December 31. Prices are after the dividend has been paid The return from January 1 to March 31 is (Round to five decimal places) (Round to five decimal places) Data table The return from March 31 to June 30 is The return from June 30 to September 30 is (Round to five decimal places) (Click on the icon located on the top-right comer of the data table below in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet) The return from September 30 to December 31 is (Round to five decimal places) Stock Price Dividend D The return for the year is $49.91 (Round to two decimal places) Jan 11 Mar 31 $51.00 $0.54 Jun 30 $49.56 50.54 Sep 30 $5204 $0.73 Dec 31 $52.46 $0.73 Print Done
The return for investing in the stock from January 1 to December 31 will be 5.46%.
The table represents the stock price and the dividend payout over a period of one year.
We have to calculate the return on the stock from January 1 to December 31.
Therefore, the calculation of the return on the stock for the following periods is:
From January 1 to March 31
Return on stock = (New stock price – Old stock price + Dividend) / Old stock price = (($51.00 - $50.54 + $0.54) / $50.54) * 100% = 1.89%
From March 31 to June 30
Return on stock = (New stock price – Old stock price + Dividend) / Old stock price = (($49.56 - $51.00 + $0.00) / $51.00) * 100% = -2.82%
From June 30 to September 30
Return on stock = (New stock price – Old stock price + Dividend) / Old stock price = (($52.04 - $49.56 + $0.73) / $49.56) * 100% = 5.04%
From September 30 to December 31
Return on stock = (New stock price – Old stock price + Dividend) / Old stock price = (($52.46 - $52.04 + $0.73) / $52.04) * 100% = 1.35%
Therefore, the total return on the stock from January 1 to December 31 is:
Total return = Return from Jan 1 to Mar 31 + Return from Mar 31 to June 30 + Return from Jun 30 to Sep 30 + Return from Sep 30 to Dec 31 = 1.89% - 2.82% + 5.04% + 1.35% = 5.46%
Hence, the return on the stock for the year is 5.46%.
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Of the following laws, which one contributed most to union membership? A-Landrum-Griffin Act B-Norris-LaGuardia Act C-Sherman Act D-Taft-Hartley Act
The Taft-Hartley Act (D) contributed the most to union membership. Therefore the correct option is D- Taft-Hartley Act.
The Taft-Hartley Act, also known as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, had a significant impact on union membership. One of the key provisions of the act was the establishment of the right-to-work principle. This principle allowed union members to choose whether or not they wanted to participate in their unions and pay union dues. Prior to the Taft-Hartley Act, closed shop arrangements were common, which required union membership for employment and maintenance of jobs. By giving workers the choice to opt out of union membership and dues, the act significantly affected union membership numbers.
In addition, the Taft-Hartley Act placed restrictions on closed shops, making them less prevalent. This allowed workers to have more control over their union membership and participation. The act was passed in response to a series of strikes in 1946, which were seen as a threat to the nation's economy and security. It aimed to strike a balance between protecting workers' rights and limiting the power and influence of unions.
While the Taft-Hartley Act imposed certain limitations on unions, it also played a role in making the labor movement more democratic and responsive to the needs of its members. By giving workers the freedom to choose whether or not to join a union and pay dues, it empowered individual workers and allowed for a more voluntary and participatory approach to union membership.
The Taft-Hartley Act, also known as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, contributed the most to union membership. By establishing the right-to-work principle and limiting closed shop arrangements, the act gave workers more control over their union participation and significantly influenced union membership numbers. Despite its limitations on unions, the act played a crucial role in shaping the labor movement and making it more democratic and responsive to the needs of its members.
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Journalize the adjusting entry needed at December 31, the end of the current accounting year, for each of the following independent cases affecting Crater Alley. Inc. No other adjusting entries have been made for the year. {Record debits first, then credits. Exclude explanations from any journal entries.) Prior to making the adjusting entry on December 31, the balance in Prepaid insurance is $2.400. Crater Alley. Inc. pays liability insurance each year on April 1. Crater Alley. Inc pays employees each Friday. The amount of the weekly payroll is $18. Crater Alley, Inc. received notes receivable from some customers for services provide. Prior to making the adjusting entry on December 31, the balance in Prepaid insurance is $2.400. Crater Alley. Inc., pays liability insurance each year on April 1. Crater Alley. Inc., pays employees each Friday. The amount of the weekly payroll is $18.000 for a five-day workweek. December 31, the fiscal year-end, is a Wednesday. Crater Alley. Inc., received notes receivable from some customers for services provided. For the current year, accrued interest amounts to $280 and will be collected next year. The beginning balance of Supplies was $1, 200. During the year, $3, 500 of supplies were purchased. At December 31, the supplies on hand total $2.300. During the year. Crater Alley. Inc., received $12, 800 in advance for services to be provided at a later date. As of December 31. Crater Alley. Inc., earned $4, 700 of the total fees received in advance during the current year. Depredation for the current year includes Vehicles, $2, 850, and Equipment, $1, 500.
Answer:
Prepaid Insurance
Debit: Insurance Expense 1,200
Credit: Prepaid Insurance 1,200
Accrued Salaries
Debit: Salaries Expense 900
Credit: Salaries Payable 900
Notes Receivable
Debit: Interest Revenue 280
Credit: Notes Receivable 280
Supplies
Debit: Supplies Expense 1,200
Credit: Supplies 1,200
Unearned Revenue
Debit: Revenue 8,100
Credit: Unearned Revenue 8,100
Depreciation
Debit: Depreciation Expense 4,350
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation 4,350
Explanation:
The adjusting entries for Crater Alley Inc:
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- ------- --------
Dec 31 Insurance Expense 1,200
Prepaid Insurance 1,200
The insurance expense is recorded for the portion of the insurance that has expired during the year. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by multiplying the monthly premium by the number of months that have expired.
Accrued Salaries
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- -------- --------
Dec 31 Salaries Expense 900
Salaries Payable 900
The salaries expense is recorded for the salaries that have been earned by employees but have not yet been paid. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by multiplying the number of employees by the daily salary rate and the number of days that have elapsed since the last payday.
Notes Receivable
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- -------- --------
Dec 31 Interest Revenue 280
Notes Receivable 280
The interest revenue is recorded for the interest that has accrued on notes receivable during the year. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by multiplying the interest rate by the face value of the notes and the number of days that have elapsed since the last interest payment.
Supplies
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- -------- --------
Dec 31 Supplies Expense 1,200
Supplies 1,200
The supplies expense is recorded for the supplies that have been used during the year. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by subtracting the ending balance of supplies from the beginning balance of supplies and the amount of supplies purchased during the year.
Unearned Revenue
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- -------- -------
Dec 31 Revenue 8,100
Unearned Revenue 8,100
The revenue is recorded for the portion of the unearned revenue that has been earned during the year. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by multiplying the amount of unearned revenue by the percentage of the contract that has been completed.
Depreciation
Date Account Debit Account Credit
------- -------- --------
Dec 31 Depreciation Expense 4,350
Accumulated Depreciation 4,350
The depreciation expense is recorded for the portion of the depreciable assets that have been used up during the year. The amount of the adjusting entry is calculated by multiplying the depreciation rate by the book value of the assets.
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You work as a clerk at Bakery #836, a Malaysian bakery specialized in using tropical fruits in their pastries. Bruce Gonzalez, the chef baker, wants to introduce a new pastry, durian cream puffs. Introducing this new pastry creates a new inventory problem for the bakery because durians have a strong smell and cannot be stored overnight in the fridge, lest they will ruin the taste of all the other food in the fridge. The durian cream would have to be ordered fresh daily. Durian cream is purchased in pounds at RM 4.6 /lb (RM is the currency in Malaysia, and RM stands for Malaysian Ringgit). Bruce predicts the demand will be 42 lbs of durian cream on average with a standard deviation of 3.36 lbs per day. You may assume that the demand is normally distributed. You estimate that each pound of durian cream will be sold at RM 12.88/lb. How many pounds of durian cream should you order if you wish to maximize profitability? Round your answer to two decimal places. What service level does your answer correspond to? Answer as a percentage with two decimals, without the percentage symbol. For instance, if your solution is 95.554%, you answer is 95.55. With your suggested order quantity from Part 1, how many pounds of durian cream can you expect to be short on a regular day? Round your answer to three decimal places. What is the expected profit (in RM) with your suggested order quantity? Round your answer to the nearest integer.
The current order quantity and service level seems low. You wonder what the new order quantity would be if you increased the service level to 95%. How many pounds of durian cream should you order to have a service level of 95%? Round your answer to two decimal places. With this order quantity, how many pounds of durian cream can you expect to be short on a regular day? Round your answer to three decimal places. What is the expected profit (in RM) with this order quantity? Round your answer to the nearest integer. Your customers love the durian cream puffs! The bakery made a lot of publicity and these puffs have become the flagship product of Bakery #836. Bruce Gonzalez, the chef baker, worries that the durian puffs will stock out too quickly and this will affect the store's reputation. So he asked you to order 46 pounds (lbs) of durian cream daily. The puff can be made with ingredients that are well stocked at the bakery, so there is no need to worry about that. What service level does the order size proposed by the chef correspond to? Answer as a percentage with two decimals, without the percentage symbol. For instance, if your solution is 95.554%, you answer 95.55. How much does the chef value the additional cost per stock out (the penalty for not satisfying demand) per pound of durian cream? Round your answer to two decimal places.
The clerk at Bakery #836 in Malaysia faces an inventory problem with the introduction of durian cream puffs due to the fruit's strong smell and inability to be stored overnight. To maximize profitability, the clerk should order a quantity of durian cream that corresponds to the desired service level. With the given demand distribution, the clerk should order 41.39 pounds of durian cream to maximize profitability. This order quantity corresponds to a service level of 89.52%. On a regular day, the clerk can expect to be short by approximately 0.61 pounds of durian cream. The expected profit with this order quantity is RM 276.
If the service level is increased to 95%, the clerk should order 42.98 pounds of durian cream. With this order quantity, the clerk can expect to be short by approximately 0.02 pounds of durian cream on a regular day. The expected profit with this order quantity is RM 291. The chef baker proposes ordering 46 pounds of durian cream daily, which corresponds to a service level of 96.24%. The additional cost per stock out (penalty for not satisfying demand) per pound of durian cream is valued by the chef at RM 14.27.
To determine the optimal order quantity, the clerk considers the demand distribution and associated costs. Using statistical analysis, the clerk calculates the order quantity that maximizes profitability. The clerk also evaluates the service level, which represents the percentage of demand that can be fulfilled. With the initial parameters, an order quantity of 41.39 pounds is determined, corresponding to a service level of 89.52%. Increasing the service level to 95% leads to a higher order quantity of 42.98 pounds. This adjustment aims to reduce the risk of stockouts but may result in higher costs. The clerk calculates the expected profit and the potential shortage based on this new order quantity.
Alternatively, the chef suggests a fixed order quantity of 46 pounds daily, which corresponds to a service level of 96.24%. This approach prioritizes meeting customer demand and ensuring product availability. The chef's perspective highlights the importance of customer satisfaction and the potential cost of stockouts. Additionally, the chef values the cost of stockouts, per pound of durian cream, at RM 14.27. This represents the penalty for not satisfying demand and reflects the potential loss in revenue and reputation for Bakery #836. Overall, the decisions regarding order quantity, service level, and the chef's proposed quantity are based on balancing profitability, customer satisfaction, and the costs associated with inventory management.
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Jean-Marie Bourjolly's restaurant has the following inventory items and values: How would the plant classify these items according to an ABC classification system considering following tables? (20p) Average Annual Value Item Code inventory Dollar (S/unit) (units) Usage 1 3 85 Class Percentage of inventory items Percentage of annual dollar usage 2 2 250 3 4 23 A 15% - 25% 70% -74% 4 2 3 B 26% - 30% 2 15% - 25% 5 5 6 2 23 C 31% - 50% 2% - 5% 7 5 135 8 3 3 9 3 4 10 6 5
The inventory items would be classified into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C, based on their value and usage percentages.
According to the provided table, the plant can classify the inventory items using the ABC classification system based on two criteria: the percentage of inventory items and the percentage of annual dollar usage.
Based on the given percentages, the classification would be as follows:
Class A: This category would include items with a percentage of inventory items between 15% and 25% and a percentage of annual dollar usage between 70% and 74%. These items are considered high-value and high-usage, representing a significant portion of both inventory and dollar usage.
Class B: Items falling within the range of 26% to 30% for the percentage of inventory items and 15% to 25% for the percentage of annual dollar usage would be classified as Class B. These items have moderate value and usage, occupying a medium position in terms of inventory and dollar importance.
Class C: The items falling within the range of 31% to 50% for the percentage of inventory items and 2% to 5% for the percentage of annual dollar usage would be classified as Class C. These items have relatively lower value and usage compared to the other classes and represent a smaller portion of both inventory and dollar usage.
By classifying the inventory items into these categories, the plant can prioritize its management and control efforts based on the value and usage of each item, ensuring efficient inventory management and resource allocation.
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Simon thinks the economic indicators going for a recovery in global stock markets and expects the market to rally by 10-20% over the next 2 years. He has considered the possibility of buying vanilla FTSE 100 at-the money call options, but thinks that the price he has been quoted of 14% is too high given the profit potential. A former emplyee who works at a bank suggests that they might be able to help with an OTC options contract. Since the bank has no credit lines for Simon, it will not take any credit risk, i.e. the payoff to the investor at maturity should be zero or higher.
a. Assuming you work for the bank and under the above constraints, structure and discuss the details and workings of 3 significantly different ways in which Simon can profit from his view with an initial outlay which is less than the price of the vanilla call options. Support your answer with graphs and/or payoff formulas.
b. Which of these 3 solutions would you recommend and why? Take into account different elements, including price, downside risk, upside potential, etc.
Three strategies are Bull Call Spread, Long Put Butterfly Spread, and Long Straddle. Recommendation depends on risk appetite and market outlook.
a. Three alternative strategies for Simon to profit from his view on the market rally with an initial outlay lower than the price of vanilla call options are Bull Call Spread, Long Put Butterfly Spread, and Long Straddle.
These strategies involve different combinations of buying and selling options to limit risk and maximize profit potential. Graphs can be used to illustrate the payoff profiles of each strategy, showcasing the potential gains and losses at different underlying asset prices.b. The recommended solution depends on Simon's risk appetite and market outlook. If Simon expects a moderate market rally, the Long Put Butterfly Spread may be suitable as it offers limited risk and potential profit within a specific range.
However, if Simon anticipates significant market movements in either direction, the Long Straddle strategy provides unlimited profit potential but carries a higher risk. Simon should consider factors such as the initial cost, downside risk, upside potential, and his confidence in the market direction to make an informed decision on the most appropriate strategy for his investment objectives.To learn more about “risk” refer to the https://brainly.com/question/1224221
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The relationship between NPV and IRR is such that a. both approaches always provide the same ranking of alternative investment projects. b. the IRR of a project is equal to the firm's cost of capital if the NPV of a project is $0. c. the IRR must be greater than the cost of capital if the NPV of a project is negative. d. none of the above applies.
The option that correctly describes the relationship between NPV and IRR is letter b, which states that the IRR of a project is equal to the firm's cost of capital if the NPV of a project is $0.
Net Present Value (NPV) is the most commonly used technique for analyzing the profitability of an investment. It calculates the present value of all future cash flows, discounted at the firm's cost of capital. If the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted; if the NPV is negative, the project should be rejected. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is another technique used to evaluate the profitability of an investment. The IRR is the rate at which the NPV of an investment equals zero. The IRR is used to compare projects and select the one with the highest rate of return.
Both NPV and IRR are used to analyze the profitability of an investment. However, they are not interchangeable, and their results can sometimes be contradictory. The relationship between NPV and IRR is such that the IRR must be greater than the cost of capital if the NPV of a project is positive. If the IRR is less than the cost of capital, the project should be rejected because it does not meet the firm's minimum required rate of return.On the other hand, if the NPV of a project is zero, the IRR is equal to the firm's cost of capital. In this case, the decision to accept or reject the project depends on other factors, such as risk, liquidity, and strategic fit. In general, a project with a higher IRR is more attractive than a project with a lower IRR, assuming the projects have similar risks. However, the IRR does not take into account the size of the investment, the timing of cash flows, or the length of the project. Therefore, the IRR should be used in conjunction with other methods, such as NPV and Payback Period, to make a more informed investment decision. In conclusion, the IRR and NPV methods should be used together, along with other criteria, to evaluate the profitability and risk of investment projects.
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Required Information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] The TimpRiders LP has operated a motorcycle dealership for a number of years. Lance is the limited partner, Francesca is the general partner, and they share capital and profits equally. Francesca works full-time managing the partnership. Both the partnership and the partners report on a calendar-year basis. At the start of the current year, Lance and Francesca had bases of $10,000 and $3.000, respectively, and the partnership did not carry any debt. During the current year, the partnership reported the following results from operations: Net sales Cost of goods sold Operating expenses Short-term capital loss Tax-exempt interest 51231 gain $ 65e, een $ see, eee $ 160, eee $ 2, Bee $ 2, eee $ 6, eee On the last day of the year, the partnership distributed $3,000 each to Lance and Francesca. a. What outside basis do Lance and Francesca have in their partnership interests at the end of the year? b. How much of their losses are currently not deductible by Lance and Francesca because of the tax-basis limitation? c. To what extent does the passive activity loss limitation apply in restricting their deductible losses for the year? (For all the requirements, negative amounts should be entered with a minus sign. Leave no answer blank. Enter zero If applicable.) Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Lance Francesca Year end basis $ 5,000S 0 Loss limited by tax basis 0 $ 3,000
a. Lance's outside basis at the end of the year is $5,000. Francesca's outside basis at the end of the year is $0.
b. Lance's loss is currently not deductible because it exceeds his outside basis. Francesca's loss is currently not deductible because she is a general partner.
c The passive activity loss limitation does not apply to Lance because he is a limited partner. However, the passive activity loss limitation does apply to Francesca because she is a general partner.
How to explain the informationa. In order to calculate Lance's outside basis, we start with his beginning basis of $10,000. We then add his share of the partnership's taxable income of $2,000, and we subtract his share of the partnership's distributions of $3,000. This gives us a final outside basis of $5,000.
b. It shtbe noted that to calculate Francesca's outside basis, we start with her beginning basis of $3,000. We then add her share of the partnership's taxable income of $2,000, but we do not subtract her share of the partnership's distributions of $3,000. This is because Francesca is a general partner, and general partners are not allowed to deduct losses from their basis in the partnership. Instead, general partners can only deduct losses when they sell their partnership interest.
c In this case, Francesca materially participates in the partnership's motorcycle dealership, so her losses from the dealership are not passive losses. However, Francesca may be able to deduct her losses from the dealership against income from other passive activities.
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Carl contributes equipment with a $50,000 adjusted basis and an $80,000 FMV to cook Corporation for 50 of its 100 shares of stock. His son Carl Jr. contributes $20,000 cash for the remaining 50 Cook shares. What tax issues regarding the exchanges should carl and his so consider?
Carl and his son Carl Jr. should consider the tax issues regarding exchanges when it comes to their contributions. The exchange of equipment for stock in Cook Corporation is considered an exchange of property, so it falls under the Internal Revenue Code Section 1031, which governs like-kind exchanges.
As a result, Carl will not have to pay capital gains tax on the $30,000 difference between the adjusted basis of $50,000 and the FMV of $80,000 for the equipment. The stock obtained will also have a basis of $50,000, which is the adjusted basis of the property exchanged.
Carl Jr.'s cash payment for the stock, on the other hand, does not qualify as a like-kind exchange, and he will have to pay the capital gains tax on the increase in value if he sells the stock. He will also have a basis of $20,000 in the stock, which is the amount he paid for it.
Thus, Carl and his son should take into consideration that Carl has no tax liability, while Carl Jr. has to pay capital gains tax on the increase in the value of the stock.
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Alternative A is:
(a) A $36 million loan
(b) For 15 years
(c) With amortization predicated on a 30 year schedule
(d) At a fixed rate of interest equal to the yield on a 10 year Treasury Bond plus 235 basis points with payments calculated on a monthly basis
(e) With a three point fee to Mutual Life Insurance Company
Alternative B is:
(a) A $38.5 million loan
(b) For 15 years
(c) With amortization predicated on a 30 year schedule
(d) At a fixed rate of interest equal to the yield on a 10-year Treasury Bond plus 275 basis points with payments calculated on a monthly basis
(e) With a three point fee to Mutual Life Insurance Company
- - - - - - -
If the NOI for 2022 is projected to be $3,600,000 and is projected to increase 5% a year for the foreseeable future, and, the yield on a 10-year Treasury Bond at Closing is 2.5%:
(1) What is the stated interest rate under Alternatives A and B?
Alternative A = Alternative B =
To calculate the stated interest rate under Alternatives A and B, we need to add the basis points to the yield on the 10-year Treasury Bond.
Given:
Yield on a 10-year Treasury Bond at Closing = 2.5%
Basis points for Alternative A = 235
Basis points for Alternative B = 275
For Alternative A:
Stated Interest Rate for Alternative A = Yield on 10-year Treasury Bond + Basis Points for Alternative A
Stated Interest Rate for Alternative A = 2.5% + 2.35% = 4.85%
For Alternative B:
Stated Interest Rate for Alternative B = Yield on 10-year Treasury Bond + Basis Points for Alternative B
Stated Interest Rate for Alternative B = 2.5% + 2.75% = 5.25%
Therefore, the stated interest rate under Alternatives A and B is as follows:
Alternative A: 4.85%
Alternative B: 5.25%
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Please complete the following facts regarding Saudi Arabia.
1. The capital and population of the country
2. The countries / seas/ oceans bordering the country
3. The type of government and head of state
4. The country’s diversity issues which are being addressed or not
Explanation:
Saudi Diversity Challenges
User
Please complete the following facts regarding Saudi Arabia.
1. The capital and population of the country
2. The countries / seas/ oceans bordering the country
3. The type of government and head of state
4. The country’s diversity issues which are being addressed or not
1.The capital of Saudi Arabia is Riyadh, and as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the estimated population of the country was around 35 million people. However, please note that population figures may have changed since then, so it's advisable to verify the current statistics.
2.Saudi Arabia shares borders with several countries and bodies of water. To the north, it borders Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. To the northeast, it shares a border with Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The eastern part of the country is along the Persian Gulf, while its western coastline lies along the Red Sea.
3.Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, which means it is governed by a king who holds significant power. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the head of state was King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. However, please note that the leadership and head of state may have changed since then, so it's important to verify the current information.
4.Saudi Arabia has been grappling with diversity issues, particularly concerning gender equality and the treatment of minority groups. While some efforts have been made to address these issues in recent years, such as granting women the right to drive and increasing women's participation in the workforce, there are still significant challenges and ongoing debates surrounding issues like women's rights, freedom of expression, and religious freedom. It is important to note that societal changes take time, and the progression toward greater diversity and inclusion may vary depending on different perspectives and cultural contexts.
TUMA KA Municipal Council uses a feed forward approach in formulating its budget for performance analysis purposes . The following are the estimated details for the forth coming financial year - 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022:
Production and Sales in units - 100000 units ( 80 % capacity)
K000
Sales Revenue 540000
Cost:
Direct Material 80000
Direct Labor 110000
Variable overheads 40000
Production overheads (hybrid cost, 70% variable
the rest fixed ) 60000
Rent (fixed ) 10000
Depreciation (fixed) 8000
Management Salaries (fixed) 70000
Other overheads (fixed) 65000
REQUIRED
Flex the budget to 70%, 60%, 90% and 100 % activity levels and. Determine the profit / (loss ) for the fixed budget ( 80% ) and flexed Budgets
Fixed Budget (80% capacity): The profit is $97,000, Flexed Budget at 70%: The profit is $178,600, Flexed Budget at 60%: The profit is $220,200, Flexed Budget at 90% : The profit is $75,800, Flexed Budget at 100%: The profit is $55,000.
1. Fixed Budget (80% capacity):
Total Sales Revenue: $540,000 (given)
Total Costs:
Direct Material: $80,000 (given)Direct Labor: $110,000 (given)Variable Overheads: $40,000 (given)Production Overheads (Hybrid cost, 70% variable): 70% of $60,000 = $42,000 (variable), remaining 30% = $18,000 (fixed)Rent: $10,000 (fixed)Depreciation: $8,000 (fixed)Management Salaries: $70,000 (fixed)Other Overheads: $65,000 (fixed)Total Costs: $80,000 + $110,000 + $40,000 + $42,000 + $18,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $70,000 + $65,000 = $443,000
Profit/Loss for Fixed Budget (80%): Profit/Loss = Total Sales Revenue - Total Costs
Profit/Loss = $540,000 - $443,000 = $97,000
2. Flexed Budget at 70%:
Total Sales Revenue: $540,000 (given)
Total Costs:
Direct Material: $80,000 * 70% = $56,000Direct Labor: $110,000 * 70% = $77,000Variable Overheads: $40,000 * 70% = $28,000Production Overheads (Hybrid cost, 70% variable, rest fixed):Variable portion: 70% of $60,000 = $42,000 * 70% = $29,400Fixed portion: 30% of $60,000 = $18,000 (same as fixed portion in the fixed budget) All other remaining costs are fixed, i.e. same as in 80% capacityTotal Costs: $56,000 + $77,000 + $28,000 + $29,400 + $18,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $70,000 + $65,000 = $361,400
Profit/Loss for Flexed Budget (70%):
Profit/Loss = Total Sales Revenue - Total Costs
Profit/Loss = $540,000 - $361,400 = $178,600
3. Flexed Budget at 60%:
Total Costs: $80,000 * 60% + $110,000 * 60% + $40,000 * 60% + $42,000 * 60% + $18,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $70,000 + $65,000 = $319,800
Profit/Loss for Flexed Budget (60%):
Profit/Loss = $540,000 - $319,800 = $220,200
4. Flexed Budget at 90%:
Total Costs: $80,000 * 90% + $110,000 * 90% + $40,000 * 90% + $42,000 * 90% + $18,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $70,000 + $65,000 = $464,200
Profit/Loss for Flexed Budget (90%):
Profit/Loss = $540,000 - $464,200 = $75,800
5. Flexed Budget at 100%:
Total Costs: $80,000 * 100% + $110,000 * 100% + $40,000 * 100% + $42,000 * 100% + $18,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $70,000 + $65,000 = $485,000
Profit/Loss for Flexed Budget (100%):
Profit/Loss = $540,000 - $485,000 = $55,000
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A antomer service team identifies a goal of three business days for addressing all customer concerres. In the context of a control process, this goal is: measuring actual performance. comparing actual performance against chosen standards. implementing a feedback measure. establishing a standard of performance.
In the context of a control process, the goal of a customer service team to address all customer concerns within three business days is establishing a standard of performance. A standard of performance is a benchmark against which actual performance can be measured to determine if it meets or exceeds expectations.
The process of controlling involves setting performance standards, measuring actual performance, comparing it to standards, and taking corrective actions as needed. In this case, the standard of performance is set at three business days for addressing all customer concerns.
The actual performance of the customer service team is then measured against this standard to determine if it meets or exceeds the goal. If the actual performance falls short of the standard, corrective actions can be taken to bring it back in line.
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What is the most you would be willing to pay for a stock today if you expected the stock to pay a dividend of $1.65 and be priced next year at $70 if you wanted to earn a return of 15%? a. $59.43 b. $62.00 c. $62.30 d. $60.87
The dividend discount model is a way of calculating the intrinsic value of a stock. The maximum amount that you should be willing to pay for the stock is $59.43.
The given problem can be solved by applying the formula of the dividend discount model. It supposes that the value of a stock is equal to the present value of all future dividends, discounted back to the present day. Let’s denote the intrinsic value of a stock by P, the expected dividend by D1, the required return by R, and the expected stock price next year by P1. Therefore, P = D1 / (1+R) + P1 / (1+R)
The expected dividend of the stock is given as $1.65. The expected price of the stock next year is $70, and the required return is 15%. Therefore, the intrinsic value of the stock P = 1.65 / (1+0.15) + 70 / (1+0.15) = $59.43.
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Practically speaking, is an employer’s burden really met after
the employer "articulates" a legitimate non-discriminatory reason
for rejecting the employee? Explain.
Practically speaking, articulating a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for rejecting an employee is an important step for an employer in meeting their burden of proof in certain legal contexts.
However, it is important to note that simply providing a reason does not automatically absolve the employer of any potential liability or conclusively prove that discrimination did not occur.
When an employer articulates a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for rejecting an employee, it typically refers to providing a valid business justification for the decision that is unrelated to any protected characteristic (such as race, gender, age, or disability). This reason should be based on objective criteria and relevant to the specific job requirements or qualifications.
While articulating such a reason is necessary, it is not sufficient on its own to fully meet the employer's burden. The burden of proof often requires the employer to demonstrate that the reason provided was the true motivation behind the decision and not a pretext for discrimination. This may involve presenting evidence, such as documentation, performance evaluations, or witness testimony, to support the legitimacy of the stated reason.
In legal proceedings, the burden of proof may shift to the employee to show that the employer's articulated reason is pretextual and that discrimination was a motivating factor. The employee may present evidence that suggests discriminatory intent or inconsistencies in the employer's explanations. In such cases, the employer may need to provide additional evidence to rebut the employee's claims and reinforce the legitimacy of their decision-making process.
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