Researchers grew populations of identical Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in a growth medium that contained a low concentration of glucose and a high concentration of citrate, a substance that is not typically consumed by E. coli. For thousands of generations, the bacteria used only glucose as an energy source and grew relatively slowly and to a low density because of the low concentration of glucose. After about 30,000 generations, one population emerged that began to rapidly grow to a much higher density. The researchers hypothesized that the bacteria evolved the ability to use citrate as an energy source and referred to them as Cit . To test the hypothesis, the researchers grew separate populations of the Cit bacteria and bacteria from the original population (Cit- ) in a growth medium that contained only citrate. Describe one outcome that would demonstrate that a given population has evolved.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The colony of bacteria is called cit positive, or cit in case these advance with colonization in media with citrate, since if they grow in number and proliferate, it means that they use citrate as a metabolite or food resource for their metabolism.

Explanation:

In case these are negative cit, the profileration would have to be null or see that the colony stagnant its growth, that is to say that they did not increase in number or even decrease their number layers and they did not replicate in media with citrate.

Answer 2

The colony of bacteria is named cit positive, or cit just in case these advance with colonization in media with citrate.

Since if they grow in number and proliferate, it means they use citrate as a metabolite or food resource for metabolism.

In case these are negative cit, the proliferation would have to be null or see that the colony stagnant its growth, that is to say, that they did not increase in number or maybe decrease their number layers and that they didn't replicate in media with citrate.

What about E.coli?

E. coli, a species of bacteria that lives harmlessly in every person’s gut by the billions. A typical E. coli contains about 4,000 genes (we have about 20,000). Feeding on sugar, the microbe grows till it's able to split in two.

It makes two copies of its genome, nearly always managing to supply perfect copies of the first. The single microbe splits in two, and every new E. coli receives one of the identical genomes. These two bacteria are, in other words, clones.

Therefore, E.coli grows in presence of citrate that evolved in the population of 30,000 generations.

Learn more about E.coli here:

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Related Questions


Logan has a slice of a pizza that is 450g and has a volume of 122.3 mL. What is the density of Logan's slice
Of pizza?

Answers

The density of Logan’s pizza is 1

How do the following words relate?

Answers

Answer:

well there are 3 pink 3 mint green and 3 blue?

Organelles found in an osteocytes

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:a

How are the enzymes that nerve cells produce different from the enzymes that blood cells produce? A. The molecules that nerve cells digest are more complex than those digested by blood cells. B. The genes that are activated in nerve cells are different from those activated in blood cells. C. Nerve cells contain more ribosomes than blood cells. D. Nerve cells contain more mitochondria than blood cells.

Answers

Red blood cells carry a specific type of protein, called hemoglobin, which is able to bind oxygen and release it in other tissues. A nerve cell doesn't have this protein because it doesn't need to bind oxygen. Instead, the nerve cell uses other proteins that help it transmit signals to other cells.

Today, we push economies to grow whether or not they make us thrive. Especially in the richest countries, we should strive for economies that make us
thrive whether or not they grow." What type of economic model does this statement represent?
A. Classical economics
B. Threshold economics
C. Supply-side economics
D. Doughnut Economic Model

Answers

Answer:

D. Doughnut Economic Model

Explanation:

The "Doughnut Economic Model" is focused on the benefits that people can get in its economy rather than its growth. This situation is also known as the "circular economy," which deems thriving as more important than growing. The doughnut is represented by different things. The middle hole refers to the poor people in the society. The inner ring refers to the things we need in order to thrive in life while the dough refers the the area where people meet their needs. All of these interact within a circle, thus the term circular economy.

when the phases of the moon are getting larger, it is to be ?

Answers

Answer:

The moon is 180 degrees from the sun. When the bright part is getting bigger, the Moon is waxing. When it is getting smaller, the Moon is waning. When the Moon is more than half-lit, it is called a gibbous Moon.

Explanation:

if you wanted to test red blood cells for their ability to complete glycolysis, what compound would you try to detect

Answers

Answer:

Pyruvate

Explanation:

Glycolysis refers to the pathway through glucose is oxidized to pyruvate.

In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose passes through ten enzyme catalyzed steps to yield two molecules of pyruvate.

Step 1: Glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate

Step 2: Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate

Step 3: Fructose-6-phosphate is further phosphorylated to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Step 4: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Step 5: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to another molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Step 6: Two molecules of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Step 7: Two molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted to 3-phosphoglycerate

Step 8: Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate are converted to two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate

Step 9: Two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate are converted to two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate

Step 10: Two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate are converted to two molecules of  pyruvate, the end-product of glycolysis.

Therefore, the presence of pyruvate molecules in red blood cells can be used to test for their ability to complete glycolysis

Help me guys!! (Giving brainliest)

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

C because the cell membrane is semi permeable which means only certain substances can enter and exit.

According to the table, which of these triplets contains a change to AGA that
is a silent mutation?

Answers

Answer:

This is not the real sequence for insulin, which actually contains 51 amino acids. ... Mutant DNA. AGA. Arginine arginine. This change in. ТСТ amino acid is likely to ... triplet was changed to CCG?

Explanation:

The wings of insects, bats, and birds are structurally different but achieve similar functions. This is an example of a/an _______.

Answers

Answer:

analogous

Explanation:

Answer:

analogous structures

Explanation:

A man with hemophilia (a recessive, X-linked disorder) has a daughter of normal phenotype. The daughter decides to start a family with a man of normal phenotype.

A. If they have a daughter, what is the probability that she will have hemophilia?
B. If they have a son, what is the probability that he will have hemophilia?

Answers

Answer:

What is the probability that a daughter of this mating with be a hemophiliac? ... C) If the couple has four sons, what is the probability that all four will be born with ... have a normal phenotype, this disorder must be caused by a recessive allele. ... man marries a woman with normal vision whose father was color-blind. note: I ...

Explanation:

A student studies art and learned that he has several layers including inner and outer cores the student will make a model of the inner and outer cores of earth which model would be most like earths actual inner and outer cores A: A pool of liquid inside a solid metal ball. B: Metal ball with a slightly smaller solid metal ball inside it. C: A solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of liquid. D: A pool of one type of liquid in the middle of a pool of another type of liquid

Answers

Answer:

C: A solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of liquid.

Explanation:

Since the student is studying the earth, the core area is made up of a solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of a liquid.

The core is the inner most part of the earth. It exists in the middle of the earth. The core is divide into two layers; inner core and outer core. The inner core is a solid ball of metal. The outer core is a liquid metal under high temperature and pressure.

The experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that plants grow faster in green light. The same amount of water and fertilizer were added to each pot. Which action would improve the experiment?


A use different parts


B add more types of plants


C use plant food


D use the Same kind of plants in all trials.

Answers

Answer:  B

Explanation: If you use the same plants then you can't see if this plant or that plant is better at growing in green light. If you add different plants it will make it more interesting. The best answer is B

life in desert biomes tend to be limited by

Answers

Answer:

Low amounts of water

Explanation:

Deserts mean areas with low amounts of water and animals are not able to survive without water therefore  not having water is a limiting factor

(Limiting factors can also be said as limited by)

Determine the identity of an atom

Answers

Answer:

The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atoms identity.

Muscle cells contract using ATP. There is little ATP in your blood stream. How do your muscle cells get ATP they need to contract and move you?
1. ADP enters the cells from the bloodstream and it turns into ATP by adding a phosphate group in the nucleus
2. glucose from the bloodstream enters the cells and the mitochondria turns it into ATP
3. amino acids in the muscle tissue are broken down into ATP in the nucleus
4. glycogen from the bloodstream is turned directly into ATP by using enzyme glycanase

Answers

Answer:

I think its 1 or 2 my guy

Explanation:

I did this on some paper

Answer:

It's B

Explanation:

Which structure is found in all eukaryotic cell

Answers

I orange is the best game chosee it

Which of the following statements regarding the human
population are TRUE? Select TWO.
The world's population of humans is
increasing.
In every country, the human population is
increasing
In some countries, the human population is
decreasing or staying the same.
The world's population of humans is
staying constant.

Answers

Answer: Which of the following statements regarding the human

population are TRUE? Select TWO.

The world's population of humans is

increasing.

In every country, the human population is

increasing

In some countries, the human population is

decreasing or staying the same.

The world's population of humans is

staying constant.

Explanation: Which of the following statements regarding the human

population are TRUE? Select TWO.

The world's population of humans is

increasing.

In every country, the human population is

increasing

In some countries, the human population is

decreasing or staying the same.

The world's population of humans is

staying constant.

What geologic process could have formed the channel on Mars?

Answers

Answer:

It was water

Explanation:

In which biome would you find the highest biodiversity?
A)
grassland
B)
tundra
C)
savanna
D)
deciduous forest
E)
rainforest

Answers

It depends on what context, but I would say

E) Rainforest.

Due to the fact that it’s the ideal temperature for many organisms

Plato's allegory of the cave indicates that

majority opinion is almost always correct.

truths about reality are not always obvious.

when we seek the truth, we must always trust our senses.

imagination is a more reliable guide than objective reality?

Answers

Answer:

truths about reality are not always obvious.

Explanation:

Plato's allegory of the cave was proposed by the Greek philosopher called Plato. This was used to emphasize the importance of education and the effect caused by a lack of it.

Plato's allegory of the cave indicates that truths about reality are not always obvious. This implies that no matter how real something seems to be it is always ideal to ask questions about it which is useful in problem solving.

Which of the following explains what is happening to the fish population due to the increase in human population?
People are switching to eating more meat Instead, which is increasing the fish supplies.
People are still eating plenty of fish and there are more people, so the supply is being depleted faster.
People are reducing fish consumption as the population increases, so fish are being depleted at a slower rate.
People are eating more fish despite the increase in the population, so the fish supply is being privately farmed.

Answers

Answer:

People are eating more fish despite the increase in the population, so the fish supply is being privately farmed.

What makes up musc e tissue?
organisms
organ systems
organs
cells

Answers

molecules combine to form cells, cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, organs combine to form organ systemsMuscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts. The tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied with blood vessels.

What does this diagram represent?

Answers

It represents DNA since it is double stranded.

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a normal cell into a tumor
cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an
oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor? option choices
F ATP production is inhibited.
G Somatic cell growth is inhibited.
H Cell division is unregulated.
J Antibody activity is unregulated

Answers

Answer:

H Cell division is unregulated.

Explanation:

Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or somehow rendered overactive, cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably. This is a hallmark of cancer.

These genes make proteins with a range of functions, for example, signalling proteins, enzymes, transcription factors. What they have in common is that they promote cell growth and division.

do all individuals who have the spongy tiny pore allele show it in their physical appearance? why or why not?

Answers

hope it helps you plz mark me brilliantest

Answer:

What are the symptoms of Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic skin disease. Common symptoms include sparse scalp and body hair, reduced ability to sweat, and missing teeth. HED is caused by mutations in the EDA, EDAR, or EDARADD genes .

No, all the individuals who have the spongy tiny pore allele do not show it in their physical appearance.

Only those individuals in which this spongy tiny allele is dominant over other alleles will be appeared in their physical appearance whereas those individuals in which this allele is present as a recessive allele then it will not appear in their physical appearances so we can conclude that only dominant allele will appear in the physical appearance of an individual.

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help me please !!!!!!

Answers

we find ATP

like glucose and other organic compounds

Why do you think poikilothermic (cold blooded) animals are
slowed down by low temperatures?​

Answers

Poikilothermic (cold blooded) animals are slowed down by low temperatures because all chemical reactions slow down as the temperature is lowered, so at low temperatures, all the chemical reactions in an organism slow down.

LEMME GET BRAINLIEST

HELP ME GUYS! This has a lot of points and I’m also marking brainliest

Answers

Answer: B i think

Explanation:

Answer:

its c

Explanation:

2) The slight negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the slight

positive charge of second water molecule. What is this attraction/bond called?

A) a covalent bond

B) a hydrogen bond

C) an ionic bond

D) a hydrophilic bond

E) a hydrophobic bond

3) What gives rise to the cohesiveness of water molecules?

A) hydrophobic interactions

B) nonpolar covalent bonds

C) ionic bonds

D) hydrogen bonds

E) both A and C

Answers

Answer:

2. C

3. D

Explanation:

2. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds that forms between the ions of molecules or compounds. The two molecules are joined together by an electrostatic force. This is the case of the bond that forms between the slight negative charge (anion) at one end of a water molecule and the slight positive charge (cation) of a second water molecule.

3. Cohesion refers to the attraction of a molecule to a like molecule. The cohesiveness of water molecule to another water molecule is great due to the HYDROGEN BONDS that forms between them.

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