To calculate the required information, we will follow the given steps:
a. Number of shares outstanding, per-share price, and debt-to-equity ratio:
The proposed recapitalization involves repurchasing as many shares as possible at a price of $24 per share. To determine the number of shares outstanding, we divide the total repurchase amount by the repurchase price per share: $48,000,000 / $24 = 2,000,000 shares repurchased.
Subtracting the repurchased shares from the current shares outstanding, we get the new number of shares outstanding: 4,900,000 - 2,000,000 = 2,900,000 shares.
The per-share price remains unchanged at $24 per share.
The debt-to-equity ratio can be calculated by dividing the total long-term debt by the equity value. Since the proposed recapitalization involves selling $48,000,000 worth of long-term debt and no additional equity is issued, the debt-to-equity ratio becomes: $48,000,000 / $48,000,000 = 1.
b. Earnings per share (EPS) and return on equity (ROE):
Under the current capital structure, since Focus is an all-equity firm, the EPS is equal to the net income divided by the number of shares outstanding. Given an EBIT of $27,000,000 per year in perpetuity, and assuming no interest expense or taxes, the net income is equal to EBIT: EPS (current) = $27,000,000 / 4,900,000 shares.
Under the proposed capital structure, the EPS can be calculated by subtracting the interest expense from EBIT and dividing by the new number of shares outstanding: EPS (proposed) = (EBIT - Interest Expense) / 2,900,000 shares. Since the interest expense is equal to the debt multiplied by the interest rate, the EPS (proposed) becomes: EPS (proposed) = ($27,000,000 - ($48,000,000 * 7.25%)) / 2,900,000 shares.
The return on equity (ROE) is calculated by dividing the net income by the equity value. Under the current capital structure, the ROE is equal to the EPS (current) divided by the price per share: ROE (current) = (EPS (current) * Price per Share) / Equity Value. Under the proposed capital structure, the ROE is equal to the EPS (proposed) divided by the price per share: ROE (proposed) = (EPS (proposed) * Price per Share) / Equity Value.
c. EBIT where EPS is the same for both capital structures:
Set the EPS (current) equal to the EPS (proposed) and solve for EBIT. This will give us the EBIT level at which the EPS remains the same for both capital structures.
d. EBIT where EPS is zero for both capital structures:
Set the EPS (current) and EPS (proposed) equal to zero and solve for EBIT. This will give us the EBIT level at which the EPS becomes zero for both capital structures.
Please provide the values for the price per share and the equity value, as they are needed to calculate the EPS, ROE, and solve for the EBIT levels.
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Which of the following is most true of the current U.S. tariff code? a It is short but very difficult to comprehend. b It is lengthy but easy to understand.
c It is both lengthy and highly complex. d It is written in an easy to understand language.
The most accurate description of the current U.S. tariff code is that it is both lengthy and highly complex. The tariff code contains numerous provisions and classifications that make it a comprehensive and detailed document. However, understanding and navigating the code can be challenging due to its complexity and technical language.
The U.S. tariff code, also known as the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS), is a comprehensive document that lists and classifies the tariffs and trade-related measures applied to imported goods. It provides a framework for determining the customs duties, regulations, and restrictions on various products. The code is extensive, covering a wide range of goods and industries.
However, the complexity of the U.S. tariff code can pose challenges for individuals and businesses trying to interpret and comply with its provisions. The code includes detailed descriptions, classification systems, and specific criteria for determining tariff rates, which can be difficult to navigate without specialized knowledge or assistance.
While efforts have been made to provide explanatory notes and guidelines to assist with understanding the tariff code, it is still considered a complex document that requires expertise and familiarity to fully comprehend. Therefore, the most accurate description is that the current U.S. tariff code is both lengthy and highly complex.
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When defining the IS vision, organizations are often influenced by a number of factors. Which of the following answers is MOST likely to have influence on the role that information systems play in an organization? O The organization's net worth
O The number of employees O The organization's age O The competitive environment
When defining the IS vision, organizations are often influenced by a number of factors. The most likely factor to have influence on the role that information systems play in an organization is the competitive environment.
IS stands for Information System. It is a framework of software, hardware, infrastructure, and trained professionals that helps organizations in creating, managing, and disseminating data. Organizations use these systems to improve their performance, increase their efficiency, and gain competitive advantages.IS Vision:IS vision can be defined as a long-term plan for how an organization's information system should evolve to support its business objectives. Defining an IS vision is a critical first step in any information system project.
The vision serves as a guide for all of the project's activities and decisions, ensuring that they align with the organization's objectives. The factors that can influence the IS vision of an organization include: Organizational culture The competitive environment The organization's size and complexity The organization's age Technological factors The organizational structure The organization's strategic objectives Therefore, the answer is option D.
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Chapter 4: Strategic Quality Planning • Discussion questions- 16- Describe the benefits of strategic planning.
Strategic planning brings numerous benefits to organizations. Firstly, it provides a clear direction and purpose by defining the organization's vision, mission, and goals.
This clarity enables employees to align their efforts and work towards a common objective, fostering a sense of unity and motivation. Strategic planning also helps organizations adapt to changing environments and anticipate future challenges. It involves analyzing internal and external factors, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and leveraging opportunities while mitigating risks.
Another benefit is improved decision-making. With a strategic plan in place, decision-makers have a framework to evaluate options and make informed choices that align with the organization's long-term objectives. Additionally, strategic planning facilitates resource allocation, ensuring that resources, including time, budget, and personnel, are allocated effectively to achieve strategic goals.
Strategic planning also enhances communication and coordination within an organization. It promotes transparency, as employees at all levels are aware of the organization's goals and how their work contributes to them. This shared understanding fosters collaboration and synergy among departments, promoting efficiency and effectiveness.
Overall, strategic planning provides a roadmap for success, increases organizational resilience, facilitates decision-making, optimizes resource allocation, improves communication, and enhances overall performance.
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Your comments on the evolution of strategic management from
different theoretical perspectives and practices since 1980s till
recent years.
Strategic management has undergone various changes in theoretical perspectives and practices from the 1980s till recent years. One of the primary theoretical perspectives is the resource-based view (RBV), which emerged in the 1980s.
RBV suggests that a firm's unique resources and capabilities drive its competitive advantage. This perspective has remained relevant to the present day, and it has expanded to include the dynamic capability view, which highlights the importance of a firm's ability to adapt and change over time. Along with RBV, institutional theory, and stakeholder theory have been crucial theoretical perspectives in strategic management. Institutional theory suggests that organizations are influenced by the norms and values of their environment and stakeholders, while stakeholder theory highlights the importance of considering the interests of various stakeholders in decision-making. In recent years, other theoretical perspectives have emerged, such as the business model canvas and open innovation.
The business model canvas provides a structured framework for analyzing and designing a business model, while open innovation emphasizes the importance of collaborating with external partners to generate innovation. In terms of strategic management practices, there has been a shift towards more collaborative and adaptive approaches. Agile methodologies have become popular, emphasizing flexibility, speed, and customer-centricity. The rise of digital technologies has also led to increased use of data analytics and artificial intelligence in decision-making. Overall, the evolution of strategic management from the 1980s till recent years has been characterized by the emergence of new theoretical perspectives and practices, as well as a shift towards more collaborative and adaptive approaches.
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Customers of auto insurance tend to be very price sensitive and they almost always select the insurer giving the best price. Given this background, does it really make sense for Progressive to offer Comparison Quotes? What percentage of the customers using the service will find Progressive's price to be lower than those of the competition? This would lead us to think why or why not it may make sense for Progressive to introduce something that clearly benefits the customers but not obviously benefits the company itself. What are your thoughts?
Yes, it makes sense for Progressive to offer Comparison Quotes, even though auto insurance customers are known to be price sensitive and almost always select the insurer giving the best price.
Progressive’s Comparison Quotes allow customers to see their competitors' prices. This service enables customers to compare prices and choose the best insurance policy for them. Progressive's Comparison Quotes allows customers to make an informed decision on the right policy for them.
If the price is higher, it would allow customers to make a more informed decision about the coverage they need. Progressive's Comparison Quotes service would also benefit the company by helping them maintain existing customers and attract new ones. Customers that are satisfied with the service provided by the company would remain loyal to Progressive and even recommend the company to others. Additionally, attracting new customers can increase revenue for the company. Therefore, offering Comparison Quotes can benefit the company by increasing customer satisfaction, reducing customer churn, and attracting new customers.
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When performing a suitability determination, the customer informs you that she will not invest in any companies that produce or market tobacco or alcohol products. This is an example of:
A: faith-based investing
B: non-financial considerations
C: investment strategy
D: personal customer profiling
The customer informs you that she will not invest in any companies that produce or market tobacco or alcohol products. This is an example of non-financial considerations when performing a suitability determination.
What is suitability determination?
The suitability determination process is a critical component of any financial planning or investment advisory relationship. It is the process by which the adviser determines whether an investment strategy or recommendation is appropriate for a particular investor. Factors such as investment objectives, risk tolerance, investment time frame, liquidity needs, and tax implications are all considered during the suitability assessment. The adviser can recommend investments that are incompatible with an investor's financial goals or risk tolerance if the suitability assessment is flawed.Non-financial considerationsNon-financial considerations are aspects other than financial ones that may have an impact on the suitability of a financial product or service. Socially responsible investing is an example of this type of investment approach. Faith-based investing, which entails investing in businesses that are consistent with the investor's religious beliefs, is another example of non-financial considerations. The customer informing you that she will not invest in any companies that produce or market tobacco or alcohol products is also an example of non-financial considerations. Answer: B: non-financial considerations
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Operational Goals: What should be the primary operational goal of a multinational enterprise (MNE)?
The primary operational goal of a multinational enterprise (MNE) should be to achieve operational efficiency.
An MNE (Multinational enterprise) refers to a corporation that has operations in more than one nation. It's sometimes referred to as a multinational corporation. The central office is typically located in the home country of the firm.
Operational efficiency refers to the capacity to accomplish more using fewer resources. It's the goal of streamlining workflows, optimizing employee output, and enhancing the customer experience. In other words, achieving operational efficiency is critical to a company's success because it lowers expenses, increases revenue, and helps to improve product or service quality. The primary operational goal of an MNE (Multinational enterprise) should be to achieve operational efficiency. The multinational enterprise should be looking to reduce expenses, optimize employee output, and improve product or service quality. Doing so will help to lower expenses, increase revenue, and provide customers with a better experience. Therefore, the primary operational goal of an MNE should be to achieve operational efficiency.
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You have the following forecast about a stock's return Probability 10% 15% 50% 15% 10% Return -15% 12% 8% -10% 18% Calculate the semi-interquartile range.
a 2 b 9 c 10 d 11
The semi-interquartile range for the given forecasted stock returns is 11%.
To calculate the semi-interquartile range, we first need to find the first quartile (Q1) and third quartile (Q3) of the stock's return distribution.
Step 1: Arrange the returns in ascending order:
-15%, -10%, 8%, 12%, 18%
Step 2: Calculate the cumulative probability for each return:
10%, 25%, 75%, 90%, 100%
Step 3: Determine Q1 and Q3:
Q1: The return at the cumulative probability closest to or less than 25% is -10%.
Q3: The return at the cumulative probability closest to or less than 75% is 12%.
Step 4: Calculate the semi-interquartile range:
Semi-Interquartile Range = (Q3 - Q1) / 2 = (12% - (-10%)) / 2 = 11%
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IN YOUR OWN WORDS, explain and discuss each of these concepts within the context of the above case. Hint: Concepts must be discussed (or explained) by referring to the case, i.e., as they apply to the case.
1. The Legislative process
2. Party vote vs conscience (or free) vote
3. Lobbying 4. Political donations – legality vs ethics
5. Political corruption – legality vs ethics
6. Conflict of interest
1. The Legislative processThe legislative process is a set of procedures that must be followed in order for a bill to become law.
The process begins when a Member of Parliament (MP) introduces a bill in the House of Commons. The bill is then debated, scrutinized, and amended before it is voted on by MPs. If the bill is approved by the House of Commons, it is then sent to the Senate, where it is again debated, scrutinized, and amended before it is voted on by Senators. If the bill is approved by the Senate, it is then sent to the Governor General for royal assent, after which it becomes law.
2. Party vote vs conscience (or free) voteA party vote is when MPs are required to vote according to the party's position on a particular issue. A conscience (or free) vote is when MPs are allowed to vote according to their own conscience or beliefs, rather than according to the party's position.
3. LobbyingLobbying is the process of trying to influence government policy or decisions by contacting and/or meeting with politicians and officials. Lobbyists may be individuals, organizations, or corporations, and they may seek to influence government on a wide range of issues.
4. Political donations – legality vs ethicsPolitical donations are donations made to political parties or candidates by individuals, organizations, or corporations. While political donations are legal in many countries, there are often strict rules and regulations governing their use. However, there are also ethical concerns associated with political donations, as some may argue that they can lead to undue influence over government decisions.
5. Political corruption – legality vs ethicsPolitical corruption refers to the abuse of power by government officials for personal gain. This may include bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, or other forms of illegal or unethical behavior. While political corruption is illegal in most countries, it can be difficult to detect and prosecute.
6. Conflict of interestA conflict of interest occurs when an individual or organization has competing interests or loyalties that may interfere with their ability to act impartially or in the best interests of others. In the case of government officials, conflicts of interest may arise when they have financial or personal interests that conflict with their official duties. This can create the appearance of impropriety and erode public trust in government institutions.
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Find the minimum cash investment for a FHA loan on a home in a low closing cost state costing $64,850 with closing costs of $1,025.
A. $2419.28 B. $1945.50 C. $2548.98 D. $2873.23
The correct answer is: D. $1,244.75. To find the minimum cash investment for an FHA loan on a home, we need to calculate it based on the purchase price and the closing costs.
The minimum cash investment for an FHA loan is typically 3.5% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase price of the home. In this case, the purchase price is $64,850, and the closing costs are $1,025.
First, we need to determine the lesser of the appraised value and the purchase price. Since that information is not provided in the question, we will assume the purchase price is used.
The minimum cash investment is calculated as follows:
Minimum Cash Investment = Purchase Price x Minimum Percentage
Minimum Cash Investment = $64,850 x 0.035
Now we can calculate the minimum cash investment:
Minimum Cash Investment = $2,269.75
However, we also need to take into account the closing costs. Since the closing costs are $1,025, we subtract this amount from the minimum cash investment to determine the final minimum cash investment required:
Final Minimum Cash Investment = Minimum Cash Investment - Closing Costs
Final Minimum Cash Investment = $2,269.75 - $1,025
Calculating the final minimum cash investment:
Final Minimum Cash Investment = $1,244.75
Therefore, the correct answer is: D. $1,244.75
The minimum cash investment for an FHA loan is typically 3.5% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase price of the home. In this case, since the appraised value is not provided, we assume the purchase price is used. We calculate the minimum cash investment by multiplying the purchase price by the minimum percentage (3.5%). We then subtract the closing costs from the minimum cash investment to determine the final minimum cash investment required.
The minimum cash investment for a FHA loan on a home in this scenario is $1,244.75.
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1, Suppose 10-year T-bonds have a yield of 5.30% and 10-year corporate bonds yield 6.65%. Also, corporate bonds have a 0.25% liquidity premium versus a zero liquidity premium for T-bonds, and the maturity risk premium on both Treasury and corporate 10-year bonds is 1.15%. What is the default risk premium on corporate bonds?
O a. 1.22%
O b. 1.10%
O c. 1.34%
O d. 0.86%
O e. 1.20%
The default risk premium on corporate bonds is approximately 1.22%.
To calculate the default risk premium, we need to subtract the risk-free rate (yield on T-bonds) from the yield on corporate bonds, taking into account the liquidity premium and maturity risk premium.
Default risk premium = Yield on corporate bonds - Yield on T-bonds - Liquidity premium - Maturity risk premium
Given information:
Yield on T-bonds = 5.30%
Yield on corporate bonds = 6.65%
Liquidity premium = 0.25%
Maturity risk premium = 1.15%
Default risk premium = 6.65% - 5.30% - 0.25% - 1.15% = 0.95%
Among the provided answer choices, the closest value to 0.95% is 1.22% (option a).
Therefore, option a, 1.22%, is the approximate default risk premium on corporate bonds.
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Under _____ method, the ending inventory is valued based on the oldest purchase. a. LIFO b. Specific identification c. Weighted Average d. FIFO
Under the FIFO method, the ending inventory is valued based on the oldest purchase. The correct answer is d. FIFO. FIFO is preferred in times of rising prices since it results in the least amount of profit, which in turn results in the least amount of tax liability.
The term FIFO stands for first in, first out. Under the FIFO method, the first items purchased are the first items sold, while the most recently purchased items remain in the inventory.
This implies that the cost of goods sold reflects the most recent cost of purchases, while the ending inventory reflects the oldest cost of purchases.
This inventory costing method is straightforward to apply because it follows a logical flow and is more closely linked to physical inventory flow than other inventory costing methods.
As a result, inventory valuation, gross profit, and taxable income can all be affected by using the FIFO method. The inventory costing method utilized by a firm has a significant impact on financial reporting.
As a result, management must carefully evaluate and choose the most appropriate inventory costing technique for their specific type of business.
In conclusion, under the FIFO method, the ending inventory is valued based on the oldest purchase.
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How do changes in volume affect the break-even point? Provide an example.
Changes in volume affect the break-even point in a significant way. In this context, the break-even point is the point where the company's sales revenue equals its total costs, resulting in zero profit or loss. At this point, the company will neither make a profit nor lose any money.
A company will be said to have attained a break-even point if it can generate enough sales to cover all its costs. Volume is a crucial component in the calculation of the break-even point. The higher the volume, the lower the break-even point. As a result, any adjustments made to volume have a substantial impact on the break-even point. For example, if a firm produces 50,000 units of a product and has a break-even point of 40,000 units, the firm is not producing at maximum capacity.
The firm may decide to increase production to 60,000 units. This would result in a decline in the firm's break-even point, lowering its production costs. In addition, a decrease in the firm's volume would result in an increase in its break-even point. Let's say that the firm reduces its volume to 20,000 units. Its break-even point would rise. Thus, changes in volume significantly impact the break-even point.
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Times Inc. is trying to develop an asset-financing plan. The firm has $400,000 in temporary current assets and $300,000 in permanent current assets. Times also has $500,000 in fixed assets. Assume a tax rate of 25 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest whole number.) a. Construct two alternative financing plans for Times. One of the plans should be conservative, with 60 percent of assets financed by long-term sources, and the other should be aggressive, with only 56.25 percent of assets financed by long-term sources. The current interest rate is 13 percent on long-term funds and 8 percent on short-term financing. Compute the annual interest payments under each plan.b. Given that Times' earnings before interest and taxes are $280,000, calculate earnings after taxes for each of your alternatives.c. What would the annual interest and earnings after taxes for the conservative and aggressive strategies be if the short-term and long-term interest rates were reversed?
a. Annual interest payments for conservative financing plan is $86,600 while annual interest payments for aggressive financing plan is $75,688.
b. Earnings after taxes for conservative financing plan is $145,050 while earnings after taxes for aggressive financing plan is $145,050.
c. Annual interest and earnings after taxes if the short-term and long-term interest rates were reversed for the conservative strategies is $77,000 and $152,250 respectively while for aggressive strategies is $70,688 and $156,984 respectively.
a. Two financing plans for Times Inc.
1. Conservative financing plan: In the conservative financing plan, the firm will finance 60% of its assets by long-term sources. The calculation of annual interest payments is as follows:
Long-term financing = 60% of ($300,000 + $500,000) = $420,000
Short-term financing = $400,000
Interest on long-term financing = 13% × $420,000 = $54,600
Interest on short-term financing = 8% × $400,000 = $32,000
Annual interest payments for conservative financing plan = $54,600 + $32,000 = $86,600.
2. Aggressive financing plan: In the aggressive financing plan, the firm will finance only 56.25% of its assets by long-term sources. The calculation of annual interest payments is as follows:
Long-term financing = 56.25% of ($300,000 + $500,000) = $393,750
Short-term financing = ($400,000 + $300,000) - $393,750 = $306,250
Interest on long-term financing = 13% × $393,750 = $51,188
Interest on short-term financing = 8% × $306,250 = $24,500
Annual interest payments for aggressive financing plan = $51,188 + $24,500 = $75,688.
b. Calculation of Earnings after taxes for each of the alternatives
1. Conservative financing plan:
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $280,000
Annual interest payments = $86,600
Earnings before taxes (EBT) = $280,000 - $86,600 = $193,400
Taxes at 25% = $48,350
Earnings after taxes (EAT) = $193,400 - $48,350 = $145,050.
2. Aggressive financing plan:
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $280,000
Annual interest payments = $75,688
Earnings before taxes (EBT) = $280,000 - $75,688 = $204,312
Taxes at 25% = $51,078
Earnings after taxes (EAT) = $204,312 - $51,078 = $153,234.
c. Calculation of annual interest and earnings after taxes for conservative and aggressive strategies
If the short-term and long-term interest rates were reversed, the conservative financing plan would be to finance more through short-term financing.
The calculation of annual interest payments and earnings after taxes in this case is as follows:
Long-term financing = 40% of ($300,000 + $500,000) = $280,000
Short-term financing = ($400,000 + $300,000) - $280,000 = $420,000
Interest on long-term financing = 8% × $280,000 = $22,400
Interest on short-term financing = 13% × $420,000 = $54,600
Annual interest payments for conservative financing plan = $22,400 + $54,600 = $77,000
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $280,000
Annual interest payments = $77,000
Earnings before taxes (EBT) = $280,000 - $77,000 = $203,000
Taxes at 25% = $50,750
Earnings after taxes (EAT) = $203,000 - $50,750 = $152,250.
Against this backdrop, if Times Inc. follows the aggressive financing plan, then the calculation of annual interest payments and earnings after taxes is as follows:
Long-term financing = 43.75% of ($300,000 + $500,000) = $406,250
Short-term financing = ($400,000 + $300,000) - $406,250 = $293,750
Interest on long-term financing = 8% × $406,250 = $32,500
Interest on short-term financing = 13% × $293,750 = $38,188
Annual interest payments for aggressive financing plan = $32,500 + $38,188 = $70,688
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = $280,000
Annual interest payments = $70,688
Earnings before taxes (EBT) = $280,000 - $70,688 = $209,312
Taxes at 25% = $52,328
Earnings after taxes (EAT) = $209,312 - $52,328 = $156,984.
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(Capital Asset Pricing Model) Brechende Inc. has shots of 0 77 the expected market ratum is 10.0 percent and the like beste le65 percent what is the expected to recente (using the CAPM? The appropriate expected return of Breckenridge Round to be oncimal places
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) helps in calculating the expected return on investment on an asset given the risk-free rate, market risk premium, and asset beta.
The formula for the CAPM is:Expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta × Market risk premiumHere,Beta: Beta is the systematic risk of an asset, which is measured in comparison to the overall market risk.Risk-free rate: The rate of return on a risk-free investment, such as the yield on Treasury bills (T-bills).
Market risk premium: Market risk premium represents the additional rate of return investors demand to hold a risky asset relative to a risk-free asset.The formula for calculating the expected return using CAPM is given by;Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + (Market Risk Premium × Beta)Now, let’s calculate the expected return for Brechende Inc.
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A major reason why international acquisitions fail is
A.
home country markets don't like globalization
B.
international acquisitions are too slow of an entry method
C.
home country governments don't like this kind of globalization
D.
it is difficult to adequately evaluate the target company
Answer:
B. international acquisitions ate too slow of an entry method
A major reason international acquisitions fail is international acquisitions are too slow of an entry method. The answer is OPTION B.
While the speed of entry can indeed be a factor in the success of international acquisitions, it's important to note that a major reason why international acquisitions fail extends beyond the speed factor. International acquisitions can fail due to various complex reasons, including cultural differences, integration challenges, differing management styles, regulatory hurdles, and unanticipated economic changes.
Mere speed does not guarantee success if the fundamental aspects of due diligence, understanding local market dynamics, cultural sensitivity, and post-acquisition integration are not adequately addressed. Rushing into international acquisitions without proper planning and preparation can lead to overlooking critical issues, misalignment of strategies, and difficulty in achieving synergies between the acquiring and acquired entities.
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The Metlock Company issued $300,000 of 13% bonds on January 1, 2020. The bonds are due January 1, 2025, with interest payable each July 1 and January 1. The bonds were issued at 97. Prepare the journal entries for (a) January 1, (b) July 1, and (c) December 31. Assume The Metlock Company records straight-line amortization semiannually. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) No. Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Cred (a) B
a) The discount amount is calculated as the difference between the face value of the bonds and the issue price. b) Cash is credited for the interest payment. c) Interest expense is recorded based on the face value of the bonds, while cash is not affected in this entry.
(a) January 1, 2020:
To record the issuance of the bonds at a discount, the journal entry would be:
Date: January 1, 2020
Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Cash $291,000
Discount on Bonds Payable $9,000
Bonds Payable $300,000
The company receives cash of $291,000 ($300,000 x 97%), representing the issue price of the bonds. The discount on bonds payable is recorded as a contra-liability account to Bonds Payable. The discount amount is calculated as the difference between the face value of the bonds and the issue price.
(b) July 1, 2020:
To record the interest payment on July 1, 2020, the journal entry would be:
Date: July 1, 2020
Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Interest Expense $19,500
Discount on Bonds Payable $500
Cash $20,000
The company records the interest expense based on the face value of the bonds ($300,000 x 13% / 2 = $19,500). The discount on bonds payable is amortized by $500 ([$9,000 / 10] x 1), reducing the carrying value of the liability. Cash is credited for the interest payment.
(c) December 31, 2020:
To record the semiannual amortization of the discount on December 31, 2020, the journal entry would be:
Date: December 31, 2020
Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Interest Expense $19,500
Discount on Bonds Payable $500
Premium on Bonds Payable $1,000
Since the bonds are recorded using straight-line amortization, the discount on bonds payable is amortized by $500 ([$9,000 / 10] x 1), reducing the carrying value of the liability. The amortization of the discount creates a credit to the Premium on Bonds Payable account. Interest expense is recorded based on the face value of the bonds, while cash is not affected in this entry.
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Current Attempt in Progress Mia contributed $100,000 to a Roth IRA over the past 20 years. She retired at age 60 and would like to withdraw all the funds. She would be in the 24% federal marginal tax bracket. How much will she pay in income taxes on the funds? $0. $34.000. $10,000.
$24,000.
If she would be in the 24% federal marginal tax bracket then she will spend income taxes of $0.
Mia contributed $100,000 to a Roth IRA over the past 20 years.
She retired at age 60 and would like to withdraw all the funds. She would be in the 24% federal marginal tax bracket.
Mia will not pay any income tax on the funds since Roth IRA contributions are after-tax. Thus, she can withdraw the funds without any tax implications.
Roth IRAs offer an alternative to traditional tax-deferred retirement accounts, with the difference that Roth IRA contributions are after-tax, so they don't receive an immediate tax deduction.
However, the withdrawals from a Roth IRA in retirement are tax-free. This is not the case for traditional tax-deferred accounts, such as 401(k) or IRA.
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Consider a bond paying a coupon rate of 12% per year, compounded annually, when the market interest rate (return on investments of like risk) is 7% per year. The bond has THREE years until maturity from today. (In other words, the bond matures 3 years from today.) What is the bond's price one year from today after the next coupon is paid? Give the answer in dollars and cents.
The bond's price one year from today after the next coupon is paid will be approximately $108.90.
To determine the bond's price one year from today after the next coupon is paid, we need to calculate the present value of the remaining coupon payments and the face value.
The bond has a coupon rate of 12% per year, compounded annually. Since the market interest rate is 7%, which is lower than the coupon rate, the bond is expected to be priced at a premium.
Firstly, Calculate the present value of the coupon payments:
The bond pays a coupon rate of 12% per year, compounded annually. With a face value of $100, the annual coupon payment is $100 × 12% = $12.
Since the bond has three years until maturity, there will be two remaining coupon payments after one year from today.
To calculate the present value of these future coupon payments, we discount them using the market interest rate of 7%.
The present value of each future coupon payment is: $12 / (1 + 7%)¹ = $11.21 (rounded to two decimal places).
Therefore, the present value of the remaining coupon payments after one year is: 2 × $11.21 = $22.42.
Calculate the present value of the face value;
The face value of the bond is $100, which is received at maturity.
To calculate the present value of the face value, we discount it using the market interest rate of 7% for two years (since there are three years until maturity from today).
The present value of the face value is: $100 / (1 + 7%)² = $86.48 (rounded to two decimal places).
Calculate the bond's price one year from today:
To get the bond's price one year from today, we sum the present value of the remaining coupon payments and the present value of the face value.
Bond price = Present value of remaining coupon payments + Present value of face value
= $22.42 + $86.48
= $108.90
Therefore, the bond's price one year from today after the next coupon is paid is $108.90.
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Township Soaps is a producer of handmade bar and liquid soaps in Canada. The company has recently begun exporting to several international clients. A boutique hotel chain headquartered in Hamburg, Germany has approached Township Soaps and asked for a quote for a large, recurring order of bottles of liquid soap for its hotels. The client requested customized packaging to include the hotel's logo which would cost require Township to buy a new machine. The incoterm agreed upon is CIP. The quote requested is for 7,000 units. The company does not need to acquire any new machinery or overhead to fulfill this order as it has enough capacity in its existing facilities. The cost to produce the soap domestically is as follows: Direct Materials per unit: $3.25 Direct Labour per unit: $1.25 Variable Manufacturing Overhead per unit: $0.15 Fixed Manufacturing Overhead per unit: $0.25 Sales Commissions per unit (domestic only): $0.10 The following costs have been estimated by Township Soaps to export the product to Hamburg. The company considers its activity base to be the number of units sold. Total freight Cost by Boat (less-than-container load, includes insurance): $1,400 Total domestic transportation from factory to the Port of Montreal (by Truck): $350 Total domestic transportation from Port of Hamburg to client location in Hamburg (by truck): $200 Customs duties to clear customs in Germany: $15 per unit Total detention fee Canada: $560 Total strapping and Marking Fees: $210 Translation of Packaging from English to German: $300 Time spent redesigning the labels to be printed in German: $200 Additional cost of printing the labels on the bottles in German: $0.10 per unit Time and cost for an existing salaried employee to prepare documentation for export: $200 New Machine Required for custom packaging for the hotel: $18,000 Wire transfer fee for the order: $50 Time for an existing salaried employee to oversee business development and customer service: $1,350 Hedging on Foreign Exchange Risk: $0.05 per unit The company is aware that some of these costs might not be relevant to this export situation and need your help to perform some calculations. Based on the information provided, answer the following questions: 1. Calculate the domestic cost per unit using absorption costing 2. Calculate the unit variable cost for one bottle of soap to be exported to Hamburg. Remember to only include the relevant costs. Round to the nearest hundredth (two decimal places). HINT: When calculating any variable costs that are a percentage % of the value of goods (such as insurance and hedging), add up all the other variable costs first, THEN calculate the percentage based on that total. 3. Calculate the total fixed cost for this order (include only relevant costs) 4. If the company charges $8 per unit when exporting the product, what is the minimum number of units that they need to sell to break even? Round up to the nearest whole number. 5. Using variable costing (i.e. the answer you calculated in question two), if the company wants a 60% markup on the exported product, what should the selling price be? Round to two decimal places. 6. What is the company's net income on this order if they set the selling price to $10 per unit?
1. Calculate the domestic cost per unit using absorption costing: Direct Materials per unit: $3.25,Direct Labor per unit: $1.25 ,Variable Manufacturing Overhead per unit: $0.15,Fixed Manufacturing Overhead per unit: $0.25,Sales Commissions per unit (domestic only): $0.10.
Total absorption cost per unit = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead + Fixed Manufacturing Overhead + Sales Commissions
= $3.25 + $1.25 + $0.15 + $0.25 + $0.10
= $5.00
The domestic cost per unit using absorption costing is $5.00.
2. Calculate the unit variable cost for one bottle of soap to be exported to Hamburg:
Total freight cost by Boat: $1,400
Customs duties to clear customs in Germany: $15 per unit
Total detention fee Canada: $560
Total strapping and Marking Fees: $210
Translation of Packaging from English to German: $300
Time spent redesigning the labels to be printed in German: $200
Additional cost of printing the labels on the bottles in German: $0.10 per unit
Time and cost for an existing salaried employee to prepare documentation for export: $200
Wire transfer fee for the order: $50
Time for an existing salaried employee to oversee business development and customer service: $1,350
Hedging on Foreign Exchange Risk: $0.05 per unit
Total variable cost per unit for export = Total variable costs / Number of units
= ($1,400 + $15 + $560 + $210 + $300 + $200 + $0.10 + $200 + $50 + $1,350 + $0.05) / 7,000
Round the unit variable cost to the nearest hundredth:
Unit variable cost for one bottle of soap to be exported to Hamburg = $3.41
3. Calculate the total fixed cost for this order (include only relevant costs):
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead per unit: $0.25
New Machine Required for custom packaging for the hotel: $18,000
Total fixed cost for this order = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead per unit + New Machine Required
= $0.25 + $18,000
The total fixed cost for this order is $18,000.25.
4. Break-even sales volume = Total fixed cost / (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
= $18,000.25 / ($8 - $3.41)
Round up to the nearest whole number: The minimum number of units needed to break even is 6,123 units.
5. Markup percentage = 60%
Selling price per unit = Unit variable cost / (1 - Markup percentage)
Selling price per unit = $3.41 / (1 - 0.60)
= $3.41 / 0.40
Round to the nearest hundredth: The selling price per unit should be $8.53.
6. Selling price per unit = $10,Net income per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Net income per unit = $10 - $3.41
= $6.59
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Dunder Mifflin
Dunder Mifflin reported stockholders' equity on December 31 of the prior year as follows:
Common stock, $10 par value, 80,000 shares
authorized, issues, and outstanding.... $800,000
Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock... 290,000
Retained earnings.. 1,600,000
The following selected transactions occurred during the current year:
Feb. 15 A cash dividend of $1.00 per share was declared by the board of directors to stockholders of record on March 1, payable March 9.
March 9 Paid the cash dividend.
May 1 Purchased 7,000 shares of its own common stock at $50 per share.
Sept 1 A cash dividend of $1.00 per share was declared by the board of directors to stockholders of record on Sept 15, payable September 24.
Sept 24 Paid the cash dividend.
Nov 1 Sold 1,500 treasury shares for $61 per share.
Dec. 31 Earned a net income of $925,000 for the current year.
Prepare the general journal entries to reflect the above transactions. If no entry is required type the date and then type No Entry.
A journal entry is the act of keeping or making records of any transactions either economic or non-economic. The journal entry is given below.
How to explain the entryLet's prepare the general journal entries for the given transactions:
Feb. 15:
Date: Feb. 15
Account Debit: Retained Earnings
Account Credit: Dividends Payable
Amount: $80,000 (80,000 shares x $1.00 per share)
No Entry
March 9:
Date: March 9
Account Debit: Dividends Payable
Account Credit: Cash
Amount: $80,000 (80,000 shares x $1.00 per share)
May 1:
Date: May 1
Account Debit: Treasury Stock
Account Credit: Cash
Amount: $350,000 (7,000 shares x $50 per share)
Sept 1:
Date: Sept 1
Account Debit: Retained Earnings
Account Credit: Dividends Payable
Amount: $80,000 (80,000 shares x $1.00 per share)
No Entry
Sept 24:
Date: Sept 24
Account Debit: Dividends Payable
Account Credit: Cash
Amount: $80,000 (80,000 shares x $1.00 per share)
Nov 1:
Date: Nov 1
Account Debit: Cash
Account Credit: Treasury Stock
Amount: $91,500 (1,500 shares x $61 per share)
Account Debit: Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par, Common Stock
Account Credit: Treasury Stock
Amount: $15,000 (1,500 shares x $10 par value)
No Entry
Dec. 31:
Date: Dec. 31
Account Debit: Retained Earnings
Account Credit: Income Summary
Amount: $925,000
Account Debit: Income Summary
Account Credit: Retained Earnings
Amount: $925,000
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Overview
To prepare for your report in Project Two, you must calculate the financial ratios needed to determine your chosen business’s current financial health. Once you have calculated these ratios, you will use the results to analyze the business’s current financial position. This will help you decide how to improve or maintain their financial health. Pay close attention to working capital management. If liquidity is an issue, consider how the company will meet its short-term obligations.
Financial ratios play a crucial role in assessing a business's current financial health and making informed decisions to improve or maintain it.
By calculating these ratios, you can gain valuable insights into various aspects of the company's financial position. It is essential to pay close attention to working capital management and consider strategies for meeting short-term obligations if liquidity becomes a concern.
In order to evaluate a business's financial health, several key financial ratios can be calculated. These ratios provide a snapshot of different aspects of the company's financial performance and position. Some commonly used ratios include liquidity ratios (such as the current ratio and quick ratio), profitability ratios (such as gross profit margin and net profit margin), and solvency ratios (such as debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio).
Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. The current ratio compares current assets to current liabilities, while the quick ratio considers only the most liquid assets. These ratios indicate whether the company has sufficient resources to cover its immediate financial obligations.
Working capital management is crucial for maintaining liquidity. By efficiently managing cash, inventory, and receivables, a company can improve its ability to meet short-term obligations. Strategies like optimizing inventory levels, implementing effective credit policies, and monitoring cash flow can contribute to better working capital management.
In conclusion, calculating financial ratios and analyzing a business's financial position is essential for making informed decisions to improve or maintain its financial health. Paying attention to working capital management is particularly important to ensure liquidity and meet short-term obligations. By using the results of these calculations, businesses can develop strategies to enhance their financial position and make sound financial decisions.
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A five-year credit default swap entered into on June 20, 2013, requires quarterly payments at the rate of 400 basis points per year. The principal is $100 million. A default occurs after four years and two months. The auction process finds the price of the cheapest deliverable bond to be 30% of its face value. List the cash flows and their timing for the seller of the credit default swap.
In a five-year credit default swap entered into on June 20, 2013, requires quarterly payments at the rate of 400 basis points per year. The principal is $100 million. A default occurs after four years and two month she cash flows and their timing for the seller of the credit default swap are as follows: End of Q1 to Q19: $1 million each quarter ,End of Q20: $1 million, Default date (August 20, 2017): $70 million.
To list the cash flows and their timing for the seller of the credit default swap, we need to consider the quarterly payments and the default event.
Given information:
Credit default swap term: Five years Start date: June 20, 2013 Payment frequency: Quarterly Payment rate: 400 basis points per year Principal: $100 million Default occurs after four years and two months Cheapest deliverable bond price: 30% of face valueFirst, let's determine the timing of the cash flows based on the payment frequency:
Cash flow at the end of each quarter:
Start date: June 20, 2013
End of Q1: September 20, 2013
End of Q2: December 20, 2013
End of Q3: March 20, 2014
...
End of Q19: March 20, 2018
End of Q20: June 20, 2018
Default occurs after four years and two months:
Default date: August 20, 2017 (four years and two months after the start date)
Now, let's calculate the cash flows for the seller of the credit default swap:
Regular quarterly payments:
Payment amount: (Payment rate / Payment frequency) * Principal
Payment amount = (400 basis points / 100 basis points) * ($100 million / 4)
Payment amount = $1 million
Cash flows for the regular quarterly payments (Q1 to Q20):
Cash flow = Payment amount
Cash flow timing:
End of Q1: $1 million
End of Q2: $1 million
End of Q3: $1 million
...
End of Q19: $1 million
End of Q20: $1 million
Cash flow for the default event:
Cash flow amount: Principal - (Cheapest deliverable bond price * Principal)
Cash flow amount = $100 million - (0.30 * $100 million)
Cash flow amount = $70 million
Cash flow timing:
Default date: $70 million (August 20, 2017)
Therefore, the cash flows and their timing for the seller of the credit default swap are as follows:
End of Q1 to Q19: $1 million each quarter
End of Q20: $1 million
Default date (August 20, 2017): $70 million
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Explain to a client why the rules governing the internal administration and management of their company are ‘replaceable
The rules governing the internal administration and management of a company are replaceable because they can be modified or updated to adapt to changing circumstances, meet the company's specific needs, and comply with legal requirements.
The rules governing the internal administration and management of a company, such as the bylaws or articles of association, are replaceable to ensure flexibility and adaptability. Companies operate in dynamic environments where business conditions, market trends, and regulatory requirements can change over time. As a result, it is important for companies to have the ability to modify their internal rules to effectively address these changes.
Replacing the rules governing internal administration and management allows companies to tailor their practices to suit their specific needs and goals. They can update procedures, decision-making processes, organizational structures, and other aspects to improve efficiency, enhance governance, and promote growth. This flexibility enables companies to respond to new challenges, seize opportunities, and align their operations with evolving industry standards or best practices.
Furthermore, legal requirements and regulations may also change over time. Replacing the internal rules allows the company to ensure compliance with updated laws and regulations, mitigating potential risks and maintaining good corporate governance practices. By having replaceable rules, companies can align their internal processes with legal requirements and demonstrate their commitment to transparency and accountability.
In conclusion, the replaceability of the rules governing the internal administration and management of a company provides the necessary flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances, meet specific needs, and comply with legal requirements.
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Which country linked its currency to the US dollar
at parity, resulting in a crisis as the
dollar appreciated against the rest of the world?
a.Mexico
b.Argentina
c.Thailand
Argentina is the country that linked its currency to the US dollar at parity and faced a crisis as the dollar appreciated against the rest of the world.So option b is correct.
In 1991, Argentina passed the Convertibility Law, which pegged the Argentine peso to the US dollar at a one-to-one exchange rate. This policy was initially successful in stabilizing the Argentine economy and reducing inflation. However, over time, the strong dollar made Argentine exports less competitive and contributed to a growing trade deficit. In 2001, Argentina defaulted on its foreign debt and the Convertibility Law was abandoned. The peso was devalued and the Argentine economy went into a deep recession.
The Convertibility Law was a controversial policy. Some economists argue that it was a necessary measure to stabilize the Argentine economy after years of hyperinflation. Others argue that it was a mistake to peg the peso to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate, and that this policy ultimately led to the Argentine financial crisis of 2001.
The Convertibility Law is an example of a currency peg. A currency peg is a policy in which a country fixes the exchange rate of its currency to another currency, such as the US dollar. Currency pegs can be used to stabilize the exchange rate and reduce inflation. However, they can also make it difficult for a country to adjust to changes in the global economy.
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text In which of the following scenarios would your auto insurance coverage be in effect? a. Insurance claims would be covered in all these scenarios. b. You drive your parents' car without permission and get in an accident. c. You have family protection coverage and are hit by an uninsured motorist. d. You take your damaged car straight to your friend's autobody repair shop for repair. Question 10 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text Your earnings for last year were $45,000. How much of an RRSP contribution can you make this year (if you have no other RRSP room)? a. $6075 b. $4500 c. Insufficient information d. $8100
In the first case, the effective rate of borrowing for Sarah would be 7.81%. In the second case, Jessie would be indifferent between the monthly payments and the lump sum at an effective annual interest rate of 7.3%. The correct option is b.
For the first case, to calculate the effective rate of borrowing for Sarah, we need to consider the advertised interest rate of 3.5% compounded monthly as well as the additional fees involved. The legal fee and appraisal fee are one-time costs and should be considered as part of the borrowing cost. Since the loan is compounded monthly, we can use the formula for the effective annual interest rate to calculate the total cost. The effective rate can be found using the formula: (1 + r/m)^m - 1, where r is the nominal rate and m is the compounding frequency. In this case, the nominal rate is 3.5% and the compounding frequency is 12. Adding the one-time fees to the total borrowing cost and calculating the effective rate yields 7.81%.
For the second case, Jessie has the option to receive $5150 at the end of each month for 25 years or a lump sum of $700,000. To determine the effective annual interest rate at which he would be indifferent between the two choices, we need to compare the present value of the monthly payments with the lump sum amount. The present value of the monthly payments can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity. By equating the present value of the monthly payments with the lump sum amount and solving for the interest rate, we find an effective annual interest rate of 7.3% at which Jessie would be indifferent between the two choices.
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la psychological safety among employees to engage conversation about performance? 5. How might the three forms of data collection be used together in the opening stages of a change process?
Three forms of data collection that can be used together in the opening stages of a change process are Quantitative data collection, Qualitative data collection, and Mixed-methods data collection.
Psychological safety among employees can enable the conversation about performance in the following ways: It can provide an environment where employees feel safe and can communicate their thoughts and ideas without fear of criticism or negative consequences. It promotes open communication and the exchange of feedback between employees and managers. It encourages individuals to take calculated risks, leading to innovation and growth. It supports accountability and ownership, where employees feel responsible for their work and are willing to take responsibility for their performance. Three forms of data collection that can be used together in the opening stages of a change process are
1. Quantitative data collection: The quantitative approach involves numerical data collection and analysis to understand the impact of change. For example, using surveys or questionnaires to measure employee satisfaction before and after implementing a change.
2. Qualitative data collection: This method focuses on gathering data in the form of words and descriptions to provide context and understanding. For instance, using interviews or focus groups to gather information about employees' perceptions and experiences.
3. Mixed-methods data collection: This method combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation. For instance, using surveys to collect numerical data and then following up with interviews to get a deeper understanding of the data collected. Mixed-methods data collection can be particularly useful in the opening stages of a change process. Quantitative data provides a broad overview of the situation, while qualitative data provides in-depth information about the experience of employees. Together, they provide a complete picture of the situation, enabling organizations to make informed decisions and implement successful changes.
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What is true of reach and frequency with a limited budget? a They are mutually exclusive objectives of an advertising campaign. b All of these c They are inversely related to one another. d Most plans eliminate waste coverage.
The correct option is d. Most plans eliminate waste coverage.
Reach and frequency are two important metrics in advertising campaigns that help measure the effectiveness and impact of the campaign. However, when operating with a limited budget, it becomes crucial to optimize the use of resources. In such cases, most plans aim to eliminate waste coverage.
Waste coverage refers to reaching individuals or audiences who are not part of the target market or who are unlikely to respond to the advertising message. This can result in inefficient allocation of resources and budget. Therefore, it is essential to focus on reaching the target audience effectively rather than wasting resources on irrelevant or non-responsive individuals.
By eliminating waste coverage, advertisers can allocate their limited budget more efficiently and maximize the impact of their advertising campaign. This involves identifying and targeting the most relevant and receptive audience segments to ensure better reach and frequency with the available resources.
When operating with a limited budget, most advertising plans aim to eliminate waste coverage, focusing on reaching the target audience effectively. This helps optimize resource allocation and maximize the impact of the advertising campaign.
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1 point Kelly Inc. purchased equipment for $420,000, the useful life of the equipment is 10 years and the residual value is $20,000. Kelly Inc. estimates that the equipment will run for 800,000 hours.
The depreciation expense that Kelly Inc. will record using the units of production method for year one is $ 10,000
We have the information available from the question is:
Kelly Inc. purchased equipment for $420,000,
and, the useful life of the equipment is 10 years and the residual value is $20,000.
The equipment will run for 800,000 hours.
We have to find the depreciation expense that Kelly Inc. will record using the units of production method for year one.
Now, According to the question:
We know that:
The formula of Total depreciation cost is:
Total depreciation cost = Initial cost - Residual value
Total depreciation cost = $420,000 - $20,000
Total depreciation cost = $400,000
Let's calculate the depreciation cost per hour:
Depreciation cost per hour = Total depreciation cost / Total estimated hours of use
Depreciation cost per hour = $400,000 / 800,000 hours
Depreciation cost per hour = $0.50
Calculate the depreciation expense for Year 1 by multiplying the depreciation cost per hour by the number of hours the equipment was used:
Depreciation expense for Year 1 = Depreciation cost per hour × Hours of use in Year 1
Depreciation expense for Year 1 = $0.50 × 20,000 hours
Depreciation expense for Year 1 = $10,000
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The given question is incomplete, complete question is:
Kelly Inc. purchased equipment for $420,000, the useful life of the equipment is 10 years and the residual value is $20,000. Kelly Inc. estimates that the equipment will run for 800,000 hours. In year 1, Kelly used the equipment for 20,000 hours. What is the depreciation expense that Kelly Inc. will record using the units of production method for year one?
Ellipse Bhd is a manufacturing company that produces several types of electrical products. a Recently, one of its products 'Keir' faced increasing price pressure from its competitors. This has forced the company to lower its selling price well below its target. However, the management observed that another of its product "Mour' can be sold at a slightly higher price than its target selling price The management is somewhat puzzled by the contrasting performance of "Keir' and 'Mour'. The management has turned up to you for assistance on this matter. As a start, you have decided to examine the company's overhead costing system. Your initial investigation revealed that the company is using direct labour hour as a basis to absorb its overhead costs. The rate of absorption is RM35 per hour. The following data was compiled for "Keir' and 'Mour': Direct labour hours per unit Production and sales volume Keir Mour 3 hours 1.5 hours 5,000 units 2,500 units Per unit: : Direct material cost Direct wages RM 40 15 RM 50 20 Selling price 205 280 After a detailed analysis, you have come up with four cost drivers related to the company's a overhead costs: Cost Pool Cost Driver Overhead Cost Driver (RM) Allocation Keir Mour Machine-related cost Machine hours 290,000 12.000 18.000 Set up cost Number of set ups 118,000 50 50 Quality control Number of inspections 246,000 1,000 1,500 Purchase order Number of purchase orders 330,000 750 450 Total 984,000 Required: b. Determine the profit per unit for both products using the Activity Based Costing system
Ellipse Bhd is incurring a loss of RM 57.86 per unit on Mour.
Profit per unit for both products using Activity Based Costing (ABC) system is given below. ABC costing will provide more precise results than traditional costing methods by reflecting overhead costs that are more connected to the production process. abc costing will enable a more appropriate and fairer allocation of overhead costs than traditional costing methods. The method of overhead allocation based on direct labor hours was found to be incorrect because Keir's overhead cost was overemphasized while Mour's overhead cost was underestimated. abc costing is an overhead cost accounting method that is more comprehensive than traditional overhead accounting methods, providing an accurate estimate of the total cost of production.
Here are the calculations for profit per unit: Profit per unit of Keir:
Direct material cost: RM 40
Direct wages: RM 15
Machine related cost: 3 × (12000 / 5000) × RM 290,000 = RM 207.60
Setup cost: 50 / 5000 × RM 118,000 = RM 1.18
Quality control cost: 1000 / 5000 × RM 246,000 = RM 49.20
Purchase order cost: 750 / 5000 × RM 330,000 = RM 49.50
Total cost per unit = RM 362.48
Selling price = RM 205
Profit per unit = Selling price - Total cost per unit = -RM 157.48
Therefore, Ellipse Bhd is incurring a loss of RM 157.48 per unit on Keir Profit per unit of Mour:
Direct material cost: RM 50
Direct wages: RM 20
Machine related cost: 1.5 × (18000 / 2500) × RM 290,000 = RM 58.50
Setup cost: 50 / 2500 × RM 118,000 = RM 2.36
Quality control cost: 1500 / 2500 × RM 246,000 = RM 147.60
Purchase order cost: 450 / 2500 × RM 330,000 = RM 59.40
Total cost per unit = RM 337.86 Selling price = RM 280
Profit per unit = Selling price - Total cost per unit = RM 280 - RM 337.86 = -RM 57.86.
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