Persian myths and legends

Answer:

The term 'mythology' comes from the Greek mythos (story-of-the-people) and logos (word or speech), meaning the spoken story of a people. Every civilization of the ancient world developed a belief system, which is characterized as 'mythology' in the present day but which, for them, was religious belief, and this was as true for ancient Persia as for any other. These systems only became designated as “mythological” after they had been replaced by others which, even so, continued to express the same values emphasizing the forces of good and order over those of evil and chaos.

Oral tradition was especially important and storytelling a central value in ancient Persian culture, and so the stories of the old continued to be told, and many of the deities, now reimagined, appear in the works of the oldest monotheistic religion, Zoroastrianism, which developed between c. 1500-1000 BCE. This faith developed from an earlier polytheistic system featuring a pantheon of gods, led by their king Ahura Mazda, who stood against the forces of the evil spirit Angra Mainyu. The prophet Zoroaster revised this earlier vision so that Ahura Mazda became the one true god while the most significant of the other deities became emanations and manifestations of his eternal goodness.

The stories which had once made up the religious understanding of the people now became fables – myths – which entertained while also encouraging the same cultural values they always had, only now in a monotheistic context. The god Mithra might still be invoked and his battle with the dragon Azhi Dahaka still be told, but it was understood that Mithra was now simply Ahura Mazda fighting the forces of evil.

Many of the other gods of the original Early Iranian Religion were forgotten, however, and are only known through brief reference in Zoroastrian scripture, religious literature, and the tales collected and written down in works such as the Shahnameh and One Thousand Nights and a Night. Since ancient Iran/Persia maintained an oral tradition until the Sassanian Period (224-651 CE), there is no ancient text along the lines of Hesiod’s Theogony or Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey (both c. 8th century BCE) describing and defining the old gods at the time they were being worshipped. Inscriptions found in the ruins of cities like Susa or at the great temple of Chogha Zanbil (also known as Dur Untush) provide only the most basic allusions to deities predating the development of Zoroastrianism.

The gods, creatures, and heroes who made up these early stories of ancient Persian mythology are therefore scattered amongst the various works of Zoroastrianism and later collections of myth and fable. A comprehensive list, or at least an attempt at one, should therefore prove useful to anyone interested in the subject of Persian mythology and religion specifically or the study of myth, folklore, and religion generally.

The following is a list of the various entities of pre-Zoroastrian Persia who appear in some of the most famous myths and legends. The list attempts to be complete but will omit some minor deities and even some heroes whose qualities are represented by others more famous. The list will also include religious concepts and places considered important in ancient Persian religion, such as the Chinvat Bridge which souls crossed from life to death or the House of Song, the Persian vision of paradise. The following are all drawn from the sources listed below in the bibliography.

Explanation:

Hostility towards immigrants by the native population is called:

A.nativism.

B.monopoly.

C.migration.

D.corporation.

HELP ON BOTH IM NOT SURE

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debt.

strength.

weakness.

performance.

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A He wished to discourage any more border states from leaving the Union and joining the Confederacy.
B He wished to frighten potential spies in the North as well as limit their numbers.
OC He wished to prevent Confederate sympathizers from leaving the Union or sabotaging the war effort.
D He wished to silence any opposition to the Civil War in the North by imprisoning the opponents.​

What was a major reason Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453?
A The city was betrayed after the army changed sides.
B.
The city was betrayed after its ruler accepted a bribe.
The city was weak after many years of constant attack.
D.
The city was weak after suffering an outbreak of plague.

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jeanine was selected to head the magazine committee​

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a.
Native American violence and resistance.
b.
Native American peace and acceptance.
c.
The success of San Sabá mission.
d.
The success of the San Xavier missions.
please help .w. I´m not smart-

ASAP* PLEASEEEE :(
•WHY IS THE VOYAGE INI
EUROPE AND THE OPENING OF THE
SUEZ CANAL CONTRIBUTORY IN THE
AWAKENING OF THE SPIRIT OF THE
FILIPINO NATIONALISM?​

How did the design of the Declaration of Independence help it to accomplish the goal of independence?

Individuals that stage a rebellion against authority are best described as a.colonists b.missionaries c.mutineers d.patriots

please help​

Which of the following were important developments that were part of the transportation revolution?

Check all of the boxes that apply.

the cotton gin

steam-powered vehicles

railroads

canals

how did justinian change the size of the Byzantine Empire ​

Which was true of the bubonic plague?

Please help me as soon as possible Thank You.

what are apart of the legislative branch

If a farmer gets 340 bushels of corn
from 2 acres of land, how many bushels
can they get from 15 acres?

If a new state joins the nation, the total number of senators in the senate will remain the same? True or false

1. Who did John Adams suggest should be the Commander of the Continental Army?

Which statement best describes the economy of ancient Egypt?
O Mining organizations controlled the economy with gold coins.
O The economy relied mostly on growing crops for food and goods.
O Merchants and business leaders were focused on building pyramids.
O Most people worked as hunters along the banks of the Nile River.

Why is Saul a significant leader in the history of the Hebrew people?
Saul was a Hebrew judge who helped rule the tribes.

Saul united the 12 Hebrew tribes into the Kingdom of Israel.

Saul was responsible for the construction of Israeli temples.

Saul led the Hebrew tribes out of the desert and into Canaan.

The map shows Canaan at the time of the ancient Hebrews.

A map titled Trade Routes in Ancient Israel. A key shows Land Trade Routes with a yellow line, Sea and River Trade Routes with a purple line, and Cities with a dot. Cities labeled are Babylon, Nineveh, Damascus, Jerusalem, Ture, Dor, Memphis. Seas labeled are Mediterranean Sea, Dead Sea, Sea of Galilee. Rivers labeled are Jordan River, Euphrates River, Tigris River, Nile River.

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Canaan was isolated from the region’s largest urban trade routes.
Canaan was located along the trade routes of the region’s major rivers.
Canaan was surrounded by mountains that made trade routes difficult to travel.
Canaan was located near waterways and routes that offered opportunities for trade.

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O B. It led to humans building permanent homes.
O C. It led to humans eating more varied diets.
D. It led to humans living in smaller villages.

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1 point
a Roman Catholic bishop, following the failure of the Crusade to capture Jerusalem.
a military leader of the Muslim forces that held Jerusalem.
a Templar crusader critical of his fellow soldiers.
a court official of the Byzantine empire living in Constantinople.

What was contained in the first part of Justinian's Code of Law, which is called the Codex?

a textbook for law students.
a collection of Roman laws created up to that point.
a collection of essays by legal experts.
a secret system for selecting members of a jury.
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pls help me out , ez question. What are 3 mvoies that represent the 1980's (this is a school project , dont give me inappropiate movies) horror movies is ok