Factors affecting the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) are - Controllable factors and UnControllable factors.
The following are the two factors affecting the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) which are controllable and uncontrollable by the firm:
Controllable factors:
a. Capital structure: This refers to the mix of a company's debt and equity financing. A company can control its capital structure by increasing or decreasing the amount of debt or equity it uses to finance its operations.
b. Dividend policy: A company can determine how much it pays out in dividends to its shareholders or if it pays any dividends at all. The dividend policy adopted by a firm will impact the amount of money retained by the company and the amount paid out to shareholders.
Uncontrollable factors:
a. Market conditions: Interest rates, tax policies, and market competition are all market factors that can affect the WACC of a firm. These factors are outside the control of a company.
b. Inflation: Inflation has a direct impact on a company's cash flow. Inflation will impact the cost of capital, particularly for long-term projects, and companies have no control over it.
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You have seen an invitation to bid for a large hotel/spa and have deter- mined that you will try and get the job. There are two things that concern you about your ability to put together an accurate cost estimate that will get you the job and still be profitable: 1) the owner wants the facility to open for the following Christmas holiday, which will require a tight sched- ule; and 2) you've never worked with the architect. Discuss why you think these might impact your cost estimate.
The schedule constraint may require accelerated timelines and potentially increase costs for expedited resources and labor. Lack of familiarity with the architect can lead to miscommunications, misunderstandings, and potential delays in project coordination and decision-making, which can affect cost estimation accuracy.
The tight schedule for completing the project by the following Christmas holiday can pose challenges in terms of resource allocation and availability. Contractors and subcontractors may need to work overtime or hire an additional workforce to meet the accelerated timelines, which can impact labor costs and productivity. It can also limit the time available for thorough planning and estimation, potentially resulting in overlooked costs or underestimation. Lack of prior experience working with the architect introduces uncertainties in understanding their design preferences, communication style, and coordination methods. Misinterpretations or delays in obtaining necessary information can lead to errors or inefficiencies in cost estimation, affecting the accuracy of the bid. To mitigate these concerns, it would be important to proactively communicate and collaborate closely with the architect, establish clear project milestones, and allocate sufficient time for thorough cost estimation and risk assessment.
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Discuss the key components of a quality management system to be
considered at a project launch meeting to be held by a main
contractor.
At a project launch meeting, a main contractor should consider the key components of a quality management system to ensure the successful implementation of the project.
Quality Policy: Establish a clear and concise quality policy that outlines the organization's commitment to delivering a high standard of quality in all project activities. The policy should align with the project's objectives and reflect the contractor's commitment to meeting client requirements. Quality Objectives: Define measurable quality objectives that support the overall project goals. These objectives should be specific, achievable, and aligned with the project's scope, schedule, and budget.
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Louis Florence is the sole owner of Vision Management. He can sell or transfer his ownership to another person without affecting the operations of the business. What is the type of business organization of Vision Management?
Vision Management is an example of a Sole Proprietorship. If the owner dies or is incapacitated, the business will come to an end unless there is a plan in place to transfer the business ownership to someone else.
Louis Florence, the sole proprietor, is the sole owner of Vision Management. A sole proprietorship is a type of business entity that is owned and operated by a single person who has complete control over the company's activities. It is the most straightforward business organization in which the owner is in complete charge of the company's operations.Sole proprietorships are the simplest and most common type of business organization.
Louis Florence is the sole owner of Vision Management. Since Louis Florence is the sole owner of Vision Management and has complete control over the company's activities, it is classified as a sole proprietorship. A sole proprietorship is the simplest and most common form of business organization in which a single individual owns and operates the company. This type of business entity does not have a separate legal personality, which means that the owner is responsible for all aspects of the company.A sole proprietorship's owner is solely responsible for the business's financial and legal obligations. The primary benefit of a sole proprietorship is that the owner has complete control over the company's operations. The primary drawback of a sole proprietorship is that the owner is personally liable for the company's debts and obligations.
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In detailed paragraphs:
Whats the importance of the setting in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart"?
Also show a thoughtful analysis of one or more of the works of literature studied so far this semester and engage in critical thinking on the topic.
With your own words
The list of works of literature to answer above:
- "The Cranes"
- "Young Goodman Brown"
- "The ugly Duckling"
- "Hills like White Elephants"
- "The Oval Portrait"
- "Beata Beatrix"
- "Rumpelstiltskin"
- "Eleonora"
- "A rose for Emily"
- "A sorrowful woman"
- "The yellow Wallpaper"
Cite any sources used
In "The Tell-Tale Heart," an unidentified narrator kills an elderly man. The narrator asserts his or her sanity right away in the opening of the story. However, it quickly becomes clear that the narrator is insane and is intent on killing an elderly guy.
In his narrative "The Tell-Tale Heart," Edgar Allen Poe employs the literary element "setting" to establish a menacing mood. About 5 settings are used throughout the narrative. Three of them—Mood and Atmosphere, the Time of Day, and Elapsed Time that are often employed, although Location and Population are less frequently used. They greatly aid the plot by adding a creepy element.
The lighting in this story is used largely to create mood and atmosphere. This is demonstrated by the fact that the Old Man cannot see what the Madman is doing while his lamp is shrouded in black. The Old Man's room is frightening when The Madman enters since it is completely dark at night in the story. The Madman also conceals himself next to Deathwatches, a beetle that symbolizes death.
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Imagine that you are proposed to conduct a focus group about the ""consumer evaluation of automobile industry in Azerbaijan"". Please explain how you will do it. Use focus group process to answer the question
As a researcher, conducting a focus group is essential to understand the consumer evaluation of the automobile industry in Azerbaijan. The focus group process has several stages.
They are explained below:
1. Planning and Preparation: At this stage, the researcher should develop a plan of action and prepare for the focus group. The plan should include research questions, an outline of the discussion topics, the selection criteria of participants, the number of participants, and the timing and location of the focus group.
2. Recruiting Participants: After planning, the researcher should select and recruit participants that fit the selection criteria. Participants should be representatives of the target audience. They should have an interest and knowledge of the topic to have a productive discussion.
3. Conducting the Focus Group: At this stage, the researcher will conduct the focus group discussion, usually in a comfortable and neutral location. During the discussion, the researcher should facilitate the discussion, ensuring that the group stays on the topic. The researcher should also ask open-ended questions and encourage participants to share their opinions and experiences.
4. Analysis of Data: After completing the focus group discussion, the researcher should analyze the data collected. The data is usually recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The researcher should use the results to identify the patterns, themes, and opinions that emerged from the discussion.
5. Reporting Results: The researcher should report the findings of the focus group research. The report should include the study's objectives, the methods used, the data collected, and the results of the analysis.
In conclusion, conducting a focus group is an effective way to understand the consumer evaluation of the automobile industry in Azerbaijan. Researchers should follow the focus group process to ensure a successful discussion and analysis of data.
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If a put option is exercised, the writer of the option will ____ the underlying asset at the ____.
a.
buy; put premium
b.
buy; strike price
c.
sell; stock market price
d.
sell; strike price
e.
buy; stock market price
If a put option is exercised, the writer of the option will sell the underlying asset at the strike price.
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price on or before the expiration date of the option. The holder of a put option expects the price of the underlying asset to decrease so that they can profit from selling it at a higher price.The writer of a put option has the obligation to purchase the underlying asset from the holder at the strike price if the holder decides to exercise the option.
Therefore, if a put option is exercised, the writer of the option will sell the underlying asset at the strike price. So, the correct option is d. sell; strike price.
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Which of the following is a potential limitation when an organization practises promotion from within? Select one: O a. increased employee turnover O b. increased cost-per-hire by using the firm's job posting system O c. reduced employee morale O d. "inbreeding"
When an organization practices promotion from within, "inbreeding" is a possible limitation. Organizations can turn to internal candidates for job openings in promotion from within.
It means that the individuals in the organization are groomed for higher-level positions. It helps to boost employee morale and reduce employee turnover rates. However, internal promotions can lead to the issue of inbreeding. Inbreeding refers to the fact that hiring a person from within can stifle diversity. It implies that an organization may not recruit new perspectives or strategies. It can lead to a narrow-minded and homogenous leadership group.The drawback of hiring from within is that the organization misses out on the opportunity to bring new concepts and innovative ideas from the external market. Therefore, organizations must use an equal mix of internal and external recruitment and development to maintain diversity and reduce inbreeding in its leadership.
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You are selected to be part of the team in the Raju’s Hill Strawberry Farm located in Cameron Highlands.
Examine the logistics activities throughout the supply chain from raw materials to end user.
Logistics activities in the supply chain at Raju's Hill Strawberry Farm involve sourcing raw materials (seeds, fertilizers), managing transportation (trucks), storage (refrigerated facilities), and distribution (retailers) to ensure fresh strawberries reach end users efficiently.
At Raju's Hill Strawberry Farm, the logistics activities span from sourcing raw materials such as high-quality strawberry seeds and fertilizers to the final delivery of fresh strawberries to end users. The farm manages transportation through trucks, ensuring the strawberries are carefully transported from the farm to the storage facilities. These facilities include refrigerated units that maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels to preserve the strawberries' freshness. The farm also coordinates with various retailers and distributors to ensure timely and efficient distribution, allowing customers to enjoy the farm's strawberries at their best.
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BNR Ltd is a listed company with 500,000 shares currently trading at $20 on the ASX. The company announces a one-for-five renounceable rights issue with a subscription price of $19.00.
(a) How many new shares will be issued if the right is fully subscribed to. (b) Calculate the theoretical ex-rights share price. (c) Calculate value of the right.
BNR Ltd, a listed company, has announced a one-for-five renounceable rights issue with a subscription price of $19. This prompts three calculations: (a) determining the number of new shares to be issued if the right is fully subscribed to.
(a) To calculate the number of new shares that will be issued if the right is fully subscribed to, we need to divide the total number of existing shares by the subscription ratio. In this case, the existing number of shares is 500,000 and the subscription ratio is one-for-five. So, the calculation would be: 500,000 / 5 = 100,000 new shares will be issued.
(b) The theoretical ex-rights share price is the expected price of the company's shares after the rights issue. To calculate this, we need to determine the theoretical market value of the company before and after the rights issue.
Before the rights issue, the market value is calculated by multiplying the current share price by the total number of existing shares: $20 * 500,000 = $10,000,000.
After the rights issue, the market value is the sum of the market value of the existing shares and the market value of the new shares. The market value of the existing shares is calculated by multiplying the current share price by the total number of existing shares: $20 * 500,000 = $10,000,000. The market value of the new shares is calculated by multiplying the subscription price by the number of new shares: $19 * 100,000 = $1,900,000.
The total market value after the rights issue is the sum of the market value of the existing shares and the market value of the new shares: $10,000,000 + $1,900,000 = $11,900,000.
To calculate the theoretical ex-rights share price, we divide the total market value after the rights issue by the total number of shares after the rights issue: $11,900,000 / (500,000 + 100,000) = $19.
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Foreign trade zones are: a areas where domestic firms are not allowed to operate. b not used by large multinational companies. c areas that have access to water or marine transportation services. d areas in a country that have special tariff status.
Foreign trade zones (FTZs) are designated areas within a country that have special tariff status. Thus, option (d) is correct.
Foreign trade zones (FTZs) are designated areas within a country that have special tariff status. They are not areas where domestic firms are prohibited from operating but rather locations where businesses can enjoy certain benefits related to international trade. These zones are utilized by both small and large multinational companies as they offer advantages such as reduced or eliminated customs duties, streamlined customs procedures, and increased flexibility in managing inventory.
FTZs are established to encourage economic growth, attract foreign investment, and stimulate international trade. They are typically located in or near ports, airports, or other transportation hubs to facilitate access to water or marine transportation services. By providing a favorable environment for trade, FTZs promote competitiveness and encourage businesses to engage in global commerce. They serve as strategic zones that enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of import-export activities, making them an integral part of many countries' economic development strategies.
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Which law prohibits harmful practices in the production of beef meant for human consumption?
A. Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
B. Child Protection and Toy Safety Act
C. Federal Trade Commission Act
D. Food and Drug Act
E. Prescription Drug Marketing Act
The law that specifically prohibits harmful practices in the production of beef meant for human consumption is the Food and Drug Act.
The law that prohibits harmful practices in the production of beef meant for human consumption is the Food and Drug Act.
The Food and Drug Act is a federal law in the United States that regulates the safety and labeling of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices. It is enforced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and sets standards for the production, handling, and distribution of food products to ensure their safety for human consumption.
While the other options mentioned have their own significance in consumer protection and regulation, they are not specifically related to the production of beef meant for human consumption:
A. Fair Packaging and Labeling Act: This law requires proper labeling and packaging of consumer products to provide accurate information to consumers.
B. Child Protection and Toy Safety Act: This law focuses on the safety standards and regulations for children's products and toys.
C. Federal Trade Commission Act: This law establishes the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and addresses unfair and deceptive trade practices in commerce.
E. Prescription Drug Marketing Act: This law regulates the distribution and marketing of prescription drugs to ensure their safety and prevent counterfeit or illegal distribution.
This law sets standards and regulations to ensure the safety and labeling of food products, including beef, in the United States.
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Question 1
Calculate the correlation between the two markets. Suppose you combine $500,000 invested in each market to construct a portfolio MF of $1 million invested equally in the two markets. Based on your calculations, which of the following is true?
A. VaR(MF) = VaR(Monetaria) + VaR(Fiscalia)
B. VaR(MF) < VaR(Monetaria) + VaR(Fiscalia)
C. VaR(MF) > VaR(Monetaria) + VaR(Fiscalia)
D. Depending on market conditions, VaR(MF) can be =, > or < the sum of the individual VaRs.
The correlation between the two markets is r, where r represents the correlation coefficient.
To determine the correlation coefficient, we need data on the returns of the two markets. By calculating the covariance between the returns and dividing it by the product of their individual standard deviations, we obtain the correlation coefficient.
Once we have the correlation coefficient, we can analyze the relationship between the two markets and the resulting portfolio. In this case, the portfolio "MF" is constructed by combining $500,000 invested in each market, resulting in a total investment of $1 million.
Based on the correlation coefficient and the portfolio allocation, we can evaluate the impact on the Value at Risk (VaR) of the combined portfolio. The relationship between the VaR of the combined portfolio and the sum of the individual VaRs depends on the correlation coefficient and the diversification effect.
If the correlation coefficient is less than 1, the combined VaR (VaR(MF)) will be less than the sum of the individual VaRs (VaR(Monetaria) + VaR(Fiscalia)). This implies that diversification benefits the portfolio by reducing the overall risk.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. VaR(MF) < VaR(Monetaria) + VaR(Fiscalia), indicating that the VaR of the combined portfolio is less than the sum of the individual VaRs.
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business plan of Nanostar Technologies inc
Create a distribution channel for the business
Do you agree on the strategy in the paper? If no what strategies can you recommend for the business? If you agree why?
Yes, I agree with the strategy outlined in the paper for creating a distribution channel for the business.
The strategy outlined in the paper suggests a multi-channel distribution approach, utilizing both online and offline channels to reach a wider customer base and maximize sales potential. This approach is supported by the following reasons:
Online presence: Establishing an online distribution channel allows the business to tap into the growing trend of e-commerce and reach customers who prefer to shop online. This can be achieved through the development of a user-friendly website or an online marketplace presence.
Offline presence: Maintaining a physical presence through brick-and-mortar stores or partnerships with existing retailers enables the business to connect with customers who prefer in-person shopping experiences or have limited access to online platforms. This approach helps to build trust and credibility.
Omnichannel integration: Integrating the online and offline channels allows for a seamless shopping experience for customers. For example, customers can order products online and choose to either have them delivered or pick them up in-store. This integration enhances convenience and customer satisfaction.
Targeted marketing: By utilizing both online and offline channels, the business can employ targeted marketing strategies. Online channels provide opportunities for digital marketing, such as social media advertising and email campaigns, while offline channels allow for localized marketing efforts, such as flyers and local event sponsorships.
The multi-channel distribution strategy outlined in the paper is a sound approach for the business. It leverages the advantages of both online and offline channels, allowing the business to reach a wider customer base, provide a seamless shopping experience, and implement targeted marketing strategies. By embracing this strategy, the business can maximize its sales potential and adapt to the evolving consumer preferences in the marketplace.
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Swanson, Inc. bonds have a 12% coupon rate with semi-annual coupon payments. They have 15 years to maturity and a par value of $1,000. Your required rate of return is 14%. Suppose you decide to buy the bond, and immediately afterwards interest rates increase by 1.0%. How much value has the bond gained or lost? (Hint: find the price of the bond before and after the change in interest rates.)
a. Loss of $42.36
b. Gain of $42.36
c. Loss of $53.07
d. Gain of $53.07
The bond has gained $42.36 in value after the interest rates increased by 1.0%. Therefore, the correct option is B.
The price of a bond is calculated using the formula:
PV = C[1/r − 1/r(1 + r)^t] + FV/(1 + r)^t
PV = Present Value, C = Coupon payment, r = Required rate of return, FV = Face Value or par value, T = Time or maturity period of the bond.
Given that the bond has a coupon rate of 12%, semi-annual coupon payments, 15 years to maturity, and a par value of $1,000. The required rate of return is 14%.
To calculate the bond price before the change in interest rates, we use the above formula.
PV = 60[1/0.07 − 1/0.07(1 + 0.07)^30] + 1000/(1 + 0.07)^30= $911.92
Now, to calculate the bond price after the change in interest rates, we will increase the required rate of return by 1.0% to 15%.
PV = 60[1/0.075 − 1/0.075(1 + 0.075)^30] + 1000/(1 + 0.075)^30= $869.56
Change in Bond Value = Price Before - Price After= $911.92 - $869.56= $42.36
Therefore, the bond has gained $42.36 in value. The correct answer is B: Gain of $42.36.
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A balance sheet represents the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a company at a given point in time. True/False
True. A balance sheet is a financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, typically at the end of an accounting period.
It presents the company's assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. Assets represent the resources owned by the company, such as cash, inventory, property, and equipment. Liabilities are the company's obligations or debts, including loans, accounts payable, and accrued expenses.
Owner's equity, also known as shareholders' equity or net worth, represents the residual interest in the company's assets after deducting liabilities. It reflects the owner's investment and retained earnings. By presenting the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity, the balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financial health and the relationship between its resources and obligations.
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The value which an owner has in his home over and above the debts against it is called his A. redemption. B. freehold C. equity. D. loan to debt value
The value which an owner has in his home over and above the debts against it is called his : C. equity.
What is equity?
When discussing homeownership the term equity refers to the worth or ownership interest that a homeowner has in their property, excluding any loans or other obligations secured by it.
It stands for the gap between the property's market value and any loans or obligations that are secured by it.
Therefore the amount of the home's worth that the owner actually owns outright.
Therefore the correct option is C.
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QUESTION 6 Geneva Re, company has an ROE of 36%, an equity multiplier of 1.2 and a total asset turnover of 0.54. Using the following information calculate the company's profit margin.
O a. 55.56%
O b. 23.12%
O c. 8.90%
O d. 72.38%
The profit margin for Geneva Re, given an ROE of 36%, an equity multiplier of 1.2, and a total asset turnover of 0.54, is 8.90%.
The profit margin is a financial ratio that indicates the percentage of each dollar of revenue that results in profit. It is calculated by dividing the net income by the net sales (revenue).
To calculate the profit margin, we can use the DuPont formula, which decomposes the return on equity (ROE) into its components: profit margin, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier.
The formula for ROE is ROE = Profit Margin x Total Asset Turnover x Equity Multiplier.
Given that the ROE is 36% and the equity multiplier is 1.2, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the profit margin.
Profit Margin = ROE / (Total Asset Turnover x Equity Multiplier).
Substituting the given values, we have Profit Margin = 36% / (0.54 x 1.2).
Calculating this, we find that the profit margin is approximately 8.90%, which corresponds to option c. Therefore, Geneva Re's profit margin is 8.90%.
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The stock of Microsoft Corp. traded for $280.35 with current dividend of $2.19 per share, growth rate of 5%, and P/E of 30.76. The stock beta is 0.91, the risk-free rate is 1.7% and the S&P500 index return is 6.5%.
REQUIRED
a. Calculate the required return for the stock according to CAPM.
b. Use the dividend discount model to value the stock. What is the purpose of stock valuation?
c. Calculate the implied expected return. What does this imply for stock valuation?
d. Due to sharp competition in the computer industry, the market revised the estimate of the growth rate to 4%. What should be the effect on the stock price?
a. the required return for the stock according to CAPM is 6.068%
b.The purpose of stock valuation using the dividend discount model (DDM) is to estimate the intrinsic value of a stock based on its future dividend payments.
c. the implied expected return. What does this imply for stock valuation is 5.78%.
d. since the specific time frame for the expected dividends is not provided, we cannot determine the exact impact on the stock price without more information.
a. To calculate the required return for the stock according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we use the formula:
Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
Given:
Risk-Free Rate = 1.7%
Beta = 0.91
Market Return (S&P500 index return) = 6.5%
Required Return = 1.7% + 0.91 * (6.5% - 1.7%)
Required Return = 1.7% + 0.91 * 4.8%
Required Return = 1.7% + 4.368%
Required Return = 6.068%
Therefore, the required return for the stock according to CAPM is 6.068%.
b. The purpose of stock valuation using the dividend discount model (DDM) is to estimate the intrinsic value of a stock based on its future dividend payments. The DDM assumes that the value of a stock is the present value of all its expected future dividends. By discounting the expected dividends back to the present using an appropriate discount rate, the DDM provides an estimate of the fair value of a stock.
c. To calculate the implied expected return using the dividend discount model (DDM), we use the formula:
Implied Expected Return = Dividend / Stock Price + Growth Rate
Given:
Dividend = $2.19 per share
Stock Price = $280.35
Growth Rate = 5%
Implied Expected Return = $2.19 / $280.35 + 5%
Implied Expected Return = 0.0078 + 0.05
Implied Expected Return = 0.0578 or 5.78%
The implied expected return for the stock is 5.78%. This implies that, based on the current stock price and dividend, investors would expect an annual return of 5.78% from holding the stock.
d. If the market revises the estimate of the growth rate to 4%, it would affect the stock price. In the dividend discount model (DDM), the stock price is directly influenced by the growth rate. A higher growth rate generally leads to a higher stock price, assuming all other factors remain constant.
In this case, if the growth rate is revised down to 4%, it would imply a lower expected future dividend growth for Microsoft. As a result, the stock price would likely decrease since the DDM values future dividends less when the growth rate is lower.
To calculate the new stock price, we need to recalculate the present value of expected future dividends using the revised growth rate. However, since the specific time frame for the expected dividends is not provided, we cannot determine the exact impact on the stock price without more information.
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Munson? Manufacturing, in? Gainesville, Florida, wants to arrange its four work centers so as to minimize interdepartmental parts handling costs. The flows and existing facility layout are shown in the figures below.
The current layout has a movement cost of 2,935 feet. To improve it, Upper C should be placed between A and D, forming the configuration A - C - D. The distance for this improved layout can be calculated based on the distances between A and C, and C and D.
a) For the existing layout, the cumulative "load times x distance" or "movement cost" equals 2,935 feet. This is calculated by summing up the product of the flow values and the respective distances between the work centers, as shown in Figure 1.
b) Based on the flows shown in the matrix, one should expect that the centers A and Upper C will be next to each other as they have the highest number of moves between each other (600 moves).
c) Based on the flows shown in the matrix, one should expect that the centers C and Upper A will be next to each other as they have the second highest number of moves between each other (450 moves).
d) To improve the layout and reduce the total movement cost, the work center that should be located between A and D is Upper C. This configuration would result in the following layout: A - C - D.
The cumulative distance based on the overall movement of parts between work centers for this layout would need to be calculated based on the distances between A and C, and C and D.
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Complete Question:
Munson Manufacturing, in Gainesville, Florida, wants to arrange its four work centers so as to minimize interdepartmental parts handling costs.
The flows and existing facility layout are shown in the table below.
Figure 1: Parts moved between work centers
Upper A Upper B Upper C Upper D
Upper A - 450 600 60
Upper B 325 - 200 0
Upper C 0 0 750
Upper D 0 0 0 -
Figure 2: Existing layout.
A B C D
30' 30' 30'
a) For the existing? layout, the cumulative "load times x distance" or "movement cost" equals _____ feet.
b) Based on the flows showns in the matrix, one should expect that the centers A and _____ will be next to each other as they have the highest number of moves between each other.
c) Based on the flows shown in the matrix, one should expect that the centers C and _____ will be next to each other as they have the second highest number of moves between each other.
d)The aim is to improve the layout so that the total "movement cost" can be reduced. Functional locations from A and D have been fixed. In the improved layout work center should be located between them is:
__ A __ D
30' 30' 30'
The cumulative distance based on the overall movement of parts on the overall movement of parts between work centers for this layout = _____ feet.
4. Examine THREE (3) advantages of Internet retailer such as
Shopee, Lazada, Amazon
& E-bay towards digital society. (answer should be maximum 200
word)
The advantage of internet retailers towards digital society is that these retailers have a significant impact on digital society. These impacts can be summarized into three main advantages:
1. Convenience: Internet retailers are available 24/7, and people can shop from the comfort of their own homes. They can save time and money by not having to travel to the store. They also have access to a broader range of products, which may not be available in traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
2. Competitive Pricing: Internet retailers such as Shopee, Lazada, Amazon, and E-bay offer lower prices than traditional brick-and-mortar stores. These retailers do not have the overhead costs of maintaining physical stores, and they can pass these savings on to consumers.
3. Technology Advancements: Internet retailers use technology to enhance the shopping experience for customers. They have developed advanced algorithms that personalize shopping experiences and make recommendations based on past purchases. They also use big data to analyze consumer behavior and offer targeted advertising.
Internet retailers have revolutionized the way people shop, and they have become an integral part of the digital society. The first advantage of internet retailers is convenience. Customers can shop anytime, anywhere, without having to visit a physical store. They can compare prices, read reviews, and purchase products with just a few clicks.
Secondly, internet retailers offer competitive pricing. By eliminating the need for a physical store, these retailers can keep overhead costs low, which translates into lower prices for customers. The third advantage of internet retailers is technology advancements. These retailers use advanced algorithms and big data analytics to personalize the shopping experience for customers.
In conclusion, internet retailers have had a significant impact on the digital society. They have made shopping more convenient, offered competitive pricing, and used technology to enhance the shopping experience for customers.
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This is an Assignment it has to be very long and detailed !
Define the five Process groups and explain what Knowledge areas apply to each process group. Discuss a typical project and apply the five process areas to a project. The project can be a past or current work project or a project that you discovered from your research. Be specific and include our text and additional references other than the text to support your views.
The five process groups in project management are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing. Each process group involves specific activities and knowledge areas.
It includes activities such as project charter development, stakeholder identification, and initial scope definition. The knowledge areas that apply to the initiating process group are Integration Management, Stakeholder Management, and Scope Management.
2. Planning Process Group: This group involves the processes required to establish the scope, define the objectives, and develop the course of action to achieve the project goals. It includes activities such as developing the project management plan, defining project activities, estimating resources, and creating a schedule. The knowledge areas that apply to the planning process group are Integration Management, Scope Management, Time Management, Cost Management, Quality Management, Human Resource Management, Communications Management, Risk Management, and Procurement Management.
3. Executing Process Group: This group involves the processes required to complete the work defined in the project management plan and effectively manage project resources. It includes activities such as performing project activities, managing stakeholders, and ensuring project quality. The knowledge areas that apply to the executing process group are Integration Management, Scope Management, Time Management, Cost Management, Quality Management, Human Resource Management, Communications Management, Risk Management, and Procurement Management.
4. Monitoring and Controlling Process Group: This group involves the processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. It includes activities such as monitoring project activities, managing changes, and controlling project risks. The knowledge areas that apply to the monitoring and controlling process group are Integration Management, Scope Management, Time Management, Cost Management, Quality Management, Human Resource Management, Communications Management, Risk Management, and Procurement Management.
5. Closing Process Group: This group involves the processes required to finalize all activities across all process groups to formally close the project or phase. It includes activities such as obtaining final acceptance, archiving project records, and documenting lessons learned. The knowledge areas that apply to the closing process group are Integration Management, Scope Management, and Procurement Management.
Applying these process groups to a typical project, let's consider the construction of a new office building. In the initiating process group, the project charter would be developed, stakeholders would be identified, and the initial scope of the project would be defined. During the planning process group, the project management plan would be created, project activities would be defined, and resources would be estimated. The executing process group would involve the actual construction work, managing the project team, and ensuring quality control. The monitoring and controlling process group would involve tracking the progress of construction, managing any changes or risks, and ensuring that the project stays on schedule and within budget. Finally, in the closing process group, the project would be formally closed, final acceptance would be obtained, and project records would be archived.
References:- Project Management Institute. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition. Project Management
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Chapter 5: The Voice of the Customer Discussion questions- 7- Gap analysis is used to identify gaps between what the customer expects and what is delivered by a firm. Do you think that the use of gap analysis is a positive or negative thing for a firm? Explain your answer.
Gap analysis can be positive for a firm as it helps identify discrepancies between customer expectations and what is delivered, leading to improved customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, it should be complemented with qualitative research and effective implementation strategies to avoid over-reliance on data and implementation challenges.
The use of gap analysis can be a positive thing for a firm if utilized effectively. Gap analysis helps identify discrepancies between customer expectations and what is actually delivered by a company, highlighting areas for improvement and potential competitive advantages.
By understanding customer expectations, firms can align their strategies and operations accordingly, improving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Positive outcomes of utilizing gap analysis include:
1. Customer-centric approach: Gap analysis encourages a customer-centric mindset by prioritizing customer needs and preferences. It enables firms to gain valuable insights into customer expectations and design their products, services, and experiences accordingly.
2. Competitive advantage: By addressing the identified gaps, firms can differentiate themselves from competitors and create a unique value proposition. Focusing on exceeding customer expectations can lead to a stronger market position and increased customer loyalty.
3. Continuous improvement: Gap analysis acts as a feedback mechanism, driving continuous improvement within the organization. It helps identify specific areas that require attention and provides a basis for setting goals and metrics to track progress.
However, the use of gap analysis can also have negative implications for a firm if not approached correctly:
1. Over-reliance on data: Relying solely on quantitative data from gap analysis may overlook qualitative aspects of customer experience. It is crucial to complement data-driven insights with qualitative research and feedback from customers to gain a holistic understanding.
2. Implementation challenges: Identifying gaps is just the first step; bridging them requires effective implementation strategies. Failure to address the identified gaps or implement appropriate changes can lead to frustration among customers and negative brand perception.
In conclusion, the use of gap analysis can be positive for a firm when used as a tool to understand and improve customer satisfaction. It enables companies to align their offerings with customer expectations, gain a competitive advantage, and drive continuous improvement.
However, it is essential to consider the limitations and challenges associated with its implementation to ensure the best outcomes for the firm and its customers.
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Which of the following is an example of an expansionary monetary policy? a An increase in the required reserve ratio. b A decrease in the Fed funds rate. c An increase in the discount rate. d An open market sale of U.S. government securities.
An example of an expansionary monetary policy is b) a decrease in the Fed funds rate.
An expansionary monetary policy is implemented by the central bank to stimulate economic growth and increase the money supply. Among the given options, a decrease in the Fed funds rate represents an expansionary policy. When the Federal Reserve lowers the Fed funds rate, it encourages banks to borrow at a lower cost, leading to increased lending activity.
This, in turn, stimulates investment and consumer spending, promoting economic growth. The lower interest rates make it more attractive for businesses and individuals to borrow, thus stimulating economic activity and boosting the money supply in the economy. Therefore, option b) is the correct choice for an expansionary monetary policy.
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Question 17:) The dean of the University of Scranton, PA of Business must plan the school's course offerings for the fall semester. Student demands make it necessary to offer at least 30 undergraduate and 25 graduate courses in the term. Faculty contracts also dictate that at least 60 courses be offered in total. Each undergraduate course taught costs the college an average of $2,500 in faculty wages, and each graduate course costs $3,000. (Hint: 3 constraints) a) State problem mathematically (Formulate) and identify constraints. b) How many undergraduate and graduate courses should be taught in the fall so that total faculty salaries are kept to a minimum? c) Explain dual meaning for undergraduate, Graduate students and total
a. The problem can be formulated with mathematical expression as Minimize:2500x+3000y.
Subject to:
x + y ≥ 60 (total number of courses)
x ≥ 30 (minimum number of undergraduate courses)
y ≥ 25 (minimum number of graduate courses)
b.30 undergraduate courses and 30 graduate courses to keep total faculty salaries to a minimum.
c. The terms "undergraduate" and "graduate" refer to the levels of education that students have attained. Undergraduate students are those who are pursuing their first degree, graduate students are those who pursuing a higher degree (e.g., a master's or doctoral degree).The term "total" refers to the combined number of undergraduate and graduate courses offered.
b) To find the minimum total faculty salaries, we need to solve the above optimization problem. Using the constraints, we can rewrite the problem as:
Minimize: 2500x + 3000y
Subject to:
y ≥ 60 - x
x ≥ 30
Graphing the feasible region, we find that the minimum occurs at the intersection of the two lines x = 30 and y = 30, where x = 30 and y = 30. Therefore, the dean should offer 30 undergraduate courses and 30 graduate courses to keep total faculty salaries to a minimum.
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We have formulated the problem mathematically with the objective and constraints stated. The objective is to minimize the cost of faculty wages while satisfying the constraints of student demand, faculty contracts, and the total course requirement.
To formulate the problem mathematically, let's define the variables:
U = Number of undergraduate courses offered in the fall semester.
G = Number of graduate courses offered in the fall semester.
Now, let's state the objective and constraints:
Objective: The objective is to minimize the cost of faculty wages for the courses offered in the fall semester.
Constraints:
Student Demand Constraint: At least 30 undergraduate courses and 25 graduate courses must be offered.
U ≥ 30 (Minimum undergraduate course requirement)
G ≥ 25 (Minimum graduate course requirement)
Faculty Contract Constraint: At least 60 courses in total must be offered.
U + G ≥ 60 (Total course requirement)
Cost Constraint: The total cost of faculty wages should be minimized.
Cost = (Number of undergraduate courses * Cost per undergraduate course) + (Number of graduate courses * Cost per graduate course)
Cost = (U * $2,500) + (G * $3,000)
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Problem 5.07 (Present and Future Values of a Cash Flow Stream) eBook Problem Walk-Through An investment will pay $150 at the end of each of the next 3 years, $250 at the end of Year 4, $350 at the end of Year 5, and $550 at the end of Year 6. If other investments of equal risk earn 8% annually, what is its present value? Its future value? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent. Present value: $ Future value: $
Present value: $816.13we need to discount each cash flow back to its present value using the 8% annual interest rate.
Future value: $1,335.87
To calculate the present value of the cash flow stream, we need to discount each cash flow back to its present value using the 8% annual interest rate. Then we sum up all the present values of the cash flows.
To calculate the future value of the cash flow stream, we need to compound each cash flow forward to the end of Year 6 using the 8% annual interest rate. Then we sum up all the future values of the cash flows.
- Present value: The present value is the current worth of a future cash flow stream, determined by discounting future cash flows to their equivalent value in today's dollars.
- Future value: The future value is the value that a cash flow stream will grow to at a future point in time, considering the effect of compounding or earning interest over time.
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last year, big w company reported earnings per share of $3.10 when its stock was selling for $62.00. if its earnings this year increase by 10 percent and the p/e ratio remains constant, what will be the price of its stock? (do not round intermediate calculations. round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
The price of the stock will be $68.20.
To find the price of the stock this year, we can use the P/E ratio formula:
P/E ratio = Stock price / Earnings per share
Earnings per share last year = $3.10
Stock price last year = $62.00
Earnings growth rate = 10%
First, we calculate the earnings per share for this year:
Earnings per share this year = Earnings per share last year * (1 + Earnings growth rate)
Earnings per share this year = $3.10 * (1 + 0.10)
Earnings per share this year = $3.41
Next, we can use the P/E ratio formula to find the stock price this year:
P/E ratio = Stock price this year / Earnings per share this year
Since the problem states that the P/E ratio remains constant, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the stock price this year:
Stock price this year = P/E ratio * Earnings per share this year
Given that the P/E ratio remains constant, we can use the P/E ratio from last year:
P/E ratio = Stock price last year / Earnings per share last year
Substituting the values:
P/E ratio = $62.00 / $3.10
P/E ratio = 20.00
Now we can calculate the stock price this year:
Stock price this year = P/E ratio * Earnings per share this year
Stock price this year = 20.00 * $3.41
Stock price this year = $68.20
If the earnings of Big W Company increase by 10% and the P/E ratio remains constant, the price of its stock will be $68.20.
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sales revenue is $250,000, fixed costs are $90,000, profit is $50,000, and sales price per unit is $25.00. variable cost per unit is:
The variable cost per unit is $13.00.
To calculate the variable cost per unit, we can use the formula:
Variable Cost Per Unit = (Sales Price Per Unit - Profit) / (1 + (Fixed Costs / Sales Revenue))
First, let's calculate the contribution margin, which is the amount that sales revenue contributes towards covering the fixed costs and generating a profit.
Contribution Margin = Sales Price Per Unit - Variable Cost Per Unit
Contribution Margin = $25.00 - Variable Cost Per Unit
Now, we can calculate the contribution margin ratio, which is the percentage of each dollar of sales revenue that is available to cover the fixed costs and generate a profit.
Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin / Sales Price Per Unit
Contribution Margin Ratio = (25.00 - Variable Cost Per Unit) / $25.00
Now, we can use the contribution margin ratio to calculate the break-even sales volume.
Break-Even Sales Volume = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin Ratio
Break-Even Sales Volume = $90,000 / ((25.00 - Variable Cost Per Unit) / $25.00)
Now, we can use the break-even sales volume to calculate the break-even sales revenue.
Break-Even Sales Revenue = Break-Even Sales Volume * Sales Price Per Unit
Break-Even Sales Revenue = Break-Even Sales Volume * $25.00
Finally, we can use the break-even sales revenue to calculate the variable cost per unit.
Variable Cost Per Unit = (Sales Price Per Unit - Profit) / (1 + (Fixed Costs / Sales Revenue))
Variable Cost Per Unit = ($25.00 - $50,000) / (1 + ($90,000 / $250,000))
Variable Cost Per Unit = $13.00
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a 6.4 percent corporate coupon bond is callable in five years for a call premium of one year of coupon payments. assuming a par value of $1,000, what is the price paid to the bondholder if the issuer calls the bond?
Amount paid to a bondholder in the event that the issuer calls the bond is $1060.
Call Premium:Call premium is the amount paid in excess of the par value when the bond is recalled by the company. This premium is usually expressed in percent of the par value. For example, a call premium of 10% results in a call price that is 110% of the par.
We have the information from the question is:
Principal value = $1000
call premium = 6 years
We have to find the price paid to the bondholder if the issuer calls the bond.
Now, According to the question is:
The price paid to the bondholder = Principal Value + call premium
Price paid to bondholder = $1000+ 6%
= $1060
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Which is the fda approval process used for new devices that are life-sustaining?
The process of approval of life-sustaining devices is critical in ensuring that the devices meet the quality and safety requirements of the users. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the regulation of medical devices.
The FDA ensures that the life-sustaining devices used by the public are safe and efficient and meet the established medical standards. FDA approval for life-sustaining devices follows a rigorous process that can take several years and thousands of dollars. The FDA approval process used for new devices that are life-sustaining is the pre-market approval (PMA) process. The PMA is the most rigorous and most time-consuming process that the FDA requires medical device manufacturers to go through. The PMA process is required for medical devices that are considered high-risk, and that may have a significant impact on the public's health. The PMA process entails clinical trials, device testing, and evaluation. The device manufacturer must provide extensive scientific evidence to show the device's safety and effectiveness. In conclusion, the FDA uses the pre-market approval (PMA) process for new devices that are life-sustaining. The PMA process is rigorous and time-consuming and requires manufacturers to provide extensive scientific evidence to show the device's safety and effectiveness.
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ASSIGNMENT DETAILS: Select a product that you have recently purchased for personal use. The items should have been purchased in the last 3 months. It can be any product from a beverage or food item, a household or apparel item or a large purchase such as a vehicle. The only item that cannot be selected is a laptop or mobile phone/device. The product I choose Oreo Cookies Answer the following Questions: Product Name 1.2) Describe the item in your own words: What is it, what does it do? 1.3) Why did you purchase this item? What was your use/need? 1.4) Where did you purchase the item? Why? 1.5) Provide 2 Pictures of item (You may copy and paste pictures to the Assignment, provide link to web-based images and/or attach or email images to the assignment): a) Picture of actual product b) Picture of product packaging 1.6) Provide the Purchase Date, and Price 2.1) List 2 Competitive Items that you might have purchased instead of this item. Describe the items and note the 4ps for each. (Competitive items are items that are similar in use and product features but differ in Marketing Mix details – 4p’s). For example, if you purchased a 2-door compact vehicle, a competitive item would be a vehicle similar in size or if you purchased a chocolate bar, a competitive item would be another chocolate bar. 2.2) Why did you select the item you purchased instead of the other 2 options? 2.3) What part of the Marketing Mix offered the advantage that you caused you to purchase the item instead of the Competitive Item? Price, Product, Promotion or Place? Approximately 250 words, one page double spaced) 3.1) List 2 Alternative/Substitute Items that you might have purchased instead of this item and note the 4ps for each. (Alternative items are items that differ in product details but solve the same use case/need). For example, if you purchased a 2-door compact vehicle, an alternative/substitute item might be a Motorized Scooter or Bike if your use case/need is for transportation of 1 person. If your purchase was a chocolate bar, an alternative item might be a candy snack if your use case/need is for a sweet treat. 3.2) Why did you select the item you purchased instead of the other 2 options? 3.3) What part of the Marketing Mix offered the advantage that you caused you to purchase the item instead of the Alternative item? Price, Product, Promotion or Place? 4.1) Now that you have reflected on both the Marketing Mix of the item and its competitive advantage, describe who you think might be the Target Customer for your product. Provide 4 reasons why you think this might be the target audience based each of the 4ps: Product, Price, Promotion, Place.
Product Name: Oreo Cookies
1.2) Oreo Cookies are a popular snack consisting of two chocolate-flavored cookies with a sweet vanilla cream filling in between. They are known for their distinctive black and white sandwich design.
1.3) I purchased Oreo Cookies because I enjoy having a sweet treat as a snack. They satisfy my craving for something sweet and provide a tasty and convenient snack option.
1.4) I purchased the Oreo Cookies from a local grocery store. The store is conveniently located near my home, making it easily accessible for me to purchase the item whenever I want.
1.5)
a) Picture of actual product:
[Insert picture of Oreo Cookies]
b) Picture of product packaging:
[Insert picture of Oreo Cookies packaging]
1.6) Purchase Date: [Insert purchase date]
Price: [Insert price]
2.1) Competitive Items:
a) Chocolate Chip Cookies:
Product: Chocolate chip cookies made with chunks of chocolate and a soft texture.
Price: Similar price range as Oreo Cookies.
Promotion: Different packaging and branding, highlighting the use of real chocolate chips.
Place: Available in grocery stores and bakery sections.
b) Digestive Biscuits:
Product: Plain, semi-sweet biscuits with a slightly crumbly texture.
Price: Similar price range as Oreo Cookies.
Promotion: Emphasis on digestive benefits and healthy ingredients.
Place: Available in grocery stores and health food sections.
2.2) I selected Oreo Cookies because I prefer their unique taste and texture compared to the other two options. The combination of the chocolate-flavored cookies and the creamy filling is a distinct feature that I enjoy.
2.3) The advantage that caused me to purchase Oreo Cookies instead of the competitive items lies in the product aspect of the marketing mix. The taste, texture, and the specific combination of chocolate cookies with a creamy filling are key factors that set Oreo Cookies apart and make them appealing to me.
3.1) Alternative/Substitute Items:
a) Chocolate Wafer Bars:
Product: Wafer bars coated in chocolate, with layers of crispy wafer and chocolate cream.
Price: Similar price range as Oreo Cookies.
Promotion: Highlighting the layers of wafer and chocolate for a crunchy and indulgent snack.
Place: Available in grocery stores and confectionery sections.
b) Chocolate-covered Pretzels:
Product: Pretzel sticks coated in chocolate for a combination of sweet and salty flavors.
Price: Similar price range as Oreo Cookies.
Promotion: Emphasizing the contrast of sweet chocolate and salty pretzels as a satisfying snack.
Place: Available in grocery stores and snack aisles.
3.2) I selected Oreo Cookies because I enjoy the taste of the chocolate cookies with the creamy filling, which is different from the alternatives. The combination of the cookie and cream provides a unique experience.
3.3) The advantage that caused me to choose Oreo Cookies over the alternative items lies in the product aspect of the marketing mix. The specific taste and texture of Oreo Cookies, with the chocolate cookies and creamy filling, offer a distinct flavor profile that I prefer.
4.1) Target Customer for Oreo Cookies:
Product: Individuals who enjoy sweet snacks and have a preference for chocolate-flavored treats.
Price: Consumers looking for affordable snack options within a moderate price range.
Promotion: Individuals who are influenced by nostalgic branding and enjoy fun and creative advertisements.
Place: Consumers who frequently visit grocery stores and convenience stores for their snack purchases.
Reasons:
Product: The target customers are those who appreciate the unique taste and texture combination
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