1.Four major features provide clues:
(1) The Sun, planets, and large moons generally rotate and orbit in a very organized way.
(2) With the exception of Pluto, the planets divide clearly into two groups: terrestrial and jovian.
(3) The solar system contains huge numbers of asteroids and comets.
(4) There are some notable exceptions to these general patterns.
2. Gravity causes the early solar nebula to collapse. The solar nebula flattens and warms at its core as it revolves. Within the spinning disk, planetesimals (early planets) begin to form.
3. Because the center of the revolving disk had the least amount of centripetal force, the majority of the mass from the nebula cloud was drawn to it by gravity. The majority of the material was hydrogen gas that was subjected to extreme pressure, which heated it to a critical point, causing it to fuse with another hydrogen atom, resulting in the formation of helium and the birth of the sun.
4. Nebular Theory: argues that when the Sun formed in the nebula, it created planets, asteroids, and other bodies from a spinning disk of materials known as the accretion disk. Almost all revolve in the same direction on their axes. Venus and Uranus are moving backwards on their axes.
5. In the inner solar nebula, only dense materials could condense. The Jovian planets are really denser than the terrestrial planets. Gravity compresses terrestrial planets to a greater extent, causing them to become denser. The gravity of the Sun drew dense materials into the inner solar system.
The nebular hypothesis has been given to states about the spinning dust cloud. The nebula started collapsing due to the force of gravity. It was formed by the rotation of the planets and celestial bodies.
What is a nebular hypothesis?The nebular hypothesis was to give the idea about the origin of the solar system based on dust and gases. According to the nebular hypothesis, the nebula started to collapse due to the force of gravity and the shock of the explosion from the Supernova.
The movement and rotation of the planets in orbits, revolutions, and motions suggest that the formation of the nebula along with asteroids and comets is the reason for its formation.
According to the hypothesis, the Sun was formed by the collapse of the heavy helium and hydrogen clouds that resulted in an increase in the temperature at the core and started to increase its temperature even more.
The hypothesis also accounts for the formation of the planets as the formation of the Sun and rotating dust and gases resulted in a rotating solar system that contained planets in it that was first released as planetesimals. The inner planets are denser compared to the outer planets because of the gravitation force.
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How many grams Fe2O3 would be
required to make 187 g Fe?
Fe₂O3 + 3CO →2Fe + 3CO2
267.14 gm grams[tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] would be required to make 187 g Fe.
What is a balanced chemical equation?A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products.
The balanced equation:
Fe₂O₃ + 3 CO ⟶ 3 CO₂ + 2 Fe
We know that the molecular mass of iron-oxide = 160 g/mole.
We know that the molecular mass of iron = 56 g/mole.
From the above reaction, we can say that
1 mole of iron -oxide produces 2 moles of iron
160 gm of iron oxide produce 112 gm of iron
So,
1 gm of iron required 160÷112 =1.42 gram of iron oxide
Therefore,
187 gm of iron required 1.42 x 187 =265.54 of iron oxide.
Therefore 187 gm of iron required 267.14 iron oxide.
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A compound has an empirical formula C₂H4S.
What is its molecular formula, if its molar
mass is 168 g/mol?
This means that the molar mass of [tex]\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{4}\text{S}[/tex] is
[tex]2(12.011)+4(1.00794)+32.06=60.11376[/tex]
Dividing this by the given molar mass, we get [tex]\frac{168}{60.11376} \approx 3[/tex]
So, the molecular formula is about [tex]\boxed{\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{12}\text{S}_{3}}[/tex]
Which of the following compounds would make a good electrolyte?
Select one:
O a. ethanol
O b. carbon dioxide
O c. sodium chloride
O d. water
Answer:
C. Sodium Chloride.
Explanation:
Because when NaCl dissolved in water, it will dissociate to produce 2 ions Na+ and Cl-.
A+gas+at+250k+and+15atm+has+a+molar+volume+12%+less+than+the+perfect+gas+law+character. +calculate+the+compressibility+factor
The compression factor based on the information given is 0.083.
How to calculate the compression factor?The way to calculate the compression factor goes this:
V(ideal) = RT/P
= (0.0821 × 250)/15
= 1.368
V(real) will be:
= V(ideal)/12
= 1.368/12 = 0.114
The compression factor will be:
= 1.368/(12 × 1.368)
= 0.083
Therefore, the compression factor is 0.083.
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A piece of lithium is added to a beaker of water. Will the solution formed be acidic, alkaline or neutral?
Answer:
alkaline
Explanation:
Lithium reacts intensely with water, forming lithium hydroxide and highly flammable hydrogen. The colorless solution is highly alkalic.
According to the chemical reaction between lithium and water, lithium hydroxide is formed which is a basic substance.
What are chemical reactions?Chemical reactions are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.
There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.
There are three types of chemical reactions:
1) inorganic reactions
2)organic reactions
3) biochemical reactions
During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.
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How many moles of NO2 form when
63.25 g N2O5 decompose?
2N₂O54NO₂ + O₂
Answer:
1.1713 moles
Explanation:
RFM of N2O5=108
Moles of N2O5= mass/RFM= 63.25/108=0.5856 moles
Mole ratio of N2O5:NO2= 2:4
Therefore moles of NO2= 4/2*0.5856= 1.1713 moles
Help pls!!
The table compares the number of electrons in two unknown neutral atoms.
Comparison of Electrons
Atom Number of Electrons
A 10
D 11
Use this information to determine the number of valence electrons in the atoms. Which of the following correctly compares the stability of the two atoms?
A Both are unreactive.
B Both are highly reactive.
C A is unreactive and D is reactive.
D A is reactive and D is unreactive.
Answer: A is unreactive and D is reactive.
Explanation:
A is neon, which is a noble gas, and thus unreactive.
D is sodium, which is an alkali metal, and thus highly reactive.
An arrow is fired at a target on a high wall. How does the energy change between the moment the arrow is fired and the moment it hits the target?
o The potential energy and kinetic energy remain the same.
o The potential energy decreases as kinetic energy increases.
o The kinetic energy decreases as potential energy increases.
o The kinetic energy remains at zero, but potential energy increases.
The kinetic energy decreases as potential energy increases. Hence, option C is correct.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
As the target is fired high on the wall, the change in the energy that is observed as the arrow moves toward the target is kinetic energy starts to decrease as the arrow reaches nearer to the target and the potential energy is observed to increase.
So, in short, the energy transformation is from kinetic energy from a moving arrow to potential energy when the arrow hits the target.
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Describe the properties of noble gases. based on their electronic arrangement, explain whether they can exist alone in nature.
Noble gases exist as monatomic gases, which means that their molecules consist of a single atom.
What are noble gases?A "Noble gas" can be defined as a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions. Examples of Noble gases are helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
Properties of noble gases:
Noble gases are the least reactive of all elements because they have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. That's why noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.
Atoms of noble gases do not bond with other gases. Only helium exists as atoms of Helium, not as diatomic molecules. Helium does not form compounds with atoms of other elements.
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The bonds of the product store 27 KJ more energy than the bonds of the reactants how is energy conserved during this reaction
A.The reaction creates 27 kj of energy when bonds form.
B.The reaction system absorbs 27 kj of energy from the surroundings.
C.The reaction uses up 27 kj of energy when bonds break.
D.The surroundings absorb 27 kj of energy from the reaction system.
ANSWER: the answer is b
If the bonds of the product store 27 KJ more energy than the bonds of the reactants, It means the surroundings absorb 27 kj of energy from the reaction system Hence, Option (D) is the correct answer
What is the Exothermic reaction ?An exothermic process releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise.
The bonds of the product store 27 KJ more energy than the bonds of the reactants, It means that energy has been absorbed by the surrounding as the product formed is more stable due to more stronger bond
This can be inferred from more stored energy with in the bonds and Thus, It is a exothermic reaction.Hence, Option (D) is the correct answer
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A 13.00 g sample of citric acid reacts with an excess of baking soda as shown in the equation.
H3C6H507 +3NaHCO3 →3CO2 + 3H₂O+Na3C6H507
What is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide?
0.993 g
O2.98 g
O 3.65 g
8.93 g
Answer:
eheheehehehszndn!jejxxnndrrjrrrfufurururufjththjrjrjdjjjrj\u\ujrjeejrjjjj carbon
what is the molarity of the NaOH
the answer is:
40 g/mole
What is a chemical bond?
A. When electrons are shared between atoms
B. When protons are shared between
C. When neutrons are shared between atoms
Answer:
a
Explanation:
the bond is shared between the atoms because whith out it you cant have one
How many moles of propane
react when 294 g of CO2 form?
C3H8 +502 → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
2.23 moles of propane react when 294 g of CO₂ is formed .
What is moles ?Moles is a unit which is equal to the molar mass of an element.
A reaction is given
C₃H₈ +50₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
Grams of CO₂ formed = 294 gm
In moles = 294 /44 = 6.68 moles.
Let x be the moles of C₃H₈ is x
Mole ratio of CO₂ to C₃H₈ = 3 : 1
so
6.68 /x = 3/1
x = 6.68 /3 = 2.23 moles
Therefore 2.23 moles of propane react when 294 g of CO₂ is formed .
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Please help, I don't know the formulas to do these and I'd like to know HOW y'all get the answers...thank you so much.
A technician produced H2 gas by reacting zinc (Zn) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction was: 2Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ----> Zn2SO4 (aq) + H2
He collected the hydrogen in a flask by water displacement. Atmospheric pressure was 737.2 torr, and room temperature was 25.0 degrees celsius.
a. What was the vapor pressure in the water flask?
b. What was the pressure of H2 in the flask?
c. Suppose that a leak in the gas collection tubes accidentally let a small amount of air into the flask. The unwanted air exerts 25.2 torr of pressure in the flask. How much pressure is the H2 exerting in the flask?
The vapour pressure in the water flask is 23.686 torr.
The pressure of [tex]H_2[/tex] in the flask was 713.514 torr.
Pressure is the [tex]H_2[/tex] exerting in the flask is 688.314 torr
What is vapour pressure?Vapour pressure is a measure of the tendency of a material to change into the gaseous or vapour state, and it increases with temperature.
a.The vapour pressure of water is given by:
[tex]Log_{10} P =A- \frac{B}{C+T}[/tex], where T is in degree Celcius, P is in torr.
For 0-100 degree celcius, A=8.07131, B=1730.63, C=233.426
[tex]Log_{10} P = 8.07131 - \frac{1730.63}{233.426+25} =1.3745[/tex]
As T =25 degree celcius
[tex]P = 10^{1.3745} torr[/tex] =23.686 torr
b.We know that [tex]P_{total} =P_{H_2} + P_{H_2O}[/tex]
[tex]P_{total}[/tex] = Atmospheric pressure
[tex]737.2 torr = P_{H_2} +23.686 torr[/tex]
[tex]P_{H_2} = 713.514 torr[/tex]
c.After there is a leak in the gas collection tube, the amount at pressure due to water vapour remains unchanged as it is a quantity dependent on temperature.
[tex]P_{total} =P_{H_2} + P_{H_2O} + P_{leaking \;air}[/tex]
[tex]737.2 torr = P_{H_2} + 23.686 torr + 25.2 torr[/tex]
[tex]P_{H_2} =688.314 torr[/tex]
For calculating molar mass of any gas:
M= Density X (RT ÷ P)
M= 0.714 g X ([tex]8.314 J mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]273 K ÷ 101325 Pa)
M= 15.994 g/mol = 16 g/mol.
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Read about Flexon below. What scientific name is given to this kind of alloy?
Flexon :
Flexon is the trademarked name for a special material that is used to make frames for spectacles. It is light and extremely flexible. If it is bent it will 'remember' its original shape and return to it.
IBUPROFEN-400MG + PARACETAMOL-325MG is the scientific name Flexon.
What does Flexon mean?Flexon is the trademark for a shape memory alloy of titanium that is used to make eyeglass frames.
The metal alloy used by Flexon in their eyewear was actually destined for a very different path when, in 1961, US Naval Scientists creating a missile heat shield discovered that the alloy they were using automatically returned to its original shape, even after being hit by a hammer.
Flexon is the trademarked name for a special material that is used to make frames for spectacles. It is light and extremely flexible. If it is bent it will 'remember' its original shape and return to it.
Flexon eyeglasses are all made of memory metal titanium.
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neutral grain spirit is essentially the same as
The neutral grain spirit is essentially known as rectified spirits or ethyl alcohol.
Meaning of neutral grain spiritneutral grain spirit can be defined as raw material that is very concentrated with alcohol used to produce strong alcoholic products.
neutral grain spirit as the name implies is neutral in nature that is it can be blended with any other alcoholic product.
In conclusion, The neutral grain spirit is essentially known as rectified spirits or ethyl alcohol.
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A can of coke which is 12.0ml and is at a temperature of 18.0°C is placed into a refrigerator freezer. The
can was accidently left over night and the temperature dropped to -1.00°C. What would happen to the
volume of the coke can?
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Volume would decrease to temp of approx 4 C then it would slightly increase to the 1 degree C point but it would still be a smaller volume than at 18 C .
( this assumes a freezing point of - 1.11 C for Coke )
The bright-line emission spectrum of an element can best be explained by.
The light emitted by an element when its electrons return to a lower energy state can be viewed as a bright line emission spectrum.
What is Emission spectrum ?The distribution of electromagnetic radiation released by a substance whose atoms have been excited by heat or radiation.
A spectroscope can be used to determine which frequencies have been emitted by a substance.
An emission line will appear in a spectrum if the source emits specific wavelengths of radiation.
This emission occurs when an atom, element or molecule in an excited state returns to a configuration of lower energy.
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Explain why beryllium looses electrons while ionic bonds,while Sulfur gains electrons.
Answer:
Since Beryllium has a larger atomic radius than Sulphur its electrons are not strongly attracted to the nucleus hence lost easily. But Sulphur has a small atomic radius hence electrons are more closely attracted to the nucleus.
What mass of YCL3 forms when 10.0 grams of each reactant are combined?
The mass of [tex]YCl_3[/tex] that would be formed will be 18.22 grams
Stoichiometric calculationsLet us first look at the balanced equation of the reaction:
[tex]2Y + 3Cl_2 --- > 2YCl_3[/tex]
The mole ratio of Y to [tex]Cl_2[/tex] is 2:3.
Mole of 10.0 grams of Y = 10/88.9 = 0.11 moles
Mole of 10.0 grams [tex]Cl_2[/tex] = 10/71 = 0.14 moles
3/2 of 0.11 = 0.165. Thus, [tex]Cl_2[/tex] is limiting in availability.
Mole ratio of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] and [tex]YCl_3[/tex] = 3:2
Equivalent mole of [tex]YCl_3[/tex] = 2/3 x 0.14 = 0.093 moles.
Mass of 0.093 moles [tex]YCl_3[/tex] =0.093 x 195.26 = 18.22 grams
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What does it mean when a solution is saturated?
O The container is full.
O No more solute can dissolve in solvent.
O The solute has turned into a solid.
O The solvent has turned into a solid.
Answer:
A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved. Any more solute added will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container.
Explanation:
Q2:- Which branch of chemistry deal with the structure and properties of naturally occurring molecules?
Answer:
Explanation:
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry It is often known as the 'Chemistry of Life' that deals with the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds. A study of Organic Chemistry helps students to identify and classify the various naturally occurring compounds and to create one with desired properties and functions.
The branch of chemistry that deals with the structure and properties of naturally occurring molecules is Organic Chemistry.
What is Organic chemistry?Chemistry is divided into several branches in which we learn inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and also organic chemistry. Organic chemistry deals with natural compounds in which we learn about chemical and physical properties of natural compounds and then the structures of organic compounds as well. We study about the formation of different organic compounds and which kind of compounds will be useful in which field.
For example- Alcohols can be used in vehicles, as solvents, it can be used to form many other organic compounds as well.
Aldehydes, Ketones are the organic compounds which has medicinal use and helps in forming other compounds as well.
Therefore, The branch of chemistry that deals with the structure and properties of naturally occurring molecules is Organic Chemistry.
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________ is defined as a method of preparing cocaine as a chemical substance so that it can be smoked.
Freebase is defined as a method of preparing cocaine as a chemical substance so that it can be smoked because is is extracted or deduced from the natural source which is plant
What is freebase?Freebase is a that is use while producing cocaine in other to free or extract the base from the natural source which is plant and after which it is grinded into powder so that it can be smoked or sniffed.
Therefore, Freebase is defined as a method of preparing cocaine as a chemical substance so that it can be smoked because is is extracted or deduced from the natural source which is plant
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a sample of helium gas has a volume of 1.00 l. what is the final volume if both the pressure and kelvin temperature each double?
If the both pressure and temperature of the helium gas is doubled, the final volume is 1.00 Liters.
What is the final volume of the helium gas?Combined gas law put together both Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It states that "the ratio of the product of volume and pressure and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant.
It is expressed as;
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
Given that;
Initial volume V₁ = 1.00LInitial Pressure = PInitial temperature = TFinal pressure = 2PFinal temperature = 2TFinal volume V₂ = ?P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁
V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ / P₂T₁
V₂ = ( P × 1.00L × 2T ) / ( 2P × T )
V₂ = ( 2.00L × P × T ) / ( 2 × P × T )
V₂ = ( 1.00L × P × T ) / ( × P × T )
V₂ = 1.00L
If the both pressure and temperature of the helium gas is doubled, the final volume is 1.00 Liters.
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45.8 grams of copper requires 1172 J of heat to reach a final temperature of 100.5 ℃. What was the initial temperature? Specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/g℃.
A. 66.5[?][?][?]
B. 122[?][?][?]
C. 34.0[?][?][?]
D. 75.2[?][?][?]
I also have no idea what the [?][?][?] is. Can someone please help me for 20 points? I desperately need help. No nonsense answers either, and show the steps pls. :')
Answer:
Option A, 66.5
Explanation:
use q (heat) = m(mass) * cp(specific heat) * deltat (change in temp)
q= 1172, m = 45.8, cp = 0.385
1172= (45.8) * (0.385) * Delta T
1172= 17.633 *DeltaT
1172/17.633 =DeltaT
66.5 =DeltaT
What molecule is shown below?
Answer: 3 methylhexane
Explanation: Attached is a picture of the molecule. Courtesy of the National Institute of Health, United States Government.
Answer: 3-methylhexane
Explanation:
The parent chain is six carbon atoms long, so there is the prefix 'hex'
There is a methyl branch on the third carbon atom, so it is 3-methylhexane.
Determine if the following is a compound , Element or Mixture
Compound is a group of same molecules, Element is a group of same atoms and mixture is combination of two or more pure substances.
What are Molecules ?
Molecules are the combination of two or more different atoms combine in a fixed ratio.
Molecules can be independently founded.
Atoms are always founded in combined state and does not occurs independently except rare earth elements which belongs to 18th group of periodic table.
Chemicals are taken in compound state But they undergo chemical reaction individually in molecular level.
Hence, Compound is a group of same molecules, Element is a group of same atoms and mixture is combination of two or more pure substances.
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justify the statement nuclear energy is harmful as well as useful
calculate the amount of glucose required to prepare 250g of 5% sugar solution
Answer:
12.5g
Explanation:
1. Percentage of solution = 5.
2. Mass of solution = 250g.
3. = Mass of solute / 250 x 100.
4. = 5 x 250 / 100.
5. = 12.5g.