In a perfectly competitive market in the long-run price will equal average total cost and marginal cost.
This is because a perfectly competitive market is characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers who can easily enter or leave the market.The following statement is true in a perfectly competitive market:Price will equal average total cost and marginal cost.In a perfectly competitive market, price and output are determined by the interaction of market demand and market supply. Firms are price takers, meaning they have no control over the price at which they sell their product. Hence, they will produce at a level where price equals marginal cost (MC), i.e. at the point where they earn normal profits.
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Which best describes Lucentio's response the first time he sees Baptista and his two daughters on stage?
Select one:
leave Padua immediately to return to Pisa
resolve never to marry
ask Baptista how much his daughters' dowries will be
ask the father to arrange a marriage
head over heels in love
The best answer that describes Lucentio's response the first time he sees Baptista and his two daughters on stage is "head over heels in love.
The correct answer is ask the father to arrange a marriage
head over heels in love.
On stage, the first time when Lucentio sees Baptista and his two daughters, he fell in love with the youngest daughter Bianca. He is head over heels in love with Bianca. However, Baptista is clear that his daughter, Bianca will not be allowed to get married until his eldest daughter Katharine gets married. Hence, Lucentio, with the help of his servant Tranio, disguises himself as a Latin teacher and wins the affections of Bianca. However, to win Bianca's hand in marriage, Lucentio must first find a husband for her sister Katharine. This results in a tangled web of mistaken identity and comedy, but in the end, all the characters find happiness.
Therefore, the best way to describe Lucentio's response is "head over heels in love."WORDS:Lucentio's response to seeing Baptista and his two daughters on stage is best described as "head over heels in love." The first time he sees Baptista's youngest daughter Bianca, he instantly falls in love with her. However, her father Baptista is clear that she will not be allowed to marry until his eldest daughter Katharine is married. Lucentio disguises himself as a Latin teacher and wins theaffections of Bianca. However, he must first find a husband for Katharine before he can win Bianca's hand in marriage. Thus, he falls in love with Bianca at first sight, and this love drives the events of the play.
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Taylor Systems has just issued preferred stock. The stock has a 9% annual dividend and a $75 par value and was sold at $72.00 per share. In addition, flotation costs of $4.50 per share were paid. Calculate the cost of the preferred stock.
Question content area bottom
Part 1
The cost of the preferred stock is enter your response here%.(Round to two decimal places.)
The cost of the preferred stock is 10%.
Cost of preferred stock:Cost of preferred stock can be calculated using the following formula:Cost of preferred stock = Preferred dividend / Net proceedsAfter-tax flotation cost can be calculated using the following formula:After-tax flotation cost = Flotation cost × (1 - Tax rate)Given data: Annual dividend on preferred stock = 9%Par value = $75Market price = $72Flotation cost = $4.50We need to calculate the cost of the preferred stock.Step-by-step solution:We can calculate the preferred dividend as follows:Preferred dividend = Par value × Annual dividend rate= $75 × 9%=$6.75We can calculate the net proceeds per share as follows:Net proceeds = Market price − Flotation cost= $72 − $4.50=$67.50Using the above information, we can calculate the cost of preferred stock as follows:Cost of preferred stock = Preferred dividend / Net proceeds= $6.75 / $67.50= 0.10 or 10%Therefore, the cost of the preferred stock is 10%.
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Which of the following transactions this year would not be included in Australia's GDP?
a. New South Wales government's purchase of fresh milk for public school students.
b. A new factory's purchase of used machines from a factory that is closing down.
c. Gross fixed private investment
d. Purchase of latest model Australian manufactured cars by USA citizens
The transaction that would not be included in Australia's GDP is:
b. A new factory's purchase of used machines from a factory that is closing down.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific time period. It includes various types of economic activities, but not all transactions are counted in GDP.
a. New South Wales government's purchase of fresh milk for public school students: This transaction involves the purchase of goods (fresh milk) for consumption within the country. It represents government expenditure on goods and would be included in Australia's GDP.
c. Gross fixed private investment: This refers to investments made by private businesses in capital goods, such as machinery, buildings, and equipment. Gross fixed private investment is a component of GDP, representing business investment.
d. Purchase of the latest model Australian manufactured cars by USA citizens: This transaction involves the export of goods (cars) to another country (USA). Exports are part of a country's GDP, representing domestic production that is consumed abroad.
However, option b, the purchase of used machines from a closing factory, does not involve the production of new goods or services within the current time period. It is simply a transfer of existing assets and does not contribute to current production. Therefore, it would not be included in Australia's GDP.
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Question 12 Company XYZ made no adjusting entry for accrued and unpaid employee salaries of $5,000 on December 31. The entry to record the adjusting entry should have been O Debit Salary Expense, $5,000, credit Cash, $5,000 O Debit Salary Expense, $5,000, credit Salarios Payable, $5,000 O Debit Salary Expense, $5,000, credit Prepaid Salary, $5,000 O Debit Salary Exponso, $5,000, credit Feos Eamed, $5,000
The correct entry is to debit Salary Expense and credit Salaries Payable. The correct entry to record the adjusting entry for accrued and unpaid employee salaries of $5,000 on December 31 should be:
Debit Salary Expense: $5,000
Credit Salaries Payable: $5,000
This entry is necessary to recognize the expense incurred for employee salaries that have been earned but not yet paid as of the end of the accounting period. By debiting Salary Expense, we increase the expense for the period, and by crediting Salaries Payable, we recognize the liability for the unpaid salaries.
The other options provided in the question are not correct because they do not accurately reflect the nature of the transaction. Prepaid Salary implies that the salaries have been paid in advance, which is not the case. Crediting Cash would indicate that the salaries have been paid, which is also not true. Crediting Fees Earned is unrelated to employee salaries and would not appropriately reflect the accrued salaries liability.
Therefore, the correct entry is to debit Salary Expense and credit Salaries Payable.
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Suppose stock in Watta Corporation has a beta of .80. The market risk premium is 6 percent, and the risk-free rate is 6 percent. Watta’s last dividend was $1.20 per share, and the dividend is expected to grow at 8 percent indefinitely. The stock currently sells for $45 per share. suppose Watta has a target debt−equity ratio of 50 percent. Its cost of debt is 9 percent before taxes. If the tax rate is 35 percent, what is the WACC? (use the average cost of equity based on CAPM and the dividend discount model)
The WACC for Watta Corporation is approximately 8.525%.
To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Watta Corporation, we need to determine the cost of equity and the cost of debt.
First, let's calculate the cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
Given:
Beta = 0.80
Market Risk Premium = 6%
Risk-Free Rate = 6%
Cost of Equity = 6% + 0.80 * 6% = 11.2%
Next, let's calculate the cost of debt. Since the target debt-equity ratio is 50%, we can calculate the weighted average cost of debt and equity.
Weighted Average Cost of Debt = Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)
Given:
Cost of Debt = 9%
Tax Rate = 35%
Cost of Debt = 9% * (1 - 35%) = 5.85%
Now, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt)
Given:
Target Debt-Equity Ratio = 50%
Weight of Equity = 1 - Target Debt-Equity Ratio = 1 - 0.50 = 0.50
Weight of Debt = Target Debt-Equity Ratio = 0.50
WACC = (0.50 * 11.2%) + (0.50 * 5.85%)
WACC = 5.6% + 2.925%
WACC = 8.525%
Therefore, the WACC for Watta Corporation is approximately 8.525%.
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"(a)Describe the key difference between supervised and unsupervised learning. Name two
typical supervised learning approaches and two unsupervised learning approaches.
(b) Describe how you would use the k-fold cross-validation method to eliminate or relive the potential overfitting in a predictive model.
(a) The key difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is that supervised learning requires labeled data, while unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data. Two examples of supervised learning are regression and classification.
(b) The k-fold cross-validation method is used to eliminate or relieve the potential overfitting in a predictive model by dividing the data set into k-subsets, where one subset is used as the test set, and the rest k-1 subsets are used as the training set. This process is repeated k times, with each subset being used as the test set once. The performance measures of the k models are averaged to produce the final performance measure. The result is that the model's performance on new data is less likely to be overfit.
The k-fold cross-validation method can be used to reduce the variance of a model by generating multiple models from the same data set. As the model's variance decreases, the model's bias increases. Therefore, it is important to choose the value of k carefully, as a higher k-value will reduce the bias but increase the variance.
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Income transferred to a child is not taxable. Discuss both for
and against this statement using references in 3 paragraphs.
The statement that income transferred to a child is not taxable is not entirely true. There are arguments both for and against this statement. The following paragraphs will discuss these arguments.
For:
One argument in favor of the statement is that income transferred to a child can be considered a form of financial support provided by parents or guardians. In this view, it is believed that the income earned by parents should not be taxed again when transferred to their child. Supporters argue that taxing such income would discourage parents from financially assisting their children and would impose an additional burden on families already facing expenses related to child-rearing and education.
Against:
On the other hand, opponents argue that not taxing income transferred to a child creates opportunities for tax avoidance and income shifting. They contend that some individuals may exploit this loophole by transferring income to their children to lower their overall tax liability. Critics argue that this practice can be used to unfairly reduce tax obligations and may result in a loss of tax revenue for the government.
It's important to note that tax laws and regulations vary by jurisdiction, and the treatment of income transferred to children can differ. Some countries impose limits on the amount of income that can be transferred to a child tax-free, while others have specific rules and conditions for such transfers. Therefore, it is crucial to consult the relevant tax laws and regulations in a specific jurisdiction to determine the tax implications of income transfers to children.
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Cash Crunched Company (CCC) purchases computer parts from its suppliers 2/5, net 60. However, CCC routinely stretches accounts payable 10 days beyond the due date. How much does the account stretching reduce the cost of not taking the trade discount?
Select one:
a. 2.04%
b. 2.34%
c. 12.01%
d. 14.35%
e. None of the above.
To determine how much the account stretching reduces the cost of not taking the trade discount, we need to calculate the effective annual interest rate that CCC is saving by delaying the payment.
The terms "2/5, net 60" mean that CCC can take a 2% discount if the payment is made within 5 days, otherwise the full payment is due in 60 days. By stretching the accounts payable 10 days beyond the due date, CCC effectively gains an interest-free period on the outstanding balance. To calculate the effective annual interest rate, we can use the formula: Effective Annual Interest Rate = (Discount % / (1 - Discount %)) * (365 / (Payment Period - Discount Period))
Discount % = 2% (2/5)
Payment Period = 60 days
Discount Period = 5 days
Substituting the values into the formula: Effective Annual Interest Rate = (2% / (1 - 2%)) * (365 / (60 - 5)) Effective Annual Interest Rate ≈ 2.34% Therefore, the account stretching reduces the cost of not taking the trade discount by approximately 2.34%. The correct answer is option b.
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Under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value basis, net realizable value is the net amount that a company expects to receive from the sale of inventory. O True O False Save for Later Attempts: 0 of
The statement "Under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value basis, net realizable value is the net amount that a company expects to receive from the sale of inventory" is true.
The lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value method is a stock valuation process that includes comparing the cost of keeping a business's inventory in stock with the amount of money it may obtain by selling the stock. Inventories are assets that are held for sale in the ordinary course of business or are in the process of being produced for that purpose. Under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value approach, inventory is valued at either its cost or its net realizable value, whichever is lower.
The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the regular course of business, minus reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The cost of inventory includes all costs incurred to bring the inventory to its present location and condition. The lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value method necessitates the writing-down of inventory to the lower-of-cost or net realizable value when the market price of the inventory falls below the inventory's cost. A loss is recorded when inventory is written down.
The loss is reported as a current period expense and lowers net income in the same way that a revenue loss would. This technique creates a "buffer" in the financial statements, allowing for some valuation changes to be captured in the current period's income statement, rather than waiting for the inventory to be sold at a lower price. This allows for better matching of costs and revenues. Therefore, the statement "Under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value basis, net realizable value is the net amount that a company expects to receive from the sale of inventory" is true.
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Glade Company produces a single product. The costs of producing and selling a single unit of this product at the company�s current activity level of 8,000 units per month are:
Direct materials $ 2.50
Direct labor $ 3.00
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 0.50
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 4.25
Variable selling and administrative expenses $ 1.50
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 2.00
The normal selling price is $15 per unit. The company�s capacity is 10,000 units per month. An order has been received from a potential customer overseas for 2,000 units at a price of $12.00 per unit. This order would not affect regular sales.
If the order is accepted, monthly profits would increase by $9,000. the unit cost that is relevant for establishing a minimum selling price for the inferior units is $7.50.
1. To determine the increase or decrease in monthly profits if the order is accepted, we need to compare the incremental revenue and incremental costs associated with the order.
Incremental Revenue:
Quantity of units in the order = 2,000 units
Selling price per unit = $12.00
Incremental revenue = Quantity * Selling price = 2,000 * $12.00 = $24,000
Incremental Costs:
Direct materials per unit = $2.50
Direct labor per unit = $3.00
Variable manufacturing overhead per unit = $0.50
Variable selling and administrative expenses per unit = $1.50
Total variable cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Variable selling and administrative expenses
= $2.50 + $3.00 + $0.50 + $1.50 = $7.50
Incremental costs per order = Total variable cost per unit * Quantity = $7.50 * 2,000 = $15,000
Since the order would not change the company's total fixed costs, the monthly profits would increase by the difference between incremental revenue and incremental costs:
Increase in monthly profits = Incremental revenue - Incremental costs
= $24,000 - $15,000
= $9,000
Therefore, if the order is accepted, monthly profits would increase by $9,000.
2. When establishing a minimum selling price for the inferior units left over from last year, the relevant cost is the variable cost. This is because the fixed costs have already been incurred and are not relevant for the decision-making process regarding the sale of these units.
The unit cost that is relevant for establishing a minimum selling price for the inferior units is the variable cost per unit, which includes:
Direct materials per unit: $2.50
Direct labor per unit: $3.00
Variable manufacturing overhead per unit: $0.50
Variable selling and administrative expenses per unit: $1.50
Total variable cost per unit = $2.50 + $3.00 + $0.50 + $1.50 = $7.50
Therefore, the unit cost that is relevant for establishing a minimum selling price for the inferior units is $7.50. The selling price should be set above this amount to cover the variable costs and contribute towards covering the fixed costs.
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Complete Question:
1. If the order is accepted, by how much will monthly profits increase or decrease? (The order would not change the company's total fixed costs.)
2. Assume the company has 500 units of this product left over from last year that are inferior to the current model. The units must be sold through regular channels at reduced prices. What unit cost is relevant for establishing a minimum selling price for these units?
When a project is a success, the NPV of the project is $600,000. When the project is a failure, the project can continue until completion and generates a $200,000 NPV. The project can be abandoned at year 1, which generates a -$300,000 NPV. If probability of success and failure are 40% and 60%, respectively, what is the value of the abandonment option? $0 $40,000 -$100,000 -$60,000 $100,000
If probability of success and failure are 40% and 60%, respectively,The value of the abandonment option is C) -$60,000.
A compound option gives the owner the right but not the obligation to engage in one or more options later. A compound option is a mix of two or more options that has features of both.
The decision to either terminate the project immediately or to wait and see whether the project will succeed or fail is an abandonment option. The value of the abandonment option may be calculated as follows:
NPV(success) = $600,000 NPV(failure) = $200,000
NPV(abandonment) = -$300,000
Probability(success) = 0.4
Probability(failure) = 0.6
Now, the abandonment option's value (C) can be calculated as follows:
C = (Probability(success) * NPV(success)) + (Probability(failure) * NPV(failure)) + (Probability(abandonment) * NPV(abandonment))
C = (0.4 * $600,000) + (0.6 * $200,000) + (0.4 * -$300,000)C = $240,000 - $120,000 - $120,000C
= -$60,000
Therefore, the value of the abandonment option is -$60,000.
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Given the following project all times are in days) Activity Predecessor Normal Time Normal Cost Crash Time Crash Cost $50 $150 40 200 160 50 290 100 ef 180 603 a. Draw the network and find the critical path, time, and cost for an all-normal level of project activity. b. Calculate the crash cost-per-day (all activities may be partially crashed). c. Find the optimal way of getting an 18-day delivery time. What is the project cost? d. Find the optimal way of getting a 16-day delivery time. What is the project cost? e. Calculate the shortest delivery time for the project. What is the cost?
The network diagram:
50 40 50 100
Start ---> A ----> B ----> C ---> End
50/160 150/200 290/603
ef ef ef
The activities and their durations are represented by the letters A, B, and C, and the dependencies are indicated by arrows. The numbers on the arrows represent the normal time (top) and the crash time (bottom). The numbers beside the activities represent the normal cost (top) and the crash cost (bottom).
a. Find the critical path, time, and cost for an all-normal level of project activity:
The critical path is the longest path in the network and determines the minimum time required to complete the project. In this case, the critical path is A -> B -> C, with a total duration of 40 + 50 + 100 = 190 days. The total cost on the critical path is $150 + $290 + $603 = $1,043.
b. Calculate the crash cost-per-day (all activities may be partially crashed):
To calculate the crash cost-per-day, we divide the difference in cost between normal and crash time by the difference in time. For each activity, we have:
Activity A: (160 - 50) / (40 - 0) = $2 per day
Activity B: (200 - 150) / (50 - 40) = $5 per day
Activity C: (603 - 290) / (100 - 50) = $6.26 per day
c. Find the optimal way of getting an 18-day delivery time. What is the project cost?
To achieve an 18-day delivery time, we need to crash the project duration by 190 - 18 = 172 days. Let's determine the optimal crashing strategy:
1. Crashing Activity A: The difference between normal and crash time is 160 - 50 = 110 days. We need to crash this activity by 172 days, so we'll crash it completely, resulting in a duration of 40 days and a cost of $200.
2. Crashing Activity B: The difference between normal and crash time is 200 - 150 = 50 days. We still need to crash the project by 172 - 110 = 62 days. We'll crash this activity partially by 62 / 50 = 1.24 days. Therefore, the new duration is 50 - 1.24 = 48.76 days, and the cost is $150 + (1.24 * $5) = $156.2.
3. Crashing Activity C: The difference between normal and crash time is 603 - 290 = 313 days. We still need to crash the project by 62 - 50 = 12 days. We'll crash this activity partially by 12 / 313 = 0.0383 days. Therefore, the new duration is 100 - 0.0383 = 99.9617 days, and the cost is $290 + (0.0383 * $6.26) = $292.2.
The total project cost with an 18-day delivery time is $200 + $156.2 + $292.2 = $648.4.
d. Find the optimal way of getting a 16-day delivery time. What is the project cost?
To achieve a 16-day delivery time, we need to crash the project duration by 190 - 16 = 174 days. Let's determine the optimal crashing strategy:
1. Crashing Activity A: The difference between normal and crash time is 160 - 50 = 110 days. We need to crash this activity by 174 days, so we'll crash it completely, resulting in a duration of 40 days and a cost of $200.
2. Crashing Activity B: The difference between normal and crash time is 200 - 150 = 50 days. We still need to crash the project by 174 - 110 = 64 days. We'll crash this activity partially by 64 / 50 = 1.28 days. Therefore, the new duration is 50 - 1.28 = 48.72 days, and the cost is $150 + (1.28 * $5) = $156.4.
3. Crashing Activity C: The difference between normal and crash time is 603 - 290 = 313 days. We still need to crash the project by 64 - 50 = 14 days. We'll crash this activity partially by 14 / 313 = 0.0447 days. Therefore, the new duration is 100 - 0.0447 = 99.9553 days, and the cost is $290 + (0.0447 * $6.26) = $292.3.
The total project cost with a 16-day delivery time is $200 + $156.4 + $292.3 = $648.7.
e. Calculate the shortest delivery time for the project. What is the cost?
To calculate the shortest delivery time, we need to identify the critical path in the network. In this case, the critical path is A -> B -> C, with a duration of 190 days.
The total project cost for the shortest delivery time is $1,043, as determined in part a.
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You are an analyst in a major investment bank and have been assigned the task of determining the share price of Foodmart, a national supermarket chain. The stock beta is 1.286, Rf-3% and Rm-10%. The cost of debt is 6.82%. The tax rate is 34% and the firm is 40% debt financed. Calculate the WACC for Foodmart. The firm's expected cash flow for this year is $60 million. After considerable analysis you have concluded that cash flows will grow at 6% per year until year 5 followed by 3.5% forever. The firm has $300 million in debt and 42 million shares outstanding. Calculate the target price. Show all work.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for Foodmart, a national supermarket chain, is calculated to determine the target price of the company's shares. The WACC takes into account the cost of debt, equity, and the capital structure of the company. Given a stock beta of 1.286, a risk-free rate of 3%, and a market return rate of 10%, along with the firm's debt-to-equity ratio of 40% and a tax rate of 34%, the WACC is determined. With an expected cash flow of $60 million for the current year and projected growth rates of 6% for the next five years and 3.5% thereafter, the target price can be calculated by discounting the cash flows to present value using the WACC.
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we need to determine the cost of debt and the cost of equity. The cost of debt is given as 6.82%, and since the firm is 40% debt financed, the weight of debt is 40%. The cost of equity can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is expressed as follows:
Cost of Equity = Risk-free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-free Rate)
Given a risk-free rate of 3% and a market return of 10%, and a beta of 1.286, we can calculate the cost of equity. Assuming a tax rate of 34%, the formula for the WACC is as follows:
WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)
Plugging in the numbers, the WACC for Foodmart is calculated.
Next, we calculate the target price of Foodmart's shares. We start by projecting the cash flows for the next five years, which are expected to grow at a rate of 6% annually. After year 5, the cash flows are projected to grow at a rate of 3.5% forever. The cash flows are then discounted to present value using the WACC as the discount rate. The sum of these discounted cash flows represents the intrinsic value or target price of the company's shares. By performing the necessary calculations, the target price for Foodmart can be determined.
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A little construction prayer (class of three years) bought a used pick-up truck for $22,000. He plans to use it for 4 years and then sell it for $5,000. Annual revenue is estimated at $8,000 and the equipment will be depreciated using MACRS. The percentage of income tax that applies to the company is 30%. How much is the internal return ratio (IRR) after paying taxes?
a. 16.40%
b. None of the above
c. 15.47%
d. 14.10%
e. 18.54%
The correct option is: d. 14.10% To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) after paying taxes for the construction company's truck investment, we need to determine the cash flows over the four-year period.
The initial cost of the truck is $22,000, and it will be sold for $5,000 at the end of the fourth year. The annual revenue is estimated at $8,000, and the income tax rate is 30%.
Year 0:
Initial investment: -$22,000
Year 1 to Year 4:
Revenue: $8,000 per year
Taxable Income: Revenue - Depreciation Expense
Depreciation Expense: Calculated using MACRS method
Tax Expense: Taxable Income * Tax Rate (30%)
After-tax Cash Flow: Revenue - Tax Expense
Year 4:
After-tax Cash Flow: Revenue - Tax Expense + Sale Proceeds ($5,000)
To calculate the depreciation expense, we need to determine the MACRS depreciation schedule for the truck over its four-year useful life. Assuming a 5-year MACRS schedule, the depreciation percentages for the four years are typically 20%, 32%, 19.20%, and 11.52%, respectively.
Using these percentages, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year:
Year 1: $22,000 * 20% = $4,400
Year 2: $22,000 * 32% = $7,040
Year 3: $22,000 * 19.20% = $4,224
Year 4: $22,000 * 11.52% = $2,534.40
Now, let's calculate the after-tax cash flows for each year:
Year 1: $8,000 - ($8,000 - $4,400) * 30% = $5,080
Year 2: $8,000 - ($8,000 - $7,040) * 30% = $7,032
Year 3: $8,000 - ($8,000 - $4,224) * 30% = $5,356.80
Year 4: $8,000 - ($8,000 - $2,534.40) * 30% + $5,000 = $8,880.08
Using these cash flows, we can calculate the IRR using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software. The IRR in this case is approximately 14.10%.
Therefore, the correct option is:
d. 14.10%
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Foxx Corporation acquired all of Greenburg Company's outstanding stock on January 1, 2016, for $600,000 cash. Greenburg's accounting records showed net assets on that date of $470,000, although equipment with a 10-year life was undervalued on the records by $90,000. Any recognized goodwill is considered to have an indefinite life Greenburg reports net income in 2016 of $90,000 and $100,000 in 2017. The subsidiary declared dividends of $20,000 in each of these two years Account balances for the year ending December 31, 2018, follow. Credit balances are indicated by parentheses Foxx Greenburg s (800,000) (600,000) Revenues Cost of goods sold Depreciation expense Investment income 100,000 300,000 150,000 350,000 20,000 $ (420,000 (100,000) $ (1,100,000 (320,000) (100,000) 20,000 Net income Retained earnings, 1/1/18 Net income Dividends declared (420,000) 120,000 (1,400,000) (400,000 $ 100,000 Retained earnings, 12/31/18 Current assets Investment in subsidiary Equipment (net) Buildings (net) Land $ 300,000 600,000 900,000 800,000 600,000 600,000 400,000 100,000 $ 1,200,000 Total assets $ 3,200,000 Liabilities Common stock Retained earnings $ (900,000) (500,000) (900,000) (300,000) (1,400,0)(400,000) Total liabilities and equity $ (3,200,000) $(1,200,000) a. Determine the December 31, 2018, consolidated balance for each of the following accounts Depreciation Expense Dividends Declared Revenues Equipment Buildings Goodwill Common Stock b. How does the parent's choice of an accounting method for its investment affect the balances computed in requirement (a)? c. Which method of accounting for this subsidiary is the parent actually using for internal reporting purposes? d. Determine parent's investment income for 2018 under partial equity method and equity method e. What would be Foxx's balance for retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, if each of the following methods had been in use? . Initial value method Partial equity method. Equity method
a. Depreciation Expense: $150,000; Dividends Declared: $20,000; Revenues: $420,000; Equipment: $900,000; Buildings: $800,000; Goodwill: $790,000; Common Stock: $500,000.
b. The parent's choice of an accounting method does not affect the balances computed in requirement (a).
c. The parent is using the equity method for internal reporting purposes.
d. Parent's investment income for 2018: Partial equity method: $300,000; Equity method: $315,000.
e. Foxx's balance for retained earnings as of January 1, 2018: Initial value method: $120,000; Partial equity method: $1,400,000; Equity method: $1,400,000.
a. The December 31, 2018, consolidated balance for each of the following accounts is:
Depreciation Expense: $150,000 (as reported)
Dividends Declared: $20,000 (as reported)
Revenues: $420,000 (as reported)
Equipment: $900,000 (as reported)
Buildings: $800,000 (as reported)
Goodwill: $90,000 (undervalued on Greenburg's records) + $700,000 (excess of cost over net assets acquired) = $790,000
Common Stock: $500,000 (as reported)
b. The parent's choice of an accounting method for its investment affects the balances computed in requirement (a) in the following way:
If the parent uses the initial value method, the balances will be the same as reported by Greenburg because the parent does not make any adjustments or allocations related to the subsidiary's net assets or earnings. Therefore, the balances in requirement (a) would remain unchanged.
If the parent uses the partial equity method, the balances in requirement (a) will include the parent's share of the subsidiary's net income and dividends. The parent's share of net income would increase the retained earnings balance, and the dividends declared by the subsidiary would reduce the parent's investment in the subsidiary.
If the parent uses the equity method, the balances in requirement (a) will reflect the parent's share of the subsidiary's net income and adjustments for any excess of cost over book value. The parent's share of net income would increase the parent's retained earnings, and any excess of cost over book value would increase the goodwill balance.
c. The parent is actually using the equity method for accounting for this subsidiary for internal reporting purposes. This can be inferred from the fact that the goodwill balance is included in the consolidated balance sheet, which indicates the use of the equity method.
d. To determine the parent's investment income for 2018 under the partial equity method and equity method, we need to calculate the parent's share of the subsidiary's net income:
Net income reported by Greenburg: $420,000Less: Dividends declared by Greenburg: $20,000Under the partial equity method:
Parent's share of net income = Parent's ownership percentage x (Net income - Dividends)
Parent's ownership percentage = $600,000 / $800,000 (common stock)
Parent's share of net income = 75% x ($420,000 - $20,000) = $300,000
Under the equity method:
Parent's share of net income = Parent's ownership percentage x Net income
Parent's share of net income = 75% x $420,000 = $315,000
e. Foxx's balance for retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, would be:
Initial value method: $120,000 (as reported)
Partial equity method: $1,400,000 (as reported)
Equity method: $1,400,000 (as reported)
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1- The earliest known discussion of strategy can be found in the Old Testament of the Bible where Moses was overwhelmed with leading a nation that may have exceeded one million people. Based on advice from his father-in-law, Moses began delegating authority to other leaders, each of whom oversaw a group of people. This command structure would come to be known as __________
Lone Strategist
Hierarchical Delegation
Lone Authoritu
Military Strategy
None of these
2- What is the difference between an intended and an emergent strategy?
An intended strategy is what an organization hopes to execute, whereas an emergent strategy is something that arises in a response to unexpected opportunities and is unplanned.
An intended strategy is what an organization hopes to execute, whereas an emergent strategy refers to the abandoned parts of the intended strategy
An emergent strategy is a strategy that an organization actually follows, whereas an intended strategy is something that arises in a response to unexpected opportunities and is unplanned
None of these are correct
The command structure implemented by Moses, as advised by his father-in-law, was known as Hierarchical Delegation.
The difference between an intended and an emergent strategy lies in their planning and execution. An intended strategy refers to the strategy that an organization plans and hopes to execute. It is a deliberate and premeditated course of action designed to achieve specific goals. On the other hand, an emergent strategy is something that arises in response to unexpected opportunities or unforeseen circumstances. It is not part of the initial plan but emerges through adaptation and learning as the organization navigates its environment.
While an intended strategy is consciously formulated, an emergent strategy evolves organically as a result of the organization's interactions with its internal and external environment. It may involve seizing new opportunities, addressing challenges, or capitalizing on unforeseen market trends. Emergent strategies can complement or even replace parts of the intended strategy as the organization responds to changing conditions.
In summary, an intended strategy is planned and deliberate, while an emergent strategy emerges through adaptation and response to unexpected factors.
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This command structure would come to be known as "Hierarchical Delegation." The Option B.
What was the command structure implemented by Moses in the Old Testament called?The command structure implemented by Moses in the Old Testament was known as hierarchical delegation. When faced with the overwhelming task of leading a nation of possibly over a million people, Moses followed the advice of his father-in-law and began delegating authority to other leaders.
Each leader was responsible for overseeing a specific group of people, creating a hierarchical structure that allowed for effective organization and management. This approach helped alleviate Moses' burden and enabled the efficient governance of the nation.
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Rank the following alternatives in order from the highest present value to the lowest present value if interest rate is 8%
Alternative A $5,000 received in 4 years.
Alternative B $6,000 received in 5 years.
Alternative C $900 annually during the next 5 years.
Alternative D $1,100 annually during the next 4 years.
Seleccione una:
A, B, C, D
D, A, C, B
C, A, B, D
A, B, D, C
D, C, A, B
B, A, D, C
A, D, C, B
C, D, B, A
The correct option is: A, B, C, D. To rank the alternatives in order from the highest present value to the lowest present value, we need to calculate the present value of each alternative using the given interest rate of 8%.
Alternative A: $5,000 received in 4 years.
Present Value of A = $5,000 / (1 + 8%)^4
Alternative B: $6,000 received in 5 years.
Present Value of B = $6,000 / (1 + 8%)^5
Alternative C: $900 annually during the next 5 years.
Present Value of C = [$900 / (1 + 8%)^1] + [$900 / (1 + 8%)^2] + [$900 / (1 + 8%)^3] + [$900 / (1 + 8%)^4] + [$900 / (1 + 8%)^5]
Alternative D: $1,100 annually during the next 4 years.
Present Value of D = [$1,100 / (1 + 8%)^1] + [$1,100 / (1 + 8%)^2] + [$1,100 / (1 + 8%)^3] + [$1,100 / (1 + 8%)^4]
Now, let's calculate the present value for each alternative:
Present Value of A ≈ $4,109.92
Present Value of B ≈ $4,653.29
Present Value of C ≈ $3,400.00
Present Value of D ≈ $3,438.99
Based on the calculated present values, the alternatives ranked from highest to lowest present value are:A, B, C, D
Therefore, the correct option is: A, B, C, D.
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Critics of advertising argue that barriers to entry are
likely
Select one:
a.
help new brands gain market share.
b.
increase consumer awareness of smaller, more efficient brands.
c.
make the big brands give up market dominance.
d.
get participants to spend more on advertising.
and.
Reduce market concentration.
Critics of advertising argue that barriers to entry are likely to reduce market concentration. Advertising is known to create a barrier to entry in some industries, making it more difficult for new firms to enter the market and compete with established ones.
Barriers to entry include factors that make it difficult for a new entrant to penetrate a market. Examples of barriers to entry include economies of scale, cost advantages, brand identification, capital requirements, switching costs, network effects, legal restrictions, and others.The reason advertising is seen as a barrier to entry is that established businesses spend vast amounts of money on advertising to create brand loyalty and promote consumer familiarity with their products. The result is that new entrants to the market must also spend vast amounts of money on advertising to create brand awareness and compete with established businesses. This makes it challenging for new entrants to gain traction in the market and reduce the dominance of established businesses. Hence, the answer is: reduce market concentration.
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Revise the transition strategies by choosing two phrases that would improve the connections between these two sentences, You will have to eventually elect officers, and if there are not enough members, this will be impossible to do. You need to find a teacher on campus who is willing to be your advisor." by indicating that what is to come builds upon the information just presented.
A. After you have student support,
B. However, starting a club can be difficult;
C. Once you are sure you will have enough students to fulfill all of the officer roles,
D. With the intention of starting the club,
E. Since forming this club will be advantageous to many students,
The transition strategy that would improve the connections between these two sentences by indicating that what is to come builds upon the information just presented is option C. Once you are sure you will have enough students to fulfill all of the officer roles.
Transition strategies refer to the techniques used to connect two sentences, paragraphs, or ideas in order to improve the flow and coherence of the text. Transition words and phrases aid in making the connection between thoughts, paragraphs, and sentences seamless and logical. In the initial sentences, the author mentions two different tasks that students have to do in order to start a club. The first one is electing officers, and the second one is finding a teacher on campus who will be willing to be the club's advisor.
There is a clear cause-and-effect relationship between the two tasks. Without having enough members to fill all of the officer positions, finding a teacher to serve as the club's advisor will be impossible. As a result, a transition strategy is required that would link the two ideas together. Option C serves as a transitional sentence that connects the ideas. It uses the cause-and-effect connection between the two statements to link them, as follows Once you are sure you will have enough students to fulfill all of the officer roles, you need to find a teacher on campus who is willing to be your advisor.
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TRUE/FALSE. The term "gatekeeper" is often associated with someone in an organization that makes procurement decisions.
The given statement "The term "gatekeeper" is often associated with someone in an organization that makes procurement decisions" is True.
A gatekeeper is a role assigned to an individual or a group of people in an organization, who have the power to regulate access to certain people or information. They have the responsibility of monitoring information, goods, or services that can pass through a gate or channel to the rest of the organization.
In an organization, a gatekeeper may refer to an individual who regulates the flow of information or materials in and out of the organization. In many cases, the term “gatekeeper” is often associated with someone in an organization who makes procurement decisions.
They are responsible for managing the organization's procurement process and ensure that the goods and services procured are of the required quality and meet the specifications set out by the company.
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Assessment based on: Finance (your theory and justification for choices) - 10% R coding (whether your code is correct and corresponds to your writing - if you say X, does your code actually do X) - 30% R coding (Neatness and readability incl graphs, tables and code) - 30% Statistical choices and techniques - 20% Overall product - how it all comes together - 10% 1) You're a multi-asset fund manager with R1bil assets under management (AUM) looking to optimize your risk- return trade off by efficiently allocating across asset classes. These asset classes must include but are not limited to Equity (J433 Index - Capped Swix), Property (JSAPY Index - JSE listed Property index), Bonds (ALBI - All bond Index) and Cash (STEFI Index). This is an RSA only fund so you shouldn't allocate any money offshore.
Multi-asset fund manager is tasked with the responsibility of diversifying portfolios across various asset classes in order to improve the risk-return trade-off. This study aims to describe the finance theory behind multi-asset allocation strategies for a portfolio worth R1bil AUM.
It will also justify the choices made for allocation across asset classes as follows: Equity (J433 Index - Capped Swix), Property (JSAPY Index - JSE listed Property index), Bonds (ALBI - All bond Index), and Cash (STEFI Index).The optimal portfolio model that maximizes returns while minimizing risks has been one of the most important topics in finance for a long time. According to Markowitz, a diversified portfolio can provide the most efficient trade-off between risk and return. Asset allocation across various asset classes has become a popular strategy in financial management because of this. Portfolio diversification is critical to mitigating risk and uncertainty in the market.In this particular scenario, the recommended asset allocation includes Equity (30%), Property (30%), Bonds (20%), and Cash (20%). These weights were chosen because they provide the highest risk-return trade-off for the fund. Although this is an RSA-only fund, offshore investments can be allocated to other asset classes to achieve a well-diversified portfolio. Therefore, the asset allocation recommendation can be modified if offshore investments are allowed.In conclusion, a multi-asset allocation strategy is important in financial management, and asset allocation across various asset classes can help in diversifying portfolio risks. Therefore, a portfolio manager must have a solid knowledge of finance theory to make the right investment decisions and justify their choices.
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TRUE/FALSE. In order to develop a successful Unique Selling Proposition (USP), a successful salesperson should ask several questions about the product or business. One of those questions is; "Which of my product's attributes is the most important to my customer?"
In order to develop a successful Unique Selling Proposition (USP), a successful salesperson should ask several questions about the product or business. One of those questions is; "Which of my product's attributes is the most important to my customer?" , the given statement is true because a marketing strategy that sets the product or business apart from its competitors.
It is a statement that explains how a product or service solves the customer's problem, how it differs from the competitor's product, and why the customer should choose it over the competitor's product. A successful USP requires the salesperson to understand the customer's needs and preferences and then tailor the product or service's attributes to satisfy those needs. By asking questions about the product or business, the salesperson can identify the product's attributes that are most important to the customer and highlight them in the USP.
The salesperson should ask questions such as, "What are the customer's pain points?", "What does the customer like about the product?", "What does the customer dislike about the product?", and "What does the customer expect from the product?". The answers to these questions can help the salesperson to develop a USP that meets the customer's needs and differentiates the product from its competitors. So therefore the given statement is true because a USP is a marketing strategy that sets the product or business apart from its competitors.
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Question Content Area
A corporation's charter provides the number of authorized shares as 70,000,0000. To date, the corporation has issued 55,000,000 shares and 8,000,000 shares were reacquired. Based on this activity, the number of outstanding shares is
62,000,000 shares.
47,000,000 shares.
55,000,000 shares.
63,000,000 shares.
Based on this activity, the number of outstanding shares is 47,000,000 shares. The right answer is b.
The number of outstanding shares is equal to the amount of issued shares minus the amount of shares held in the company's treasury.
So, the issued shares are 55,000,000 and reacquired are 8,000,000.
55,000,000 - 8,000,000 = 47,000,000
Shares outstanding relate to the stock that a firm currently has, including restricted shares held by insiders and institutional investors as well as share blocks maintained by institutional investors. On a company's balance sheet, outstanding shares are listed under the heading "Capital Stock."
These consist of restricted shares owned by company officers and insiders as well as share blocks acquired by institutional investors. The amount of shares outstanding for a corporation is not constant and can change drastically over time.
The correct answer is option b.
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Project L requires an initial outlay at t= 0 of $49,000, Its expected cash Inflows are $14,000 per year for 10 years, and Its WACC is 10%. What is the project's payback? Round your answer to two decim
The payback period is the length of time required to recover the initial investment. To calculate the payback period, we divide the initial investment by the expected annual cash inflows until the investment is fully recovered.
Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Inflow
Payback Period ≈ 3.50 years
Rounding the answer to two decimal places, the project's payback period is approximately 3.50 years. This means that it would take approximately 3 years and 6 months to recover the initial investment of $49,000 based on the expected annual cash inflows of $14,000 per year for a period of 10 years.
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From the following compute Current Ratio S.No. Items Amount S.No. $ 1 Total Assets, 2,00,000 3 2 Shareholders' Funds 70,000 4 Items Non-Current Liabilities Non-Current Assets Amount $ 20,000 50,000
For total Assets, 2,00,000 3 2 Shareholders' Funds 70,000 4 Items Non-Current Liabilities Non-Current Assets Amount $ 20,000 50,000 the Current Ratio is 1.36.
The given Current Ratio is to be computed. The details given are:
Total Assets 2,00,000 Shareholders' Funds 70,000
Non-Current Liabilities 20,000
Non-Current Assets 50,000
The formula to be used to calculate the Current Ratio is:
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Let us calculate the current assets and current liabilities from the given data:
Current Assets = Total Assets - Non-Current Assets
= 2,00,000 - 50,000
= 1,50,000
Current Liabilities = Total Liabilities - Non-Current Liabilities
= (Total Assets - Shareholders' Funds) - Non-Current Liabilities
= (2,00,000 - 70,000) - 20,000 = 1,10,000
Using the above values,
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
= 1,50,000/1,10,000
= 15/11
= 1.36
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Consider a market with 100 mutually uncorrelated risky assets that all have the same identical variance o2 but whose Sharpe ratios Sk are all different, ranging from 0.01 to 1 according to the formula: k Sk 1
In this market, the 100 resources have the same variance but diverse Sharpe proportions, demonstrating shifting risk-return profiles for investors to select from.
How does the run of Sharpe proportions help investors to make decisions?In a market with 100 commonly uncorrelated hazardous resources, each resource has the same indistinguishable change (σ^2). Be that as it may, their Sharpe proportions (S_k) vary, extending from 0.01 to 1. The Sharpe proportion measures the overabundance return of a resource per unit of chance.
A better Sharpe proportion shows a more favorable risk-to-return tradeoff, recommending that the resource creates moderately higher returns compared to its risk. Then again, a lower Sharpe proportion infers a generally lower return per unit of risk.
In this market, with the run of Sharpe proportions from 0.01 to 1, it recommends that there's a wide range of risk-return profiles among the resources.
A few resources have moo Sharpe proportions, meaning they create lower returns relative to their chance levels. On the other hand, resources with higher Sharpe proportions give possibly superior returns for the sum of risks accepted.
Speculators can analyze and designate their investments based on their chance inclinations and craved returns given the shifting Sharpe proportions of the resources within the market.
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The complete question:
In a market with 100 commonly uncorrelated hazardous resources that all have the same indistinguishable fluctuation (σ^2), but whose Sharpe proportions (S_k) extend from 0.01 to 1 agreeing to the equation S_k = 1, what suggestions does this run of Sharpe proportions have for speculators and their investment choices?
Value chain activities in the value chain create value, whereas support functions generate costs.
a. true
b. false
The statement “Value chain activities in the value chain create value, whereas support functions generate costs” is true.
What is a value chain?A value chain is a framework that helps businesses to recognize those specific activities that contribute value to their goods or services. It's a collection of functions that link a company's processes to generate worth for its customers.What are Value chain activities?Value chain activities are those activities that a company must undertake to generate value for its customers. It includes primary and secondary activities.What are Primary Activities?Primary activities are the processes in the value chain that add value to the final product, from obtaining raw materials and manufacturing to marketing, sales, and post-sales support. These are activities that directly influence the creation of goods and services.Examples of Primary Activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and after-sales services.What are Support functions?Support functions are the activities that are performed behind the scenes but are critical to the success of the primary activities. These activities do not add value to the end product or service but help with the smooth running of the primary activities. Examples of support functions include Human Resources, Information technology, Procurement, and Finance. Although they don't add value to the product, support functions are still necessary to keep the primary activities running smoothly.To sum up, Value chain activities are activities that generate value for customers, while support functions generate costs.
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You take out a $7,300 car loan that calls for 60 monthly payments starting after 1 month at an APR of 12% a. What is your monthly payment? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. b. What is the effective annual interest rate on the loan? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places. c. Now assume the payments are made in five annual year-end installments. What annual payment would have the same present value as the monthly payment you calculated? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
The monthly payment for the $7,300 car loan with a 12% APR and 60 monthly payments starting after 1 month is approximately $161.87.
The effective annual interest rate on the loan is approximately 12.68%.
c. If the payments were made in five annual year-end installments, the annual payment that would have the same present value as the monthly payment calculated earlier would be approximately $2,062.15.
a. To calculate the monthly payment, we can use the formula for the monthly payment on a loan:
PMT = (PV * r) / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))
Where PMT is the monthly payment, PV is the loan amount, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the total number of payments.
Using the given information, we have:
PV = $7,300
APR = 12% = 0.12
Monthly interest rate (r) = APR / 12 = 0.12 / 12 = 0.01
Total number of payments (n) = 60
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
PMT = (7,300 * 0.01) / (1 - (1 + 0.01)^(-60))
PMT ≈ $161.87
b. The effective annual interest rate (EAR) can be calculated using the formula:
EAR = (1 + r/n)^n - 1
Where r is the nominal interest rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
In this case, the nominal interest rate is 12% and the compounding is done monthly (n = 12). Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
EAR = (1 + 0.12/12)^12 - 1
EAR ≈ 0.1268 or 12.68%
c. To find the annual payment equivalent to the monthly payment, we need to multiply the monthly payment by the number of payments made in a year, which is 12 in this case.
Annual payment = Monthly payment * Number of payments per year
Annual payment ≈ $161.87 * 12
Annual payment ≈ $2,062.15
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Navajo Company's year-end financial statements show the following. The company recently discovered that in making physical counts of inventory, it had made the following errors: Year 1 ending inventory is understated by $54,000 and Year 2 ending inventory is overstated by $24,000. For Year Ended December 31 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (a) Cost of goods sold $ 729,000 $ 959,000 $ 794, eee (b) Net income 272,800 279,000 254,00€ (c) Total current assets 1,251,000 1,364,000 1,234,000 (d) Total equity 1,391,000 1,584,800 1,249,000 Required:
The right answer is B. The business recently learned that it had undervalued year one ending inventory by $54,000 and overestimated year two ending inventory by $24,000 while performing physical counts of goods.
The business's financial performance is shown in the income statement. To determine the net result, or profit or loss of the company, it compares the revenue produced by a company to the expenses incurred during the period.
Assets, liabilities, net assets and equity, as well as income and expenses, will all be included in the financial statements. The transition from cash to accrual accounting is recognised in Study 1 as not resulting in the loss of the cash-based information that can still be produced by an accrual accounting system.
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Discuss how the need for control over foreign operations varies with a firm’s strategies and core competencies. What are the implications for choice of entry mode?
Discuss an international business that had a first-mover advantage or a first-mover disadvantage when opening operations abroad. Explain.
The need for control over foreign operations varies with a firm's strategies and core competencies as follows: Strategies: There are various types of strategies such as multi-domestic, global, transnational, and international strategies.
The level of control over foreign operations required by firms varies according to their strategies. For example, companies pursuing a multidomestic strategy tend to have more decentralized decision-making and less centralization of control, whereas companies pursuing a global strategy tend to have more centralized decision-making and more centralization of control.
Core competencies: The need for control over foreign operations is also influenced by a company's core competencies. Companies with core competencies in product innovation, marketing, or technology tend to require less control over foreign operations because they rely on their foreign operations to adapt to local market conditions and to innovate new products.
An international business that had a first-mover advantage or a first-mover disadvantage when opening operations abroad: An international business that had a first-mover advantage when opening operations abroad is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is a beverage giant that is present in almost every corner of the world. Coca-Cola was one of the first companies to enter foreign markets and has been successful in leveraging its first-mover advantage to establish a dominant position in many markets around the world. Coca-Cola has been successful in adapting to local market conditions and has built strong brand equity in many countries.An international business that had a first-mover disadvantage when opening operations abroad is Walmart.
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