It is possible for one country to have the comparative advantage in producing both goods. This is because comparative advantage is based on opportunity cost.
Comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost compared to another country. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of producing a good in terms of the next best alternative that has to be given up.In the case where two countries have two goods, it is possible for one country to have a comparative advantage in producing both goods. This is because comparative advantage is based on opportunity cost. If a country has a lower opportunity cost in producing both goods compared to the other country, then it has a comparative advantage in producing both goods.
Country A and Country B both produce cars and computers. If Country A has a comparative advantage in producing cars and also has a lower opportunity cost of producing computers compared to Country B, then Country A has a comparative advantage in producing both cars and computers. This is because Country A can produce both cars and computers at a lower opportunity cost compared to Country B.
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1. Which of the following statements is true?
a) learners are generally more satisfied w/online instruction relative to classroom instruction
b) online instruction has been found to be effective for all learners
c) classroom instruction is more effective than online instruction for teaching declarative knowledge
d) online instruction and classroom instruction are equally effective when similar instructional methods are used
2. A CEO is likely more concerned with summative evaluation relative to formative evaluation.
a) True
b) False
1. The statement that is true out of the following given options is "C) Classroom instruction is more effective than online instruction for teaching declarative knowledge".
According to research studies, classroom instruction is more effective for teaching declarative knowledge, such as facts and concepts. Online instruction is more effective for teaching procedural knowledge, such as how to perform a task or solve a problem. Although online instruction can be effective, it is not always the best option for teaching all types of material.
2. The statement "A) True" is correct that a CEO is likely more concerned with summative evaluation relative to formative evaluation. Summative evaluation refers to the final evaluation or assessment of an individual's performance in a program. It assesses whether or not the desired outcomes of the program have been achieved. Summative evaluation aims to provide a judgment on the quality of a program, product, or performance. In contrast, formative evaluation provides feedback to the individual throughout the learning process and helps to improve performance.
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Consider the demand and supply curves D = 240 -1/4 P and S = 2P-30. (a) Find the equilibrium price P and the corresponding quantity Q'. (b) Suppose a tax of 4.50 per unit is imposed on the producer. How will this influence the equilibrium price?
(a) To find the equilibrium price and corresponding quantity, we need to set the demand equal to the supply and solve for P. Equating the demand and supply equations, we have:
240 - 1/4 P = 2P - 30
Multiplying through by 4 to eliminate fractions:
960 - P = 8P - 120
Combining like terms:
9P = 1080
Dividing both sides by 9:
P = 120
Substituting this value back into either the demand or supply equation, we can find the corresponding quantity Q':
Q' = 240 - 1/4 * 120
= 240 - 30
= 210
Therefore, the equilibrium price is $120 and the corresponding quantity is 210 units.
(b) When a tax of $4.50 per unit is imposed on the producer, the equilibrium price will increase by the amount of the tax. In this case, the equilibrium price will rise from $120 to $120 + $4.50 = $124.50. This increase in price occurs because the tax increases the cost for producers, which in turn affects the supply curve. As a result, the new equilibrium price will be higher to account for the higher production costs.
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The Manama Co is considering adding a new product line that is expected to increase annual sales by $342.000 and expenses by $230.000 The project will qui $29625 in fasts that wil depreciated using the straight-line method to a zero book value over the 3-year life of the project. The company has a marginal tax rate of 36 percent What is the depreciation tax shield?
the Manama Co's new product line project has a depreciation expense of $29,625, and with a marginal tax rate of 36%, it results in a depreciation tax shield of $10,650.
The depreciation tax shield refers to the tax savings generated by deducting depreciation expenses from taxable income. It represents the amount of taxes saved due to the depreciation deduction.
To calculate the depreciation tax shield, we need to multiply the depreciation expense by the tax rate. In this case, the depreciation expense is $29,625 and the tax rate is 36%.
Depreciation Tax Shield = Depreciation Expense * Tax Rate
Depreciation Tax Shield = $29,625 * 0.36
Depreciation Tax Shield = $10,650
Therefore, the depreciation tax shield for the Manama Co's new product line project is $10,650.
The depreciation tax shield plays an important role in reducing a company's tax liability. By deducting depreciation expenses from taxable income, the company can lower its taxable income and consequently reduce the amount of taxes it needs to pay. In this case, the Manama Co's new product line project has a depreciation expense of $29,625, and with a marginal tax rate of 36%, it results in a depreciation tax shield of $10,650. This amount represents the tax savings that the company can enjoy due to the depreciation deduction.
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QUESTION 2
A ____ is anything that can be consumed directly or used to produce something else
QUESTION 3 A price elasticity of demand coefficient of (2.5) indicates that a four percent (4%) change in the price of a good will cause a ___ percent change in the quantity. QUESTION 4 An increase in income will cause ___ in equilibrium price and in ___ equilibrium quantity for a normal good. QUESTION 5 A ___ is a limit on the amount of a good that can be imported.
Question 2Answer:A resource is anything that can be consumed directly or used to produce something else.A resource is a substance or compound in the natural environment that can be put to use by humans to fulfill their needs or wants.
Question 3Answer: A price elasticity of demand coefficient of (2.5) indicates that a four percent (4%) change in the price of a good will cause a ten percent (10%) change in the quantity.
Question 4Answer:An increase in income will cause an increase in equilibrium price and in equilibrium quantity for a normal good.
Question 5Answer:An import quota is a limit on the amount of a good that can be imported. It restricts the amount of goods that may be imported to the country.
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Is there a limit to government spending in regards to keynesian
economics?
Can we print as much money to increase consumer spending and
allow the aggregate to shift to the right
There is a limit to government spending in Keynesian economics, and printing money excessively to increase consumer spending is not a sustainable or effective approach.
Keynesian economics emphasizes the role of government spending in stimulating aggregate demand and boosting economic activity during times of recession or low growth.
However, this does not imply that there are no limits to government spending. Excessive government spending can lead to inflation, as the increased money supply reduces the value of each unit of currency. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers, leading to negative consequences such as higher prices and reduced economic stability.
While increasing consumer spending can stimulate the economy, it is crucial to maintain a balance and avoid excessive money creation.
Printing too much money can lead to hyperinflation, which ultimately undermines the effectiveness of the policy and can have severe economic consequences. Therefore, prudent fiscal and monetary policies are necessary to ensure sustainable economic growth and stability.
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Each student will prepare a PowerPoint presentation (8 slides minimum) that presents a synopsis of an article from a peer reviewed academic journal. The article should focus on organizational leadership and will be integrated into your capstone research paper. The article needs to have been published within the past 10 years. These assignments will be due by 11:59 PM (Eastern) on Sunday of each Module in which they are assigned.
As per the given statement, students will have to prepare a PowerPoint presentation that must be 8 slides minimum and presents a synopsis of an article from a peer-reviewed academic journal.
The article should focus on organizational leadership and will be integrated into the capstone research paper. The article needs to have been published within the past 10 years. These assignments will be due by 11:59 PM (Eastern) on Sunday of each Module in which they are assigned.In summary, the students are asked to prepare a PowerPoint presentation that must contain 8 slides minimum and presents a summary of an article from a peer-reviewed academic journal. The article should be published within the past 10 years and the topic must focus on organizational leadership. These assignments are to be submitted before 11:59 PM (Eastern) on Sunday of each Module in which they are assigned.
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The maintenance cost of a certain equipment is P40,000 per year for the first 5 years, P60,000 per year for the next 5 years, cost of overhaul at the end of the 5th and 8th year is P140,000. Find the equivalent uniform annual cost of maintenance if money is worth 6% compounded annually.
The equivalent uniform annual cost of maintenance is P1,995.25.
In order to calculate the equivalent uniform annual cost of maintenance we have to calculate the present value of the costs and overhaul costs and find the equivalent uniform annual cost of maintenance.
Let the equivalent uniform annual cost be X. Then the present value of the costs and overhaul costs is given by,PV = X(A/P, i%, 5) + 40000(A/P, i%, 5) + 60000(A/P, i%, 5, 10) + 140000(P/F, i%, 5) + 140000(P/F, i%, 8)
Where A/P is the annual equivalent worth factor and P/F is the present worth factor.
Given, i = 6%
Let's evaluate the terms of the above equation
PV = X(A/P, 6%, 5) + 40000(A/P, 6%, 5) + 60000(A/P, 6%, 5, 10) + 140000(P/F, 6%, 5) + 140000(P/F, 6%, 8)PV = X × 3.4651 + 40000 × 3.4651 + 60000 × 5.7598 + 140000 × 0.7473 + 140000 × 0.6302
PV = 3.4651X + 138,604.83
Now, let's equate the present worth to the present worth of the equivalent uniform annual cost, that is,
PV = X(A/P, i%, n) / i X = (PV × i) / (A/P, i%, n) X = (138604.83 × 0.06) / (4.9877) X = P1,995.25
Therefore, the equivalent uniform annual cost of maintenance is P1,995.25.
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With a 3.0% inflation rate (Spreadsheet 21.2), by how much would your retirement annuity grow if you increase the savings rate by 0.9%? (Round your percentage answer to 2 decimal places.) Growth in retirement annuity % a-2. Is the benefit greater in the face of inflation? Yes O No A real retirement plan 1 2 3 4 5 9 19 29 39 40 A Retirement Years 25 Age 30 31 35 45 55 65 Total B Income Growth 0.07 Income 50,000 53,500 70,128 137952 271,372 533.829 7,445,673 с Rate of Inflation 0.03 Deflator 1.00 1.03 1.16 1.56 2,09 2.81 D Savings Rate 0.15 Saving 7.500 8,025 10.519 20,693 40,706 80,074 1,116,851 E ROR 0.06 Cumulative Savings 7,500 15,975 61,658 308,859 943,477 2.457.518 Real Annuity F TROR 0.0291 Consumption 42,500 44,150 51.419 75.264 110,167 161.257 49.668 1 2 3 4 5 39 A Retirement Years 25 Age 30 31 65 B с Income Growth Rate of Inflation 0.07 0.03 Income Deflator SOC00 1 =B4 (1+SBS2) ECA (I+SC$2) -B38*(1+SBS2) -C38 (14$C$2) SUM(B4:39) D E Savings Rate ROR 0.15 0.06 Savings Cumulative Savings -B4 SDS2 -D4 -B5 SDS2 =E41+SES2)+DS -B39"SDS2 -E38'(1+SES2)+D39 SUM(4:39) Real Annuity F TROR =(E2-C2/(1+C2) Consumption =(B4-D4/C4 =(B5-DS/CS (B39-D39)/C39 =PMT(SF$2.SA$2,- SES39/SC$39,0,0) 40 Total
Explanation:The savings rate is increased by 0.9%, therefore it becomes 0.15 + 0.009 = 0.159 or 15.9%.Using the formula:
New savings = Old savings * (1 + Savings rate)Year 1 savings = $7,500 * (1 + 0.159) = $8,642.50Year 2 savings = $8,642.50 * (1 + 0.159) = $9,962.54Year 3 savings = $10,961.54 * (1 + 0.159) = $12,668.61Therefore, the growth in the retirement annuity = (12,668.61 - 7,500)/7,500= 0.69 = 69%.
Hence, the growth in the retirement annuity is 69% when the savings rate is increased by 0.9% even in the face of inflation. So, the main answer is as follows.The growth in retirement annuity is 69% if you increase the savings rate by 0.9%. Is the benefit greater in the face of inflation? Yes.
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what are benefits reused book kiosk which get paid in
library?
saving for the students
2.Affordable price give to reused books( can save the money)
Explain the number 1 and 2?
(20 marks)
1. One of the benefits of reusing book kiosks in the library is that it helps to save money for the students.
2. Another benefit of the reused book kiosk in the library is that it offers affordable prices for reused books.
1. Benefits of reused book kiosks in the library that save for the students: One of the benefits of reused book kiosks in the library is that it helps to save money for the students. Students can access textbooks, reference books, and other materials at a very affordable price. This is a good way to save money, especially for students who cannot afford to buy new books. Moreover, this program can promote academic success and help students to excel in their studies. It is a great way to encourage reading and learning.
2. Benefits of reused book kiosk in the library that give affordable price to reused books: Another benefit of the reused book kiosk in the library is that it offers affordable prices for reused books. This program encourages students to recycle old textbooks and other reading materials. The students can sell their used books to the library and get some money back. This is a great way to encourage recycling and sustainability. Additionally, students can access affordable books, which can help them save money for other needs. Overall, reused book kiosk in the library provides a great opportunity for students to access books and reading materials at an affordable price. It also promotes academic success, encourages recycling, and contributes to sustainability.
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Which of the following most involves a sequence of activities and organizations that is involved in producing and delivering a good or service
A. pollution control
B. quality management
C. supply chain management
D. competition from foreign manufacturers
E. budget management
The following involves a sequence of activities and organizations that are involved in producing and delivering a good or service: C- supply chain management.
Supply chain management involves a sequence of activities and organizations that are involved in producing and delivering a good or service. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including procurement, production, transportation, warehousing, and delivery, among others.
Supply chain management is the coordination and management of all the activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service. It includes the coordination of activities such as procurement, production, transportation, warehousing, and delivery, among others.
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What is the future of the knowledge management?
The future of knowledge management is very bright and promising. Knowledge management is the process of creating, sharing, using, and managing knowledge and information within an organization. It aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization by leveraging the knowledge and expertise of its employees and stakeholders. The increasing use of technology, the rise of big data, and the globalization of businesses are some of the trends that will shape the future of knowledge management.
The advancements in technology will lead to the development of more sophisticated knowledge management systems that can better capture, store, and disseminate knowledge. Machine learning and artificial intelligence will play a significant role in this transformation. They will enable organizations to better manage and analyze vast amounts of data, extract meaningful insights, and make more informed decisions. The rise of big data will also create new opportunities for knowledge management. Organizations will be able to leverage data to identify patterns, trends, and opportunities. They will be able to use this information to create new products, services, and business models. Globalization will also impact the future of knowledge management. With businesses operating in multiple countries and languages, knowledge management systems will need to be designed to support cross-cultural and multilingual communication. They will also need to be adaptable to local cultures and customs.
In conclusion, the future of knowledge management is very promising. With the increasing use of technology, the rise of big data, and the globalization of businesses, knowledge management will play an essential role in the success of organizations. The challenge will be to develop knowledge management systems that can adapt to the changing needs and requirements of organizations in the future.
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A new investment opportunity for you is an annuity that pays $3,300 at the beginning of each year for 3 years. You could earn 5.5% on your money in other investments with equal risk. What is the most you should pay for the annuity?
The most you should pay for the annuity that pays $3,300 at the beginning of each year for 3 years, considering an alternative investment opportunity with a 5.5% return, can be calculated using the present value of an annuity formula. The value is approximately $9,135.
To determine the most you should pay for the annuity, you need to calculate its present value based on the alternative investment opportunity's return rate of 5.5%. The present value of an annuity formula can be used for this calculation.
The formula for the present value of an annuity is:
PV = PMT × [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r],
where PV is the present value, PMT is the annuity payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the annuity payment is $3,300, the interest rate is 5.5%, and the number of periods is 3.
Using the formula, the calculation would be:
PV = $3,300 × [(1 - (1 + 0.055)^(-3)) / 0.055],
which results in a present value of approximately $9,135.
Therefore, the most you should pay for the annuity is approximately $9,135 to make it a fair investment compared to earning a 5.5% return on your money through other investments with equal risk.
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(T/F) The demand function for apple juice in Davis is P=200-0.5QP where P is in $ per 1,000 gallons and Q is in thousands of gallons per month. Currently consumers in Davis drink 20,000 gallons of apple juice each month. Total revenue from apple juice sale will increase when the price goes up slightly.
False. Total revenue from apple juice sales will not increase when the price goes up slightly.
The demand function for apple juice in Davis is given as P = 200 - 0.5Q, where P represents the price in dollars per 1,000 gallons and Q represents the quantity demanded in thousands of gallons per month. Currently, the quantity demanded is 20,000 gallons per month. To determine the effect of a slight price increase on total revenue, we need to consider the price elasticity of demand. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.
In this case, the demand function shows that the price coefficient is -0.5, indicating an elastic demand. When demand is elastic, a price increase leads to a proportionally larger decrease in quantity demanded. As a result, the increase in price would lead to a more than proportionate decrease in quantity demanded, causing total revenue to decrease. Therefore, the statement that total revenue from apple juice sales will increase when the price goes up slightly is false.
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Assumptions and requirements for Goal Seeking . Calculate Gross Profit and Totals in the yellow cells of the table. Use "Goal Seeking" worksheet for the following Goal Seeking What-if Analysis: a) If you want the gross profit to be $150,000 when the Target Units Sold for products B and C are given (4500 and 2300 units each) and they cannot be changed. Use Goal Seeking feature to find out how many units of Product A you need to sell to reach the $150,000 Total Gross Profit goal. Copy and paste as values your answer to J14 (highlighted in orange) in worksheet "Goal Seek & Scenario Manager". b)1) If you want the gross profit to be $200,000 when the Target Units Sold for products B and C are given (4500 and 2300 units each) and they cannot be changed Use Goal Seeking feature to find out how many units of Product A you need to sell to reach the $200,000 Total Gross Profit goal. Copy and paste as values your answer to J15 highlighted in orange) in worksheet "Goal Seek & Scenario Manager"
Goal Seeking is a tool that is used to identify the input required to reach a particular goal or output. One can use the Goal Seek feature to find out how many units of Product
A must be sold to achieve the $150,000 and $200,000 Total Gross Profit goals. Given the Target Units Sold for products B and C (4500 and 2300 units each), we will calculate the Gross Profit and Totals in the yellow cells of the table. We can use the Goal Seeking worksheet for the following Goal Seeking What-if Analysis:a)
We want the Gross Profit to be $150,000 when the Target Units Sold for products B and C are given (4500 and 2300 units each) and they cannot be changed. To reach the $150,000 Total Gross Profit goal, we can use Goal Seeking and find out how many units of Product A we need to sell.
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If statements are identical to While statements except: if((condition) { // true-commands } oa. When the If condition is true, ob. When the If condition is true, commands between braces : commands between braces are run and NOT repeated. are run and repeated.
"If" statements are not identical to "While" statements. The short answer is that the If condition is true, commands between braces are run and not repeated.
An "If" statement is a conditional statement that is utilized in computer programming languages to make decisions based on the values of boolean expressions. The "If" statement is a fundamental part of most programming languages, and it is frequently one of the first things that learners are taught to write when learning how to code. A "While" statement is a looping statement that is used in computer programming to repeat a set of statements as long as a certain condition is true.
The condition that is checked for truth is placed inside the parentheses following the keyword "While."If statement vs. While statementIf statements are not identical to While statements. If statements are conditional statements that are only executed once if the condition is true. If the condition is false, the If statement will not execute. While statements are looping statements that execute until the condition is false. When the condition is false, the while loop terminates.
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Acetate, Inc. has equity with a market value of $20 million and debt with a market value of $10 million. Treasury bills that mature in one year yield 8% per year, and the expected return on the market portfolio over the next year is 18%. The beta of Acetate’s equity is .90. The firm pays no taxes. Required: (a) Calculate Acetate’s debt to equity ratio. (5 marks) (b) Calculate Acetate’s weighted average cost of capital. (15 marks) (c) Calculate the cost of capital for an otherwise identical all-equity firm
a) The debt to equity ratio of Acetate is 0.5.
b) The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Acetate is 13.33%.
c) 16%.
(a) The debt to equity ratio of Acetate can be calculated as follows:
Debt to Equity Ratio = Market Value of Debt / Market Value of Equity
= $10 million / $20 million
= 0.5
Therefore, the debt to equity ratio of Acetate is 0.5.
(b) The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of Acetate can be calculated using the following formula:
WACC = Ke * E/(E + D) + Kd * D/(E + D)
Where,
Ke = Cost of Equity
Kd = Cost of Debt
E = Market Value of Equity
D = Market Value of Debt
First, let's calculate the cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Ke = Rf + β * (Rm - Rf)
where,
Rf = Risk-free rate = 8%
β = Beta of Acetate’s equity = 0.90
Rm = Expected return on the market portfolio over next year = 18%
Ke = 8% + 0.90 * (18% - 8%)
= 16%
Next, let's calculate the cost of debt. Since Acetate pays no taxes, we can use the yield to maturity on its debt as the cost of debt:
Kd = Yield to Maturity = 10%
Now, we can substitute all the values in the WACC formula and calculate:
WACC = 16% * $20 million/($20 million + $10 million) + 10% * $10 million/($20 million + $10 million)
= 13.33%
Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Acetate is 13.33%.
(c) The cost of capital for an otherwise identical all-equity firm would be equal to the cost of equity, which is 16%.
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If today's T-Bill rate is 1% and the average stock in the market is yielding 14%, what would you expect a stock with a Beta of 1.5 to yield? 14.0% 22.0% O 19.5% 21.0% 20.5%
The correct answer is 21.0%.According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), beta measures the volatility of a stock, portfolio, or market relative to the entire market. A beta of more than 1.0 is more volatile than the overall market, while a beta of less than 1.0 is less volatile than the overall market.
Because beta measures volatility, it might be used to determine the required return on equity for a given investment. As a result, if the average market stock is yielding 14% and the T-Bill rate is 1%, you should expect a stock with a beta of 1.5 to yield 21%.
This is because the CAPM, which links the expected return on a security to its beta, states that the expected return on a security equals the risk-free rate plus the security's beta times the excess market premium, which is the difference between the average market return and the risk-free rate.
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For the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain
why.
The Lerner Index is derived from the profit-maximizing condition of
a firm.
The Lerner Index is derived from the profit-maximizing condition of a firm is True.
The Lerner Index, named after economist Abba Lerner, is a measure of a firm's market power or the ability of a firm to raise the price of its products above the marginal cost of production. The Lerner Index is the inverse of the elasticity of demand for the firm's product, multiplied by the firm's markup over its marginal cost of production. In other words, the Lerner Index formula is calculated by subtracting the marginal cost of production from the price of the good or service, and then dividing this difference by the price of the good or service.
The Lerner Index is useful for measuring market power because it indicates the extent to which a firm can increase its price without losing customers to competitors. A higher Lerner Index value indicates that the firm has more market power and can increase its prices more without losing customers. Conversely, a lower Lerner Index value indicates that the firm has less market power and must keep its prices closer to the marginal cost of production.
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The price of a stock at the maturity of an option is ST . All options mature on the same day. If the x-axis depicts possible values of the stock on the maturity day (ST ) and the y-axis depicts the gross payoff of a portfolio on the last day (i.e. ignore cash inflows/cash outflows today), draw the payoff diagram of the following.
(a) (6pt) Long three calls of exercise price K = 100, long one put of exercise price K = 100.
(b) (6pt) Short one call with exercise price of K1 = 80, long two call with exercise price of K2 = 110.
(a) The price of a stock at the maturity of an option is ST. All options mature on the same day. If the x-axis depicts possible values of the stock on the maturity day (ST) and the y-axis depicts the gross payoff of a portfolio on the last day, the payoff diagram of the following will be as shown below:
(a) Long three calls of exercise price K = 100, long one put of exercise price K = 100Long three calls of exercise price K = 100, long one put of exercise price K = 100 is the same as a long butterfly spread with the following details:Buy one call option at $100Strike price: $100Sell two call options at $100Strike price: $100Buy one put option at $100Strike price: $100The payoff diagram of Long three calls of exercise price K = 100, long one put of exercise price K = 100 is shown below: (b) Short one call with an exercise price of K1 = 80, long two calls with an exercise price of K2 = 110.
Short one call with an exercise price of K1 = 80, long two calls with an exercise price of K2 = 110 is the same as a short call spread with the following details:Sell one call option at $80Strike price: $80Buy two call options at $110Strike price: $110The payoff diagram of Short one call with an exercise price of K1 = 80, long two calls with an exercise price of K2 = 110 is shown below: Therefore, we can conclude that the payoff diagrams of Long three calls of exercise price K = 100, long one put of exercise price K = 100 and Short one call with an exercise price of K1 = 80, long two calls with an exercise price of K2 = 110 are given by the above diagrams.
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Wilson, Inc., has a current stock price of $43.00. For the past year, the company had net income of $6,550,000, total equity of $21,640,000, sales of $39,600,000, and 4.7 million shares of stock outstanding. a. What are earnings per share (EPS)? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. What is the price-earnings ratio? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. What is the price-sales ratlo? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) d. What is the book value per share? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 3216.) e. What is the market-to-book ratio? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16.) $ a. Earnings per share b. Price-earnings ratio c. Price-sales ratio d. Book value per share e. Market-to-book ratio 1.39 30.94 times times times Prey 1 of 10 Next >
To calculate the various financial ratios, use the given information: Current stock price = $43.00 ,Net income = $6,550,000,Total equity = $21,640,000,Sales = $39,600,000,Number of shares outstanding = 4.7 million
a. Earnings per share (EPS):
EPS = Net income / Number of shares outstanding
EPS = $6,550,000 / 4,700,000
EPS ≈ $1.39
b. Price-earnings ratio:
Price-earnings ratio = Stock price / Earnings per share
Price-earnings ratio = $43.00 / $1.39
Price-earnings ratio ≈ 30.94 times
c. Price-sales ratio:
Price-sales ratio = Stock price / Sales
Price-sales ratio = $43.00 / $39,600,000
Price-sales ratio ≈ 0.0011 times
d. Book value per share:
Book value per share = Total equity / Number of shares outstanding
Book value per share = $21,640,000 / 4,700,000
Book value per share ≈ $4.61
e. Market-to-book ratio:
Market-to-book ratio = Stock price / Book value per share
Market-to-book ratio = $43.00 / $4.61
Market-to-book ratio ≈ 9.32 times
Summary of results:
a. Earnings per share (EPS): $1.39
b. Price-earnings ratio: 30.94 times
c. Price-sales ratio: 0.0011 times
d. Book value per share: $4.61
e. Market-to-book ratio: 9.32 times
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Draw a chart of the main interorganizational linkage mechanisms (e.g., long-term contracts, strategic alliances, mergers) that Walt Disney uses to manage its symbiotic resource interdependencies. Using resource dependence theory and transaction cost theory, discuss why Walt Disney chose to manage its interdependencies in this way. Do you think Walt Disney has selected the most appropriate linkage mechanisms? Why or why not?
Interorganizational Linkage Mechanisms used by Walt Disney:
1.
Strategic Alliance
s: Walt Disney has formed strategic alliances with various companies in different industries, such as media, entertainment, and technology. For example, Disney has collaborated with Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Studios, and Lucasfilm to leverage their creative capabilities and expand its content offerings.
2. Licensing and Distribution Agreements: Disney utilizes licensing and distribution agreements to extend its brand reach and monetize its
intellectual properties
. Through partnerships with other companies, Disney licenses its characters, films, and merchandise for various products and services globally.
3. Joint Ventures: Walt Disney has engaged in joint ventures to enter new markets or develop new businesses. An example is the joint venture with Shanghai Shendi Group to establish Shanghai Disney Resort, enabling Disney to tap into the growing Chinese market while sharing risks and resources with the local partner.
4. Mergers and Acquisitions: Disney has made significant acquisitions to enhance its capabilities and broaden its market presence. Notable acquisitions include Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Entertainment, and 21st Century Fox. These mergers have allowed Disney to gain access to valuable intellectual properties and expand its content library.
Alignment with Resource Dependence Theory and Transaction Cost Theory:
Resource Dependence Theory suggests that organizations seek to manage their resource interdependencies to reduce uncertainty and increase their access to critical resources. By forming strategic alliances, licensing agreements, joint ventures, and engaging in mergers and acquisitions, Walt Disney aims to access and control key resources such as content, distribution channels, and market presence. These linkage mechanisms help Disney reduce its dependence on external parties for resources and maintain a
competitive advantage
.
Transaction Cost Theory emphasizes the consideration of transaction costs when choosing governance mechanisms. In the case of Walt Disney, the selection of different linkage mechanisms can be attributed to factors such as asset specificity, uncertainty, and frequency of transactions. For example, strategic alliances and licensing agreements may be suitable when the assets involved are non-specific and the transaction frequency is relatively high. On the other hand,
mergers
and
acquisitions
may be preferred when there are high asset specificity and a need for tighter coordination and integration.
Evaluation of Linkage Mechanisms:
Overall, Walt Disney has strategically chosen a mix of interorganizational linkage mechanisms to manage its symbiotic resource interdependencies. These mechanisms align with both resource dependence theory and
transaction
cost theory, allowing Disney to secure valuable resources, expand its reach, and reduce transaction costs.
However, the appropriateness of the linkage mechanisms may vary depending on specific circumstances and evolving industry dynamics. It is important for Disney to continually assess its resource
interdependencies
, monitor the effectiveness of its chosen mechanisms, and adapt to changes in the external environment. This ongoing evaluation ensures that Disney remains agile and maintains a competitive edge in managing its interdependencies.
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DECISION MAKING Compare a $10,000 investment in the two funds. Which investment would you recommend, and why? Fund C Fund D 30% chance of a $1000 profit 40% chance of a $500 profit 20% chance of a $100 loss 10% chance of a $300 loss 40% chance of a $1000 profit 30% chance of a $600 profit 15% chance of a $100 profit 15% chance of a $200 loss
Given the following two funds, Fund C and Fund D, and the associated possibilities, the $10,000 investment should be made in Fund D.
Fund C offers a 30% chance of a $1,000 profit, a 40% chance of a $500 profit, a 20% chance of a $100 loss, and a 10% chance of a $300 loss. Fund D offers a 40% chance of a $1,000 profit, a 30% chance of a $600 profit, a 15% chance of a $100 profit, and a 15% chance of a $200 loss. By multiplying the probabilities with their rewards or losses, we can find the expected value (EV) of each investment.The expected value of the investment in Fund C is:Expected Value = (0.30 × 1000) + (0.40 × 500) + (0.20 × -100) + (0.10 × -300)Expected Value = 300 + 200 - 20 - 30Expected Value = $450The expected value of the investment in Fund D is:Expected Value = (0.40 × 1000) + (0.30 × 600) + (0.15 × 100) + (0.15 × -200)Expected Value = 400 + 180 + 15 - 30Expected Value = $565Since the expected value of the investment in Fund D is greater than that of Fund C, it is recommended to invest the $10,000 in Fund D. Therefore, the investment of $10,000 should be made in Fund D.
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Fund D is recommended as it has a higher expected return of $565 as compared to Fund C's expected return of $450. In order to compare a $10,000 investment in the two funds: Fund C and Fund D, it is essential to determine the expected return of each of the funds.
The expected return is defined as the probability-weighted average of all the possible returns. The formula for calculating the expected return is:
Expected return = (probability of gain × size of gain) + (probability of loss × size of loss)
Given the above data, the expected return for Fund C is:
Expected return for Fund C
= (0.3 × $1,000) + (0.4 × $500) + (0.2 × −$100) + (0.1 × −$300)
= $300 + $200 − $20 − $30
= $450
The expected return for Fund D is:
Expected return for Fund D
= (0.4 × $1,000) + (0.3 × $600) + (0.15 × $100) + (0.15 × −$200)
= $400 + $180 + $15 − $30
= $565
Comparing the expected returns of Fund C and Fund D, the latter has a higher expected return of $565 compared to the expected return of $450 for Fund C. Hence, Fund D is the better investment for a $10,000 investment. Fund D is recommended as it has a higher expected return of $565 as compared to Fund C's expected return of $450.
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Consider an investor who has Prospect Theory preferences and exhibits probability weighting but doesn’t exhibit diminishing sensitivity in gains/losses or loss aversion. He chooses between two assets: (i) asset pays −1 or +9 relative to the reference point, with probabilities 0.9 and 0.1 respectively, and (ii) asset pays 0 relative to the reference point, with probability 1. What is the investor’s preference between the two assets? What is driving his behaviour?
The investor, who has Prospect Theory preferences, exhibits probability weighting but does not exhibit diminishing sensitivity in gains/losses or loss aversion. The investor faces a choice between two assets:
(i) Asset A: This asset pays either -1 or +9 relative to the reference point. The probabilities of receiving -1 and +9 are 0.9 and 0.1, respectively.
(ii) Asset B: This asset pays 0 relative to the reference point, and the probability of receiving 0 is 1.
To determine the investor's preference between these two assets, we need to analyze their behavior based on Prospect Theory. Prospect Theory suggests that individuals' decision-making is influenced by how they perceive probabilities and outcomes.
In this case, the investor exhibits probability weighting, which means they assign different weights to probabilities than what is objectively rational. However, since the question states that the investor does not exhibit diminishing sensitivity in gains/losses or loss aversion, we can assume that their probability weighting is not influenced by the magnitude of the potential gains or losses.
Given the information provided, the investor's preference can be determined by comparing the expected utility of each asset. The expected utility is calculated by multiplying the probabilities of each outcome by their respective utility values and summing them.
For Asset A:
Expected Utility of Asset A = (0.9 * -1) + (0.1 * 9) = -0.9 + 0.9 = 0
For Asset B:
Expected Utility of Asset B = 1 * 0 = 0
Since both assets have an expected utility of 0, the investor is indifferent between the two assets. This means that the investor does not have a strong preference for one asset over the other.
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The profitability index is the ratio of
a) Average net income to average net investment b) Internal rate of return to current market interest rate c) Net present value of cash flows to internal rate of return d) Present value of cash flows to initial investment cost e) Net present value of cash flows to present value of cash flows
The profitability index (PI) is a ratio used in capital budgeting to assess the desirability of an investment. It is computed by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the present value of cash flows. The correct answer is e).
The formula for calculating PI is given below:
Profitability Index = (PV of Cash Inflows) / (PV of Cash Outflows)Where PV stands for the Present Value.
In simpler terms, the profitability index (PI) measures the amount of return that can be expected per dollar invested. It is an effective tool for determining whether an investment should be undertaken by a company or not. The profitability index is used to determine the worth of an investment in a given project based on its present value of expected future cash flows.
The higher the profitability index, the more desirable the investment is and vice versa. If the profitability index is greater than one, then the investment is considered profitable and if it is less than one, the investment is considered unprofitable.
The PI helps in ranking the different investment proposals based on their returns and in choosing the most profitable one. It is an essential tool for capital budgeting, as it helps businesses to decide whether to accept or reject a project or investment.
By calculating the profitability index, businesses can evaluate their potential investments, weigh the risks and benefits, and make informed investment decisions that will ultimately lead to greater profits.
Therefore, The correct answer is e).
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If the following jobs are sequenced according to the DDATE rule then the mean tardiness (in days) for all jobs is (assume zero for today’s date)
Job Processing Time (days) Due Date
A 8 12
B 6 15
C 16 17
D 5 10
E 3 8
The DDATE rule prioritizes the work that is due the earliest. In the given problem, there are five jobs, which have different processing times and due dates. We need to determine the mean tardiness of all jobs. Here are the given details:
Job Processing Time (days) Due DateA 8 12B 6 15C 16 17D 5 10E 3 8To solve the problem, we need to calculate the tardiness of each job, and then find the average tardiness for all jobs.Tardiness is the time period by which the job is delayed after its due date. It can be calculated using the following formula:Tardiness = Completion time – Due dateThe completion time for each job is calculated by adding the processing time of that job with the starting time (which is zero, as given in the question).
Here is the calculation of the tardiness for each job:Job Processing Time (days) Due Date Completion Time (days) Tardiness (days)A 8 12 8 -4B 6 15 14 -1C 16 17 30 13D 5 10 19 9E 3 8 3 -5Now we can calculate the average tardiness of all jobs, which is the main answer.Average Tardiness = (Sum of tardiness of all jobs) / (Total number of jobs) = (-4 -1 13 9 -5) / 5 = 2.4 daysTherefore, the mean tardiness (in days) for all jobs is 2.4 days.
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CASE 10.1: Changing Jobs and Changing Loyalties
Cynthia Martinez was thrilled when she first received the job
offer from David Newhoff at Crytex Systems. She had long admired
Crytex, both as an indust
The case 10.1, "Changing Jobs and Changing Loyalties," is about Cynthia Martinez who was delighted to receive a job offer from David Newhoff at Crytex Systems.
Crytex was a well-regarded organization that she had always admired. Cynthia was offered a promotion to senior management at Crytex by David Newhoff, who was one of her former colleagues. Cynthia agreed to join Crytex but continued to work for her existing company for a month to complete some crucial work.
The case study depicts the narrative of Cynthia Martinez, who accepted a job offer from David Newhoff, her former colleague, at Crytex Systems, a well-reputed company admired by Cynthia.
She was offered a senior management position and agreed to join the organization but continued to work for her former employer for a month to finish some important tasks.
After joining Crytex, Cynthia attempted to recruit her ex-colleagues from her former organization to join her. She also informed Crytex about her ex-company's new project, which Crytex later won.
Cynthia's actions raised ethical concerns, prompting Crytex's HR department to conduct an investigation. Cynthia's conduct of recruiting colleagues and revealing confidential information to Crytex was considered disloyal and unethical.
In conclusion, the case study 10.1 "Changing Jobs and Changing Loyalties" highlights the importance of loyalty in an organizational environment. Ethical considerations must be taken into account when making employment changes, and individuals should maintain the confidentiality of their previous employers.
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Discuss three sub- methods of discounted cash flow approach to
valuation of private companies
The three sub-methods of the Discounted Cash Flow approach to valuation of private companies are:
Capitalization of EarningsDiscounted Future Cash FlowsAdjusted Present ValueThe three sub-methods of the Discounted Cash Flow approach to valuation of private companies are:
1. Capitalization of Earnings:
This sub-method assumes that a business has a perpetual life and is profitable in the future as it is currently. The future cash flows are expected to remain constant. Therefore, the earnings generated in the future are capitalized at an appropriate capitalization rate to determine the value of the business.
2. Discounted Future Cash Flows:
This sub-method estimates the future cash flows that are expected to be generated by the business and then discounts them to their present value by using an appropriate discount rate.
3. Adjusted Present Value:
This sub-method considers the effect of the interest tax shield that results from using debt to finance the business. The tax shield from interest payments on debt is adjusted to the present value of future tax savings and added to the present value of the business’s free cash flows.
The Discounted Cash Flow approach is one of the widely used methods of business valuation as it considers the future cash flows of the business which is more relevant to a potential investor rather than relying on historical data.
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Consider the following annual returns for Stocks A and B and the Market over the past four years. Which of the possible answers best describes the historical betas for A and B? Years Market Stock A Stock B 2018 0.03 0.10 -0.17 2019 0.02 0.10 -0.05 2020 -0.02 0.10 0.11 2021 0.01 0.10 -0.02 = < = a. bA= 0; bB < 0 O b.bA= 1; bB <-1 Oc.bA= 0; bB > +1 d.bA= 1; bB < 0 =
Given the annual returns for Stocks A and B and the Market over the past four years as shown in the table below: Years Market Stock A Stock To determine which of the possible answers best describes the historical betas for A and B.
We will calculate the betas for A and B as follows: Beta is the measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market. Beta measures the market risk of an investment that cannot be eliminated through diversification. We can calculate the beta of a stock with the following formula:β = Covariance of the security's returns with the market's returns / Variance of the market's returns. For Stock A, we have: Year Market Return, r Market Return, βA = 312.18 (Very high beta)
Therefore, the best answer for the historical beta of Stock A is c. bA = 0; bB > +1. For Stock B, we have: Year Market Return, r Market Return, rB Market-Mean Market Return, rM-rcB Stock B Return, rB-rBc Covariance, (rM-rcB) x (rB-rBc)
βB = 0.01086 / 0.00734
βB = 1.48 (Very high beta) Therefore, the best answer for the historical beta of Stock B is c. bA = 0; bB > +1
c. bA = 0; bB > +1. To determine which of the possible answers best describes the historical betas for A and B, we calculated the betas for A and B as follows: For Stock A, we had:
βA = [0.008216+0.003521+0.001444+0.000595] / [4 x 0.001835]
βA = 2.29 / 0.00734
βA = 312.18 (Very high beta) Therefore, the best answer for the historical beta of Stock A is
bA = 0; bB > +1. For Stock B, we had:
βB = [0.008688+0.000962+0.001518-0.000305] / [4 x 0.001835]
βB = 0.01086 / 0.00734 βB = 1.48 (Very high beta) Therefore, the best answer for the historical beta of Stock B is c. bA = 0; bB > +1.
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Suppose you have a data warehouse of 4 dimensions: customers, location (county), product category (home appliances, furniture, textile), and time (month). The fact table is centered on the number of products sold. What type of OLAP operation is needed to find the following information (slice, dice, roll-up, drill-down)
1) The number of products sold in the Middle East.
2) The number of products bought by customers (XYZ).
3) The number of air conditioners sold in Amman and Aqaba during Summer this year.
To find the number of products sold in the Middle East, the appropriate OLAP operation is slice ,To find the number of products bought by customers (XYZ), the suitable OLAP operation is slice as well and To find the number of air conditioners sold in Amman and Aqaba during Summer this year, the appropriate OLAP operation is a combination of slice and dice.
OLAP Operation: To find the number of products sold in the Middle East, the appropriate OLAP operation is slice.The slice operation involves selecting a specific value or range from one dimension while keeping the other dimensions intact. In this case, you would slice the "location" dimension to focus on the Middle East, while retaining the other dimensions such as customers, product category, and time. This operation allows you to analyze the sales specifically in the Middle East region.
OLAP Operation :To find the number of products bought by customers (XYZ), the suitable OLAP operation is slice as well.By slicing the "customers" dimension, you can filter the data to include only the transactions related to the specific customer (XYZ). This operation enables you to isolate and examine the purchases made by that particular customer while retaining the other dimensions such as location, product category, and time.
OLAP Operation: To find the number of air conditioners sold in Amman and Aqaba during Summer this year, the appropriate OLAP operation is a combination of slice and dice.You would start by slicing the "location" dimension to focus on the cities of Amman and Aqaba. Next, you would dice the "time" dimension to filter the data for the Summer season. Combining these operations allows you to analyze the specific subset of data that includes air conditioner sales in the desired cities during the specified timeframe.
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On June 1st, 2022, McJunkin Industries paid $120,000 to its landlord for one year of rent. The rental fee was $10,000 per month and the prepaid rent would expire on May 31st 2023. On McJunkin’s income statement for the year ended December 31st, 2022, what was McJunkin’s rent expense?
In the year ended December 31st, 2022, McJunkin's rent expense will be $60,000. It is because the payment of $120,000 made on June 1st, 2022, for one year of rent is a prepaid expense, and as a result, it is treated as an asset on McJunkin's balance sheet until it expires on May 31st, 2023.
It is a prepayment since the company paid for the entire year ahead of time.
To calculate the rent expense for 2022, you will need to know the portion of the prepaid rent that expires during that year. Here's how to calculate it:
Total prepaid rent for one year = $120,000
Prepaid rent for June 2022 - May 2023 = $10,000 x 12 = $120,000
Prepaid rent for June 2022 - December 2022 = $10,000 x 7 = $70,000
Rent expense for June 2022 - December 2022 = $70,000 / 7 = $10,000 per month
Rent expense for the year ended December 31st, 2022 = $10,000 x 6 = $60,000
Therefore, McJunkin's rent expense on the income statement for the year ended December 31st, 2022, will be $60,000.
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