Human resource managers can recruit from within or external to their company. Internal recruitment is the process of filling a job vacancy with someone already employed in the company. It's cost-effective: Internal recruitment is usually less expensive than recruiting candidates from external sources. It might generate animosity among employees
Internal recruitment is the process of filling a job vacancy with someone already employed in the company. Internal recruitment can be done by promoting employees to a higher positions, transferring employees from one department to another, or rehiring former employees.
The advantages of internal recruitment are as follows: It's cost-effective: Internal recruitment is usually less expensive than recruiting candidates from external sources. This is because recruiting externally may require advertising, interviewing, and screening costs. Additionally, internal recruits don't require orientation, training, or socialization because they are already familiar with the company's values and culture. It increases morale: Internal recruitment may help to increase employee morale, satisfaction, and loyalty because employees feel valued by their employers. As a result, the company's retention rate increases, and its employees feel motivated to work harder and remain loyal to the organization.
The disadvantages of internal recruitment are as follows: It might generate animosity among employees: When a position becomes available in an organization, internal recruitment may cause animosity and unhealthy competition among the employees. It might cause employees to feel that the recruitment process is biased and that the hiring manager is playing favorites. Employees might become complacent: Internal recruitment may cause employees to become complacent because they believe they will be promoted regardless of their performance.
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What does your analysis of the data suggest that Brad Twiddy might want to consider with respect to options for TSC's supply chain? 2. What criteria would you use to evaluate the options? 3. As Brad Twiddy, what options would you recommend to Greg and what would be your schedule to evaluate these options and implement your plan?
After conducting an analysis of the data, several factors need to be considered in evaluating options for TSC's supply chain. The criteria to be used in evaluating the options are cost, flexibility, responsiveness, and quality.
Furthermore, as Brad Twiddy, several options can be recommended to Greg, which can be evaluated to determine the best course of action to implement the supply chain plan. The following is an explanation of the questions:1. What does your analysis of the data suggest that Brad Twiddy might want to consider with respect to options for TSC's supply chain?After conducting a comprehensive analysis of the data, Brad Twiddy should consider the following options for TSC's supply chain:• Supplier and Material Management: TSC should evaluate their suppliers and the materials used in the manufacturing process, and they should focus on the overall cost reduction, quality control, and supplier management of materials.• Inventory Management: TSC should evaluate its inventory control and management practices to reduce inventory costs, improve stock accuracy, and reduce obsolescence risks. It can adopt the just-in-time (JIT) inventory control system.• Production Management: TSC should streamline its production management practices by adopting lean principles. Lean manufacturing is a methodology that reduces waste while also improving quality, delivery times, and cost-effectiveness.2. What criteria would you use to evaluate the options?The criteria that can be used to evaluate the options include:• Cost: This involves evaluating the financial costs associated with each supply chain option. This criterion includes fixed costs, variable costs, and operating costs.• Flexibility: This criterion evaluates the extent to which a supply chain option can be adapted to changing market conditions, customer requirements, and other factors.• Responsiveness: This criterion evaluates the speed and efficiency with which a supply chain can respond to customer orders or other market demands.• Quality: This criterion evaluates the quality of products produced by each supply chain option, including adherence to quality control standards, product consistency, and overall reliability.3. As Brad Twiddy, what options would you recommend to Greg, and what would be your schedule to evaluate these options and implement your plan?As Brad Twiddy, I would recommend the following options to Greg:• Improve supplier and material management.• Implement just-in-time inventory control system.• Adopt lean manufacturing principles.To evaluate these options, the following schedule can be implemented:• Month 1: Collect and analyze data on supplier and material management and identify areas for improvement.• Month 2: Implement a just-in-time inventory control system.• Month 3: Collect data on production management practices and identify areas for improvement.• Month 4: Implement lean manufacturing principles.• Month 5: Evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented supply chain plan.
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Why the inventory control is important for the companies?
Explain in detail.
Inventory control is a vital aspect of running a successful business, and it is particularly critical for companies that deal with goods. The primary objective of inventory control is to maintain stock at the optimum level in order to reduce costs while also ensuring that customer demands are met.
Inventory control is essential for companies for the following reasons:
1. Minimizing Costs: Effective inventory control can assist a company in reducing its holding costs, which include costs associated with storage, spoilage, pilferage, and obsolescence. By minimizing these costs, companies can save money and become more competitive.
2. Meeting Customer Demands: Inventory control assists companies in meeting customer needs by ensuring that they have the products they require in stock when they need them. This can assist companies in retaining customers and increasing their loyalty.
3. Increasing Profitability: Effective inventory control may also assist companies in increasing their profitability. This is accomplished by reducing costs, improving customer service, and increasing sales.
4. Reducing Waste: Effective inventory control may assist companies in reducing waste. This may include minimizing the amount of spoilage, pilferage, and obsolescence that occurs in the supply chain.
5. Improving Decision Making: Effective inventory control may assist companies in making better decisions about which products to stock, how much to stock, and when to stock them. This can assist companies in becoming more efficient and effective.
In conclusion, inventory control is critical for companies for a variety of reasons, including cost savings, improved customer service, and increased profitability. By effectively managing their inventory levels, companies can become more efficient, competitive, and profitable.
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Vertical equity is the belief that people should be taxed equally regardless of income should be taxed based on how much they have already paid during their lifetime should be taxed only if they derive benefits from a specific government service with highre levels of income should be taxed at a higher rate
Vertical equity is the belief that people should be taxed at a higher rate as their income levels increase.
Vertical equity is a principle of taxation that suggests individuals with higher income levels should be taxed at a higher rate compared to those with lower incomes. This principle is rooted in the concept of fairness and the ability-to-pay principle, which states that individuals with higher incomes have a greater ability to bear the burden of taxation. Proponents of vertical equity argue that it promotes a more equitable distribution of the tax burden and helps address income inequality.
By implementing a progressive tax system, where tax rates increase as income levels rise, governments can achieve vertical equity. This means that individuals with higher incomes pay a larger proportion of their income in taxes compared to those with lower incomes. The progressive tax system aims to distribute the tax burden more fairly, with the idea that those who have benefited more from society should contribute a larger share to support public goods and services.
Vertical equity in taxation is based on the principle of fairness and aims to create a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. By taxing higher levels of income at a higher rate, governments can address income inequality and ensure that individuals with greater financial resources contribute proportionally more to public goods and services. This principle promotes a more progressive tax system and aligns with the notion that those who can afford to pay more should bear a larger share of the tax burden.
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Division A is a profit centre that produces three products X, Y and Z and each product has an external market. The relevant data is as:
PARTICULARS X Y Z
External market price per unit 48 46 40
VC of production 33 24 28
LH per unit (Division A) 3 4 2
Max. external sales (units) 800 500 300
Up to 300 units of Y can be transferred to an internal Division B. Division B has also the option of purchasing externally at a price of 45 per unit.
Determine the minimum transfer price for Y if the total labour hours available in division A is:
A. 4,000 hours
B. 6,000 hours
The minimum transfer price for product Y depends on the total labor hours available in Division A. If there are 4,000 labor hours available, the minimum transfer price for Y is $30 per unit. If there are 6,000 labor hours available, the minimum transfer price for Y is $32 per unit.
To determine the minimum transfer price for product Y, we need to consider the external market price, variable cost of production, and labor hours per unit in Division A. Since Division B has the option of purchasing externally at a price of $45 per unit, the minimum transfer price for Y should be lower than this external purchase price.For the calculation:
If there are 4,000 labor hours available in Division A, the maximum production capacity for Y is 4,000 / 4 = 1,000 units. Since up to 300 units of Y can be transferred to Division B, the remaining maximum external sales for Y is 1,000 - 300 = 700 units. The minimum transfer price for Y should be less than the external market price, taking into account the variable cost of production. Hence, the minimum transfer price for Y is $46 - $24 = $22. However, since Division B can purchase externally at $45 per unit, the minimum transfer price for Y is $30 per unit.
If there are 6,000 labor hours available in Division A, the maximum production capacity for Y is 6,000 / 4 = 1,500 units. Since up to 300 units of Y can be transferred to Division B, the remaining maximum external sales for Y is 1,500 - 300 = 1,200 units. Following the same calculation as above, the minimum transfer price for Y is $46 - $24 = $22. However, since Division B can purchase externally at $45 per unit, the minimum transfer price for Y is $32 per unit.Therefore, if there are 4,000 labor hours available, the minimum transfer price for Y is $30 per unit, and if there are 6,000 labor hours available, the minimum transfer price for Y is $32 per unit.
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Rachel tends to keep to herself while she is at work as her job doesn't require much interaction. But whenever she is out at lunch or after work she seems to have a lot of energy and is highly interactive. She makes other people feel really welcome and can plan an outing with groups of people really well. She likes making and keeping her schedule and often times when she gets home she enjoys creative projects like dreaming up new decorations. She always finishes one project before she takes on a new one. What is her MBTI personality? O ISFP O INFP O ISFJ O INTP
O INFJ
The main MBTI b type for Rachel appears to be the ISFJ Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging, option (c) is correct.
Her tendency to keep to herself at work aligns with the introverted nature of ISFJ. However, outside of work, she becomes highly interactive and enjoys planning outings with groups, which suggests her extraverted side emerges in social settings. Her energy and ability to make others feel welcome indicate her strong interpersonal skills, characteristic of ISFJs.
Moreover, Rachel's enjoyment of creating new decorations demonstrates her appreciation for aesthetics, in line with the sensing and feeling functions. Lastly, her preference for completing one project before moving on aligns with the judging aspect of the ISFJ personality type, option (c) is correct.
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The complete question is:
Rachel tends to keep to herself while she is at work as her job doesn't require much interaction. But whenever she is out at lunch or after work she seems to have a lot of energy and is highly interactive. She makes other people feel really welcome and can plan an outing with groups of people really well. She likes making and keeping her schedule and often times when she gets home she enjoys creative projects like dreaming up new decorations. She always finishes one project before she takes on a new one. What is her MBTI personality?
a. ISFP
b. INFP
c. ISFJ
d. INTP
How would you determine a company's financial distress (or bankruptcy) risk?
Determining a company's financial distress or bankruptcy risk involves assessing various financial indicators and analyzing the overall financial health of the company. While there isn't a single formula or method to predict bankruptcy with absolute certainty, you can consider the following key factors and indicators to evaluate the risk:
Financial Statements Analysis:
Income Statement: Evaluate the company's revenue trends, gross profit margin, operating expenses, and net income over time.
Balance Sheet: Assess the company's liquidity, solvency, and leverage ratios, such as current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio.
Cash Flow Statement: Analyze the company's cash flow from operations, investing, and financing activities to understand its ability to generate cash and manage its obligations.
Trend Analysis:
Compare financial ratios and metrics over multiple periods to identify any significant negative trends, such as declining revenues, increasing expenses, deteriorating profitability, or worsening liquidity.
Look for consistent negative cash flow from operations or a pattern of negative cash flow.
Debt and Liquidity Assessment:
Evaluate the company's debt burden, including short-term and long-term debt obligations. Excessive debt levels, difficulty in servicing debt, or a high debt-to-equity ratio can indicate financial distress.
Assess the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations by examining liquidity ratios like the current ratio or quick ratio. A low liquidity ratio may indicate difficulty in paying short-term obligations.
Profitability and Cash Flow Analysis:
Review the company's profitability trends, profit margins, and operating cash flow. Declining profitability or consistently negative cash flow can be warning signs.
Look for unsustainable business models, unprofitable operations, or shrinking market share.
Industry and Competitive Factors:
Consider the overall health and competitive dynamics of the industry in which the company operates. Significant industry disruptions, intense competition, or technological changes can increase the bankruptcy risk.
Assess the company's market position, customer base, and ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
Legal and Regulatory Issues:
Evaluate any ongoing or potential legal and regulatory challenges the company faces, such as lawsuits, regulatory fines, or non-compliance with industry standards.
Qualitative Factors:
Consider factors beyond financial statements, such as management expertise, corporate governance, strategic initiatives, and market reputation.
Monitor news, industry reports, and analyst opinions to identify any negative signals or concerns.
It's important to note that assessing bankruptcy risk requires a comprehensive analysis and should be done in conjunction with professional expertise, such as financial analysts or consultants. The above factors provide a general framework, but the interpretation and weightage of each factor may vary based on the specific circumstances and industry.
The Chinese manufacturer of home appliances (e.g. refrigerators), Haier Group, was near bankruptcy when Mr Zhang Ruimin was appointed plant director in 1984, the fourth one that year. It is Zhang Ruimin who has led the company to grow to the world’s fourth largest home appliance manufacturer. In 2008 Haier Group reported sales of over US$17.8 billion.
Zhang Ruimin had an internationalization mindset for the initial stage of Haier’s development. In 1984, soon after having joined the plant, he introduced technology and equipment from Liebherr, a German company, to produce several popular refrigerator brands in China. At the same time he actively expanded cooperation with Liebherr by manufacturing refrigerators based on its standards which were then sold to Liebherr, as a way of entering the German market. In 1986 the value of Haier’s exports reached US$3 million for the first time. Zhang Ruimin later commented on this strategy: ‘Exporting to earn foreign exchange was necessary at that time’. When Haier invested in a plant in the United States, Zhang Ruimin thought it gained location advantage by setting up plants overseas to avoid tariffs and reduce transportation costs. Internalization advantage had been attained through controlling services and marketing/distribution, and ownership advantage had been achieved by developing design and R&D capabilities through utilizing high-quality local human resources.
Q.. Identify if Haier’s reasons for going international were proactive or reactive and list these reasons.
Haier's reasons for going international can be considered proactive.
The company's leader, Zhang Ruimin, demonstrated a forward-thinking approach by actively seeking opportunities to expand abroad and establish a global presence. One of the main reasons for Haier's internationalization was to access technology and equipment from foreign companies, such as Liebherr, to improve their product offerings and compete in the Chinese market. Additionally, exporting products and earning foreign exchange was seen as a necessary strategy to support the company's growth. Another proactive move was setting up plants overseas, like in the United States, to gain location advantages, avoid tariffs, and reduce transportation costs. Haier's international expansion was driven by a proactive mindset to gain competitive advantages and establish a strong global presence.
Haier's internationalization efforts were proactive because they were driven by a deliberate strategy to expand the company's operations beyond its domestic market. Zhang Ruimin recognized the importance of accessing foreign technology and equipment to improve Haier's products and compete with other manufacturers. By actively cooperating with Liebherr and manufacturing refrigerators based on their standards for export, Haier sought to enter the German market and earn foreign exchange. This shows a proactive approach to seeking growth opportunities in international markets. Furthermore, the decision to invest in a plant in the United States demonstrated a proactive effort to gain location advantages, reduce costs, and establish a presence in a key market. Haier's proactive mindset and actions indicate a deliberate strategy of internationalization to achieve competitive advantages and expand its global reach.
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Filer Manufacturing has 7,879,848 shares of common stock outstanding. The current share price is $64.97, and the book value per share is $3.83. Filer Manufacturing also has two bond issues outstanding. The first bond issue has a face value of $70,817,127, has a 0.06 coupon, matures in 14 years and sells for 85 percent of par. The second issue has a face value of $70,593,861, has a 0.05 coupon, matures in 20 years, and sells for 97 percent of par. What is Filer's weight of equity on a market value basis? Enter the answer with 4 decimals (e.g. 0.2345)
The weight of equity on a market value basis for Filer Manufacturing is approximately 0.7983. To calculate the weight of equity on a market value basis, we need to determine the market value of the equity and the total market value of the firm.
Given:
Number of shares of common stock outstanding = 7,879,848
Current share price = $64.97
Market value of equity = Number of shares * Share price
= 7,879,848 * $64.97
= $511,983,042.56
To calculate the total market value of the firm, we need to consider the market values of both the equity and the outstanding bond issues.
First bond issue:
Face value = $70,817,127
Sell price = 85% of face value = 0.85 * $70,817,127
= $60,194,558.95
Second bond issue:
Face value = $70,593,861
Sell price = 97% of face value = 0.97 * $70,593,861
= $68,545,942.17
Total market value of the firm = Market value of equity + Market value of first bond + Market value of second bond
= $511,983,042.56 + $60,194,558.95 + $68,545,942.17
= $640,723,543.68
Finally, we can calculate the weight of equity on a market value basis by dividing the market value of equity by the total market value of the firm:
Weight of equity = Market value of equity / Total market value of the firm
= $511,983,042.56 / $640,723,543.68
= 0.7983 (rounded to 4 decimals)
Therefore, the weight of equity on a market value basis for Filer Manufacturing is approximately 0.7983.
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Briefly explain the difference between goods and services in 150-200 words. Your answer should explain at least 4 differences between goods and services. 7. [10 points] Select an organization of your choice. List at least 5 value addition (core) processes of that organization. List at least 3 inputs for the value addition and list the outputs of value addition.
Goods and services are two distinct categories in the realm of economic transactions. Goods refer to tangible, physical products that can be seen, touched, and stored.
They are typically manufactured or produced and can be bought and sold. Examples of goods include clothes, furniture, electronics, and vehicles. Services, on the other hand, are intangible actions or efforts provided by individuals or organizations to satisfy the needs or wants of others. Services are consumed at the time they are produced and cannot be stored or transported. Examples of services include haircuts, legal advice, healthcare, and transportation.
Tangibility: Goods are physical objects that can be perceived through the senses, while services are intangible and cannot be held or touched.
Production and Consumption: Goods are typically produced first and then consumed later, allowing for storage and transportation. Services are often produced and consumed simultaneously, making them perishable and location-bound.
Permanence: Goods are generally durable and can be used repeatedly over a period of time. Services, however, are transient and exist only during the time they are performed.
Customization: Goods are often standardized and mass-produced, whereas services can be tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of individual customers.
In conclusion, goods are tangible products that can be stored, transported, and used over time, while services are intangible actions that are consumed at the time they are produced. Goods have permanence and are usually standardized, while services are transient and customizable.
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Elsie Mensah is a Treasurer of E5 Bank Limited. During ALCO last month members expressed concern about the continuous decline in interest rates over the next 1 year and its impact on the bank’s net interest income. The Treasurer was therefore tasked to make a presentation to ALCO at the next monthly meeting on the interest rate risk the bank currently has and what should be done to hedge this risk. She has gathered the following extracts from the bank’s balance sheet as at 30th June 2020.
Assets
1. Consumer loans – GHS 450m, 5 year maturity with rates fixing every 6months
2. Corporate Loans - GHS 400m, 2 year tenor with 3months rate fixing. The remaining term to maturity is 2 months
3. Fixed rate loans - GHS 180m, 5 year personal loans.
4. Government Securities-GHS 150m 91 day, 160m 182 day and 2 year 140m bond.
5. Fixed assets-GHS 170m
Liabilities
1. Current Accounts - GHS 300m
2. Savings Accounts - GHS 350m
3. Time Deposits - GHS 200m with 6 months maturity
4. Negotiable Certificate-GHS 150m 12months maturity
5. Interbank borrowings – GHS 100m with 90 days to mature
6. Subordinated debt-GHS 150m with rates fixing every 6mths
7. Equity - GHS 400m
You are required to:
i) Calculate the 12 months Rate Sensitive Assets (RSA), Rate Sensitive Liabilities and Re-pricing gap. ii) Calculate the impact of a 200 basis point decline in interest rate on the bank’s net interest income over the next 12 months iii) Calculate the impact on the bank’s net interest income if as a results of decline in market interest rates, asset rates fall by 200bps whilst liability rate fall by 100bps. iv) Briefly explain how the Treasurer can use Fixed Rate Agreement (FRA) to hedge interest rate risk of the bank.
i) Rate Sensitive Liabilities is GHS 700m, and the Re-pricing gap is GHS 490m. ii)interest income over the next 12 months is GHS -9.8m. iii) asset rates fall by 200bps and liability rates fall by 100bps, is GHS -6.6m.
iv) The Treasurer can use Fixed Rate Agreements (FRAs) to hedge interest rate risk by entering into an agreement with another party to exchange fixed interest payments for floating interest payments based on a notional principal amount, thus providing protection against adverse interest rate movements.
To address the concerns regarding the decline in interest rates and its impact on net interest income, the Treasurer of E5 Bank Limited needs to assess the bank's interest rate risk and propose appropriate hedging strategies. Based on the provided balance sheet extracts, the following calculations and analyses can be conducted:
i) Calculate the 12 months Rate Sensitive Assets (RSA), Rate Sensitive Liabilities, and Re-pricing gap:
- Rate Sensitive Assets (RSA) include consumer loans, corporate loans (considering the remaining term to maturity), and fixed-rate loans.
- Rate Sensitive Liabilities include time deposits, negotiable certificates, interbank borrowings, and subordinated debt.
- Re-pricing gap is the difference between Rate Sensitive Assets and Rate Sensitive Liabilities.
ii) Calculate the impact of a 200 basis point decline in interest rate on net interest income:
- Apply the decline in interest rate to the Rate Sensitive Assets and Liabilities and calculate the change in interest income and interest expense.
- Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense.
iii) Calculate the impact on net interest income if asset rates fall by 200bps and liability rates fall by 100bps:
- Apply the respective rate changes to the Rate Sensitive Assets and Liabilities and calculate the change in interest income and interest expense.
- Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense.
iv) Briefly explain how the Treasurer can use Fixed Rate Agreements (FRA) to hedge interest rate risk:
- Fixed Rate Agreements (FRA) are financial contracts that allow the bank to fix the interest rate on a future transaction.
- The Treasurer can enter into FRA contracts to mitigate the risk of declining interest rates by fixing the interest rate for a specified period.
- By using FRAs, the bank can protect its net interest income from potential losses caused by falling interest rates.
The Treasurer should present the calculated values of Rate Sensitive Assets, Rate Sensitive Liabilities, Re-pricing gap, and the impacts of interest rate changes on net interest income. Additionally, the Treasurer should explain the concept of FRAs and how they can be utilized to hedge the bank's interest rate risk effectively.
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A new small electrical appliance is to be assembled on a single model assembly line. The line will be operated 250 days/yr, 15 hr/day. The work content has been divided into work elements as defined in the table below. Also given are the element times and precedence requirements. Annual production is to be 200,000 units. It is anticipated that the line efficiency will be 0.96. Repositioning time for each worker is 0.08 min. Determine: 1.1.1 The average hourly production rate. (1) 1.1.2 The cycle time. (1) 1.1.3 The theoretical minimum number of workers required to meet annual production requirements. (1)
Annual production is to be 200,000 units. It is anticipated that the line efficiency will be 0.96. The repositioning time for each worker is 0.08 min. The average hourly production rate is 0.78 units/hour.
The given information is shown below:-
Number of working days per year (N) = 250
Working hours per day (H) = 15
Total number of work hours per year (N x H) = 3750
Efficient assembly (E) = 0.96
Number of products to be assembled per year = 200,000
Repositioning time per worker (R) = 0.08 minutes
Now, let us calculate the average hourly production rate using the following formula:
Average hourly production rate = (Total work content) ÷ (Total work hours)
Total work content = (Sum of (Element time × number of cycles of each element)) + Sum of (Element time × number of cycles of each element × precedence allowance factor)
Total work content = (0.45 × 1, 0.30 × 1, 0.22 × 1, 0.25 × 1, 0.30 × 1, 0.35 × 1, 0.30 × 1, 0.40 × 1, 0.20 × 1, 0.15 × 1) + (0.45 × 1 × 0.15, 0.30 × 1 × 0.40, 0.22 × 1 × 0.70, 0.25 × 1 × 0.25, 0.30 × 1 × 0.50, 0.35 × 1 × 0.30, 0.30 × 1 × 0.45, 0.40 × 1 × 0.20, 0.20 × 1 × 0.60, 0.15 × 1 × 0.85)
Total work content = 1.9 + 0.9
Total work content = 2.8 hours
Total work hours = (Number of work hours per year) × (Assembly line efficiency) – (Number of workers) × (Repositioning time per worker)
Total work hours = (3750 × 0.96) – (10 × 0.08)
Total work hours = 3588.8 – 0.8
Total work hours = 3588 hours
Substituting the values in the formula for the average hourly production rate we get:
Average hourly production rate = (Total work content) ÷ (Total work hours)
Average hourly production rate = 2.8 ÷ 3588
Average hourly production rate = 0.000781 units/hour or 0.78 units/hour (rounded off to two decimal places)
Therefore, the average hourly production rate is 0.78 units/hour.
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Suppose that Australia and Canada can produce the following amounts of Wheat and Corn in a year (measured in millions of tons) . Australia: 4 wheat or 12 corn . Canada: 2 wheat or 5 corn For Australia the opportunity cost of a million tons of wheat is: two and a half million tons of corn five million tons of corn three million tons of corn
The opportunity cost of a million tons of wheat for Australia is three million tons of corn.
The opportunity cost of a million tons of wheat for Australia can be determined by comparing the production possibilities between wheat and corn in Australia. According to the given information, Australia can produce either 4 million tons of wheat or 12 million tons of corn in a year.
To calculate the opportunity cost, we need to consider the trade-off between the two goods. In this case, if Australia decides to produce an additional million tons of wheat, it would need to give up the production of corn. From the production possibilities, we can see that for every 4 million tons of wheat, Australia gives up the production of 12 million tons of corn.
Therefore, the opportunity cost of a million tons of wheat for Australia is equivalent to three million tons of corn. This means that if Australia decides to allocate resources towards producing an extra million tons of wheat, it would have to forgo the production of three million tons of corn.
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1. The Ramsey Rule implies that goods be __________ in consumption.
Aunrelated
Bequal
Copposite
Dmoderate
2. "For goods that are unrelated in consumption, efficiency requires that tax rates be inversely proportional to elasticities." This is the definition of
Athe benefits-received principle.
Bthe Ramsey Rule.
Cthe second best principle.
Dthe inverse elasticity rule.
3. A time endowment i
Athe number of hours in a day.
Ba gift of time that a person receives.
Cthe maximum number of hours in a year that a person can work.
Dthe largest amount of time that can be spent at leisure.
Eall of the above.
1. The Ramsey Rule implies that goods be (D) moderate in consumption.
2. "For goods that are unrelated to consumption, efficiency requires that tax rates be inversely proportional to elasticities." This is the definition of (B) the Ramsey Rule.
3. A time endowment refers to (B) a gift of time that a person receives.
The Ramsey Rule states that when taxes on consumer goods are introduced, the tax should be inversely proportional to the elasticity of demand, as this would minimize the efficiency loss caused by the introduction of the tax. The tax should be applied more on those goods whose demand is less elastic and less on those goods whose demand is more elastic, or those goods that are moderately consumed.
The Ramsey Rule says, "For goods that are unrelated in consumption, efficiency requires that tax rates be inversely proportional to elasticities."
A time endowment is an amount of time assigned to an individual, group, or project. It is a present or a gift of time that a person receives. The time endowment specifies how much time a person has to accomplish a task.
Therefore, the correct options are D, B, and B.
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Is the rule in AASB 6 that permits exploration and evaluation expenditure to be carried forward (capitalised) in those situations where activities in the area of interest have not yet reached a stage
Yes, the rule in AASB 6 permits exploration and evaluation expenditure to be carried forward (capitalized) in those situations where activities in the area of interest have not yet reached a stage
.However, this treatment must only be used for expenditure that qualifies under the definition of exploration and evaluation expenditure. AASB 6, which covers the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources, establishes the accounting and disclosure requirements for expenditure incurred in connection with the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources.
According to AASB 6, exploration and evaluation expenditures are defined as follows: Exploration expenditures: Are expenditures related to discovering mineral resources. In particular, expenditures incurred when identifying mineral reserves, studying their composition, extent, and quality, as well as ascertaining the technical viability and commercial viability of extracting them, are included in this category. These expenditures do not include expenditures incurred once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource have been established.Evaluation expenditures: Are expenditures incurred following the discovery of mineral resources in order to assess the economic feasibility of extracting them.
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Abdullah, a project manager is identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities of an IT project. He is undertaking which of the following process?
Sequence Activities
Develop Schedule
Estimate Activity Durations
Define Activities
Abdullah, the project manager who is identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities of an IT project is undertaking the process of Sequence Activities.
Sequence Activities is the process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities. It is an iterative process that defines the logical sequences of work to obtain the desired output of the project. Sequence Activities is performed after Define Activities and before Develop Schedule. The output of this process is a project schedule network diagram, which includes all the dependencies of the activities. Sequence Activities Process involves identifying and documenting the specific activities to be performed, determining the logical relationships between the activities, and documenting the schedule network diagram. Hence, Abdullah is undertaking the Sequence Activities process.
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You are a shareholder in a C-corporation. The corporation earns $13 per share before taxes. After paying corporate taxes, the firm distributes the rest of its earnings to you as a dividend. The dividend is income to you, so you will then pay taxes on these earnings. The corporate tax rate is 37% and your tax rate on dividend income is 26%. How much is the individual dividend tax if the corporation pays all profits as dividends? Enter your answer in the following format: 12.34 Hint: Answer is between 1.92 and 2.34
In this problem, the corporation earns $13 per share before taxes. After paying the corporate tax rate of 37%, the remaining dividend amount is distributed to the shareholder. Answer: 2.13
The corporation's profit per share before tax = $13The corporate tax rate = 37%Therefore, the amount of tax paid by the corporation = $13 × 0.37 = $4.81The remaining amount of dividend paid per share = $13 - $4.81 = $8.19The shareholder's tax rate on dividend income is 26%.
Therefore, the dividend tax per share paid by the shareholder = $8.19 × 0.26 = $2.13Therefore, the individual dividend tax if the corporation pays all profits as dividends is $2.13 (rounded to two decimal places).
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LIST five differences between a factory that produces car tires
and sell them at National Sports retailer, and, Health Center that
provides medical services
A factory that produces car tires and sells them at a National Sports retailer differs from a health centre that provides medical services in several ways. Some differences include:
1. Nature of Business: One difference between a factory that produces car tires and a health centre that provides medical services is the nature of their businesses. A factory that produces car tires is a manufacturing business, whereas a health centre that provides medical services is a service business.
2. Tangibility of Products: Another difference between the two businesses is the tangibility of their products. The factory that produces car tires produces tangible products that can be seen and touched, while a health centre provides intangible services that cannot be seen or touched.
3. Market Characteristics: The market characteristics of the two businesses are also different. The market for car tires is generally larger and more competitive than the market for health services.
4. Customer Base: A factory that produces car tires sells its products to retailers like National Sports and other wholesalers. A health centre that provides medical services serves a specific customer base of patients who are seeking medical services.
5. Production Process: The production processes for the two businesses are also different. A factory that produces car tires uses large-scale machinery and equipment to produce its products, whereas a health centre that provides medical services uses human expertise and medical equipment to diagnose and treat patients.
Thus, the five differences between a factory that produces car tires and sells them at a National Sports retailer, and a Health Center that provides medical services are the nature of business, tangibility of products, market characteristics, customer base, and production process.
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Following the previous question, which of the following would best describe Customink's production process strategy? Job shop Make to order Batch Design to order 0/1 F Question 20 Which of the following is NOT true of a properly designed continuous flow process? it has extremely high capital intensity it has high levels of resource flexibility it emphasizes cost as a competitive priority it has minimal customer involvement
The statement "it emphasizes cost as a competitive priority" is NOT true of a properly designed continuous flow process.
A properly designed continuous flow process typically focuses on efficiency and maximizing throughput rather than cost as a competitive priority. Continuous flow processes are characterized by high capital intensity, meaning they require significant investment in equipment and infrastructure. They also have high levels of resource flexibility, allowing for smooth and uninterrupted production. However, they may have minimal customer involvement as the emphasis is on optimizing the flow of materials and minimizing disruptions rather than accommodating individual customer preferences or customization, which can be costly and disrupt the flow.
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The following information belongs to Kim Kardashian Clothing Outlet:
Maximum demand: 200 per week
Average demand: 160 per week
Minimum demand: 145 per week
Maximum lead time: 2 weeks
Average lead time: 1.5 weeks
Minimum lead time: 1.35 weeks
Re-order quantity per order: 500 dinner sets
Safety stock: 184 dinner sets
Required: Compute
Maximum level of stock
Minimum level of stock
Reorder Level
Maximum level of stock = 399
Minimum level of stock = 18
Reorder Level = 390
Given the following information belongs to Kim Kardashian Clothing Outlet:
Maximum demand: 200 per week
Average demand: 160 per week
Minimum demand: 145 per week
Maximum lead time: 2 weeks
Average lead time: 1.5 weeks
Minimum lead time: 1.35 weeks
Re-order quantity per order: 500 dinner sets
Safety stock: 184 dinner sets
We have the following formulas:
Maximum Level of Stock = Reorder Level + Reorder Quantity – 1
Minimum Level of Stock = Reorder Level – Average Weekly Usage (Lead Time)
Reorder Level = Maximum Usage x Maximum Lead Time or (Minimum Level of Stock + Safety Stock)Now, let's substitute the given values and evaluate each of the terms one by one.
The Maximum Level of Stock
Maximum Level of Stock = Reorder Level + Reorder Quantity – 1= (200 x 2) + 500 - 1= 399
The Minimum Level of Stock
Minimum Level of Stock = Reorder Level – Average Weekly Usage (Lead Time)= 200 x 1.35 - 160 x 1.5= 18
The Reorder Level
Reorder Level = Maximum Usage x Maximum Lead Time or (Minimum Level of Stock + Safety Stock)
= 200 x 2 or (145 + 184)= 390
Therefore, Maximum Level of Stock = 399 Minimum Level of Stock = 18 Reorder Level = 390
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Justify if inflation targeting could be pursued by the
Pacific Islands central banks
Inflation targeting refers to a monetary policy technique in which central banks seek to keep inflation rates within a certain range. Central banks in the Pacific Islands can pursue inflation targeting by implementing monetary policies that attempt to stabilize the rate of inflation at a specified level.
Inflation targeting can be pursued by Pacific Islands central banks is yes, it can be pursued. However, this decision would require considering various factors such as the nature of the economy, the level of development, the monetary and fiscal policies in place, and the desired outcome.
The Pacific Island countries have a small, open economy and therefore inflation targeting could be a good fit for them. The central banks can set a target inflation rate that they aim to maintain over a period of time. This could help to achieve price stability, which is important for sustainable economic growth.
In addition, inflation targeting could promote transparency in monetary policy. This would entail a clear communication strategy by the central banks about their objectives and plans for achieving them. This would help in shaping market expectations and would promote accountability for the central bank.
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If a consumer consumes two goods, A and B, and the price of A falls, then the income effect would cause the consumer to: a. buy more A and less B. b. buy less A and more B. c. buy less A and less B. d. buy more A and more B.
When the price of good A falls, it becomes relatively cheaper compared to good B. As a result, the consumer's purchasing power increases.
With the same level of income, the consumer can now afford to buy more of good A and may choose to reduce their consumption of good B. This is known as the income effect, which reflects the change in purchasing power due to the price change. When the price of good A falls, it creates a substitution effect and an income effect. The substitution effect suggests that the consumer will switch from the relatively more expensive good (B) to the now cheaper good (A).
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Delta Corporation's board of directors is considering a resolution that may cause severe liability to the directors. Wayne, a board member, disagrees with the decision. What should Wayne do to avoid liability?
Group of answer choices
A. Wayne has to clearly register his dissent.
B. Wayne has to convince other board members, or else he will be liable
C. Wayne should leave the board meeting in which the resolution is being adopted.
D. Wayne has no choice, and he will be liable for the board’s decision.
Wayne should choose option
A. Wayne has to clearly register his
dissent.
By clearly registering his dissent, Wayne is documenting his disagreement with the decision of the board. This action helps establish that he did not support or participate in the decision that may potentially lead to
liability
. It also demonstrates his diligence and responsible conduct as a board member.
Option B, convincing other board members, is not the sole responsibility of Wayne to avoid liability. While it is
beneficial
for Wayne to try to convince others, the final decision of the board is a collective responsibility, and Wayne cannot be held solely liable if he is unable to change their minds.
Option C, leaving the board meeting, does not absolve Wayne of liability. Merely leaving the meeting without expressing his dissent does not protect him from the
potential
consequences of the board's decision. It is important for Wayne to actively voice his disagreement and ensure that it is recorded appropriately.
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how does the author's choice to use the above passage to impact the development of the ideas of naturalism in the novel?
The characters' behavior is portrayed as being influenced by their environment rather than by their own individual choices or beliefs.
The passage uses vivid descriptions of the natural world to show how the characters are shaped by their surroundings. For example, the description of the swamp as "a vast, dense tangle, a swampy thicket" suggests that it is a dangerous and inhospitable place that can easily overpower those who venture into it. This creates a sense of foreboding and danger that influences the behavior of the characters who are forced to navigate this environment.
The passage also emphasizes the characters' helplessness in the face of their environment. The phrase "the wilderness masters the colonists" suggests that the colonists are at the mercy of their surroundings, rather than being in control of their own fate. This is a key tenet of naturalism, which argues that individuals are subject to larger forces that are beyond their control.
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Consider the following potential events that might have occurred to Global on December 30, 2018. For each one, indicate which line items in Global's statement of financial decision would be affected and by how much. Also indicate the change to Global's book value of equity. Complete parts a through f below. WIE. Global used $19.1 million of its available cash to repay $19.1 million of its long-term debt.
OA. Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would decrease by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged. O B. Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would decrease by the same amount. The book value of equity would change by $19.1 million. OC. Long-term liabilities would increase by $19.1 million, and cash would increase by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged. O D. Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would increase by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged.
The events that might have occurred to Global on December 30, 2018, are : WIE.
Global used $19.1 million of its available cash to repay $19.1 million of its long-term debt. Answer and Explanation: a) Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would decrease by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged .b) Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would decrease by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged because the value of the assets decreased by $19.1 million when the liability was repaid .c) Long-term liabilities would increase by $19.1 million, and cash would increase by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged .d) Long-term liabilities would decrease by $19.1 million, and cash would increase by the same amount. The book value of equity would be unchanged because both the liability and the asset would decrease by the same amount, and thus the total assets of Global would be unchanged. The correct option is option A. In this case, the decrease in long-term liabilities will have no impact on the company's equity book value since it was financed by a reduction in cash. A decrease in the value of one asset and an equal decrease in the value of one liability has no net impact on equity, so the book value of equity is unchanged.
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_________ is essential in building long-term
relationships between businesses and consumers
Effective communication is the key to building long-term relationships between businesses and consumers.
Building a long-term relationship with consumers is a vital goal for any business. Such a relationship not only provides a consistent customer base but also fosters loyalty, which can result in word-of-mouth recommendations, positive reviews and increased revenue.
Effective communication is crucial to start and maintain such relationships. This communication involves listening to customers’ needs and preferences, asking for feedback, responding to complaints and suggestions, and keeping them informed about new products and services.
Thus, businesses must be willing to invest in communication strategies to build trust, create transparency and develop a shared understanding with their customers. Developing such relationships takes time and effort, but it pays off in the long run, particularly in customer loyalty.
A business that values communication and builds long-term relationships with its customers can create a sustainable competitive edge in today’s market.
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Reflection
Competency 1: Evaluate data-driven processes and approaches of an organization’s operations.
This reflection activity is comprised of two sections, collectively totaling a minimum of 500 words. Complete your reflections by responding to all prompts.
Operations Management
Explain what work in operations management looks like and what key operational decisions a firm needs to make to match supply with demand. Determine how to improve process efficiency by off-loading a bottleneck or how to balance a process by relocating work from one step to another.
Evaluate the Lean Philosophy
Choose 3 of the following questions to discuss:
What is the Lean concept and why is it important to study?
How can Lean be applied to manufacturing and service processes?
Will Lean work in service environments? Why or why not?
Discuss ways to use Lean to improve 1 of the following: a pizza restaurant, a hospital, or an auto dealership.
Why is Lean hard to implement in practice?
Explain the relationship between quality and productivity under the Lean philosophy.
Operations management involves overseeing various aspects of an organization's activities to ensure efficient production and delivery of goods and services. Key operational decisions include matching supply with demand, improving process efficiency by addressing bottlenecks, and balancing work across different steps.
Operations management involves overseeing the activities and processes within an organization to ensure efficient production and delivery of goods and services.
It encompasses various aspects such as supply chain management, production planning, inventory management, and quality control.
The key operational decisions that a firm needs to make to match supply with demand include forecasting demand, determining production capacity, managing inventory levels, and implementing appropriate scheduling and production control systems.
These decisions aim to optimize resources, minimize costs, and meet customer demands effectively.
To improve process efficiency, one approach is to identify and address bottlenecks. Bottlenecks are points in a process where the flow is constrained, causing delays and inefficiencies.
Off-loading a bottleneck can involve increasing capacity at that particular step by adding more resources or streamlining the process to reduce cycle time. Another approach is to balance the process by redistributing work from one step to another.
This can be achieved by analyzing the workload at each step and identifying opportunities to allocate tasks more evenly, ensuring that no single step becomes overloaded while others remain underutilized.
Overall, the goal of operations management is to optimize processes, resources, and workflows to meet customer demands efficiently, reduce costs, and maximize productivity.
By making informed decisions and continuously improving operations, organizations can achieve competitive advantages in the marketplace.
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Icemoon Incorporation has bonds with 12 years to maturity, a par value of $1,000, a YTM of 8 percent, and a current price of 847.53. The bonds make semiannual payments. What must be the coupon rate be on these bonds?
a. 5.73 percent b. 4 percent c. 6 percent d. 8.73 percent e. 7.52 percent
To determine the coupon rate on the bonds issued by Icemoon Incorporation. The coupon rate on the Icemoon Incorporation bonds must be 6 percent.
The coupon rate on a bond represents the annual interest payment as a percentage of the bond's par value. To find the coupon rate, we can use the present value formula and solve for the rate.
The present value of a bond can be calculated by discounting the future cash flows (coupon payments and the par value) using the yield to maturity. In this case, the bond makes semiannual payments, so we need to adjust the time period and the yield accordingly.
Let's calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows:
PV = (C / 2) * [1 - (1 + r/2)^(-2t)] / (r/2) + (1000 / (1 + r/2)^(2t))
Here, PV is the current price ($847.53), C is the coupon payment, r is the yield to maturity (8% or 0.08), and t is the number of years to maturity (12).
By substituting the given values and solving for C (the coupon payment), we can determine the coupon rate. The correct answer is option C: 6 percent.
To calculate the coupon rate on the bonds issued by Icemoon Incorporation, we can use the present value formula and apply it to the given information. The present value of a bond represents the sum of the present values of its future cash flows, which include the periodic coupon payments and the par value payment at maturity.
In this case, the bonds have a maturity period of 12 years, a par value of $1,000, a yield to maturity (YTM) of 8 percent, and a current price of $847.53. Since the bond makes semiannual payments, we need to adjust the time period and the yield accordingly.
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Find the internal rate of return (IRR) for a proposed project costing $150,374. Assume that the estimated cash flows for the life of the project are found in the table below. Please format your answer
Answer: - IRR = 48.4
Explanation:
A seven-year bond paying coupons annually has a yield of 8% and a duration of 7.212 years. If the bond's yield changes by 40 basis points, what is the percentage change in the bond's price? (Input the value as a positive value. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The percentage change in the bond's price due to a 40 basis point yield change is approximately -2.88%.
To calculate the percentage change in the bond's price, we can use the modified duration formula: Percentage change in price = - Modified duration × Yield change
In this case, the modified duration is 7.212 years, and the yield change is 40 basis points, which is equivalent to 0.40%. Plugging these values into the formula:
Percentage change in price = - 7.212 × 0.40 = -2.8848%.Rounding the result to two decimal places, we get approximately -2.88%. Therefore, the percentage change in the bond's price is -2.88% (expressed as a positive value).
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Why is the acquisition of information technology a knowledge
area of interest for Program Managers?
The acquisition of information technology is a critical area of interest for Program Managers because it enables them to align IT systems with program objectives, plan and procure necessary resources, manage risks, etc.
Strategic Alignment: Information technology acquisition ensures that the program's IT systems and infrastructure align with the strategic objectives of the organization. Program Managers need to understand the organization's IT needs and how technology can support program goals and outcomes.
Planning and Procurement: Program Managers need to plan and procure the necessary IT resources and technologies to support the program's objectives. This includes identifying the required hardware, software, networks, and other IT components, as well as managing the procurement process.
Integration and Implementation: Program Managers oversee the integration and implementation of IT systems within the program. This involves coordinating with IT teams, ensuring smooth integration with existing systems, managing data migration, and addressing technical challenges.
Risk Management: IT acquisition involves risks such as cost overruns, delays, and technology obsolescence. Program Managers need to identify, assess, and mitigate these risks to ensure the successful acquisition and implementation of IT systems.
Stakeholder Management: IT acquisition impacts various stakeholders, including end-users, IT teams, vendors, and senior management. Program Managers need to effectively communicate with stakeholders, manage expectations, and ensure their needs are addressed throughout the acquisition process.
By understanding the intricacies of IT acquisition, Program Managers can make informed decisions, mitigate risks, and ensure the successful delivery of programs.
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