how did the status of islam in west africa change after the establishment of the sokoto caliphate?

One of the most important centers of the slave trade in Central Africa was the Kingdom of Kongo and Now congo.

Kongo was a major slave trade center in Central Africa. Kongo supplied slaves to the Atlantic slave trade.

During the slave trade, Kongo traded with Portugal. Portuguese traders arrived in the late 15th century and formed alliances with Kongolese kings. Alliances captured and sold slaves from Central Africa to the coast. Slaves from Kongo taken to West African coastal areas Angola & São Tomé and Príncipe. They were transported to the Americas to work on plantations and in labor-intensive industries.

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According to the front page of the New York Journal newspaper from February 17, 1898, the headline states that the destruction of the USS Maine was the work of an enemy.

The sinking of the USS Maine was a significant event that occurred on February 15, 1898, in Havana Harbor, Cuba. The explosion resulted in the loss of the ship and the deaths of 266 American crew members. The incident played a pivotal role in sparking the Spanish-American War.

During this time, tensions between the United States and Spain were high due to the Cuban struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule. The New York Journal, along with other newspapers, fueled public sentiment by publishing stories and images depicting Spanish oppression in Cuba.

The headline suggesting that the destruction of the Maine was the work of an enemy reflects the prevailing sentiment and political climate at the time. It served to further inflame public opinion against Spain and strengthen the argument for American intervention in Cuba.

However, it is important to note that subsequent investigations into the incident reached different conclusions. The official U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry in 1898 stated that the cause of the explosion could not be determined with certainty. A later investigation in 1911 suggested that a coal bunker fire could have ignited the ship's magazines, causing the explosion.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (1960)

Congress of Racial Equality

Greensboro Sit-ins (1960)

Freedom Rides (1961)

Albany Movement (1961-1962)

Birmingham Campaign (1963)

March on Washington (1963)

Mississippi Freedom Summer (1964)

24th Amendment (1964)

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Selma to Montgomery March (1965)

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Watts Riots (1965)

Black Panther Party (1966)

Assassinations of Malcolm X (1965) and Martin Luther King Jr. (1968)

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)

Bakke v. University of California (1978)

Atlanta Child Murders (1979-1981)

The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The "congregate" system, also known as the Pennsylvania system, was a prison reform model that emerged in the early 19th century. It was first implemented at the Eastern State Penitentiary, which opened in 1829 in Philadelphia. This system aimed to rehabilitate prisoners through solitary confinement and reflection.

Under the congregate system, each prisoner was confined to an individual cell and was isolated from other inmates. The cells were designed to prevent communication between prisoners, and they often had small exercise yards attached. The philosophy behind this system was based on the belief that solitary confinement would give prisoners the opportunity to reflect on their crimes, experience penitence, and reform their behavior.

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It is an excellent idea to teach Shakespeare in a maximum security prison common lit. Shakespearean plays contain multiple themes such as love, betrayal, forgiveness, and vengeance. All of these themes are relevant in a prison setting.

Teaching Shakespeare will also develop the prisoners' reading and comprehension skills. The language of Shakespeare may be complicated at times, but it's an excellent opportunity for the prisoners to develop their vocabulary. As a result, their ability to express themselves will improve, which is an essential skill in the post-prison world.Apart from that, prisoners may learn how to use Shakespeare's language to express their emotions and ideas.

They may identify with certain characters and relate to their circumstances, which could help them in their personal development. Teaching Shakespeare in a maximum security prison common lit is an excellent idea. It will develop the prisoners' reading, comprehension, and expressive skills. It will also help them identify with certain characters and relate to their circumstances, which could aid in their personal development.

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Some countries have become wealthy since 1800 while others have remained in poverty or even gotten poorer due to several factors. Here are a few of them:Industrialization: The Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, allowing for the mass production of goods using machines. This helped to boost the economies of European countries and paved the way for further economic development.

Other countries that did not experience industrialization were left behind in terms of economic growth and development.Technology: Technology has played a significant role in the economic development of countries. Countries that are more technologically advanced are better able to produce goods and services, and this has led to higher economic growth rates. Countries that lack access to technology or have lower technological capabilities are at a disadvantage when it comes to economic development.Natural resources: Countries with abundant natural resources have an advantage when it comes to economic development. These resources can be used for trade and can be sold to other countries for a profit. Countries with few natural resources are at a disadvantage when it comes to economic development.Education: Education plays a critical role in economic development. Countries with higher levels of education tend to have more skilled workers, which can lead to higher levels of economic growth.

Countries with lower levels of education tend to have less skilled workers, which can limit economic growth and development.Government policies: The policies that governments put in place can have a significant impact on economic growth and development. Countries with policies that encourage entrepreneurship, investment, and economic growth tend to perform better economically than those with policies that discourage these activities.Overall, there are several factors that can contribute to a country's economic growth and development. Industrialization, technology, natural resources, education, and government policies all play a critical role. Countries that have been able to leverage these factors to their advantage have become wealthy since 1800, while others that have not have remained in poverty or even gotten poorer.

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The ancient Egyptians found inspiration for their Gods in nature, animals, and their daily life. They believed that Gods controlled natural events such as the flooding of the Nile and the growth of crops. They also believed that their Pharaohs were descendants of Gods and were considered divine.

The king who constructed the "Step Pyramid" was Djoser and he was from the Third Dynasty. The city that served as the capital for the Old Kingdom was Memphis. The city that served as the capital for the Middle and New Kingdoms was Thebes.The political and economic consequences of the fact that almost the entire population of ancient Egypt lived near the Nile could be seen as positive and negative. The Nile River allowed for the fertile soil to create prosperous agriculture, which led to a surplus of food and enabled a strong economy. The river was also a means of transportation, which made trade and communication easier.

However, the proximity to the Nile made it vulnerable to floods and natural disasters which could lead to crop failure and famine, political instability, and societal unrest.

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The correct answer is International Atomic Energy Agency(IEAE).The Convention on Nuclear Safety is a legally binding agreement that obligates signatories to ensure that the safety of land-based civilian nuclear reactors is maintained. The enforcement of this convention is reliant on the member states who have jurisdiction over the reactor, not on the International Court of Justice or the UN Environment Program.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the only international body with the authority to monitor and enforce the convention. The International Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for verifying that the signatories comply with their obligations under the Convention. The IAEA accomplishes this by conducting peer reviews, examining national reports, and making safety recommendations to improve the implementation of the Convention. Furthermore, the IAEA is required to organize periodic meetings of the Convention's contracting parties to review its implementation.The Convention's enforcement relies on the member states who have jurisdiction over the reactor. The member states are required to report to the IAEA on the implementation of the convention in their country, as well as to cooperate with the IAEA in the event of a nuclear accident or other emergency.

The IAEA is also allowed to conduct reviews of member states' performance in implementing the Convention and to make recommendations for improvement.Finally, the Convention on Nuclear Safety is a critical piece of the global nuclear safety architecture. It has played a significant role in improving the safety of nuclear power plants worldwide by encouraging states to share best practices and safety knowledge.

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Answer:

3. Enervate

Explanation:

To energize means to give energy, vitality or enthusiasm to something or someone. On the other hand, to enervate means to drain someone or something of their vitality. Saying this enervate is the least similar to the word "energize"

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The pattern in the numbers of nuclear weapons shown in the table after 1985 is best explained by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. The correct option is D.

An era of intense political and military competition between the United States and the Soviet Union was known as the Cold War, and it lasted from the late 1940s until the early 1990s. As a deterrent and a method of maintaining strategic balance, both nations maintain sizable nuclear arsenals.

The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War are to blame for the pattern of nuclear weapon numbers declining after 1985.

Thus, the ideal selection is option D.

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In the first quarter of the 20th century, women replaced men most rapidly in the following pairs of occupations.

Clerical Work: With the growth of industries and the need for administrative support, women began to take on roles such as typists, secretaries, and clerks. The demand for clerical workers increased, and women were hired to fill these positions. Teaching: As education expanded and more schools were established, there was a growing need for teachers. Women entered the teaching profession in large numbers, particularly at the elementary and secondary levels. It is important to note that women's participation in the workforce during this period varied across different regions and industries. These two examples highlight some of the occupations where women experienced significant employment growth and replaced men during the first quarter of the 20th century.

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Answer:

At Yalta, Stalin agreed that Soviet forces would join the Allies in the war against Japan within "two or three months" after Germany's surrender in return he gave them Poland

Answer:

Religion plays an important role in human life and society all the time. Religion provides a value system that guides human life and society in regulating behavior patterns.

The role of religion in society has changed over time. In the past, religion played an important role in regulating social and political life. However, in modern times, the role of religion focuses more on personal and spiritual life.

Explanation:

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Religion plays played different parts in social orders across time, including giving an ethical system, molding social practices and convictions, impacting social union, and filling in as a wellspring of personality and significance for people and networks. These jobs have been impacted by a scope of elements, including verifiable occasions, social changes, and changes in cultural qualities.

Moral System: Religion has frequently filled in as a directing power for moral way of behaving and virtues inside social orders. It gives people an ethical compass, setting principles for good and bad, and impacting individual and cultural lead.

Social Practices and Convictions: Religion has profoundly impacted social practices, customs, customs, and convictions. It has molded workmanship, engineering, music, writing, and different types of social articulation, adding to the rich variety of human civilization.

Social Union: Religion plays had a huge impact in cultivating social union and local area bonds. It has given a feeling of having a place and solidarity among devotees, advancing collaboration, common help, and aggregate personality. Strict togetherness and functions frequently act as stages for social cooperation and fortitude.

Wellspring of Character and Importance: Religion has given people and networks a feeling of personality and reason. It offers replies to existential inquiries, gives a structure to figuring out the world and one's place in it, and offers solace and trust in the midst of difficulty.

Changes in the Roles of Religion: The jobs of religion have advanced over the long run because of different variables. Logical progressions, secularization, globalization, social and political developments, and social movements have affected how religion is seen and rehearsed. Changes in cultural qualities and standards have prompted reevaluations of strict lessons and the rise of new strict developments. Moreover, strict contentions, colonization, and the spread of thoughts through innovation and correspondence play affected the parts and impact of religion in various social orders.

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In its March 1895 "Woman Suffrage Leaflet," the Office of the Woman's Journal published an article by Henry B. Blackwell titled "Objection to Woman Suffrage Answered." Blackwell stated that the proposed Equal Rights Amendment states: "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.

"Henry B. Blackwell and the Office of the Woman's Journal would have been supportive of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. The amendment would have ensured that equality of rights was not denied on account of sex, which was a major issue for advocates of women's suffrage. As Blackwell stated in the "Woman Suffrage Leaflet," there were many objections to women's suffrage, including the argument that it would undermine the family and society.

However, the proposed Equal Rights Amendment would have helped to address these objections by ensuring that women were afforded equal rights under the law. Therefore, Blackwell and the Office of the Woman's Journal would have likely supported the amendment as a means of furthering women's rights and equality in the United States.

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Answer:

B. Was a democratic candidate for president

Postwar governments faced many political problems, and this was more pronounced in countries that suffered physical destruction and economic disruptions as a result of World War II. Below are three political problems that postwar governments encountered.

Restoration of political stability One of the most pressing political problems postwar governments faced was restoring political stability after the devastation of World War II. The war destroyed political institutions and created political instability across Europe, making it difficult for postwar governments to govern effectively.

The devastation of the war also created fertile ground for the rise of extremist political ideologies such as communism and fascism, which further undermined political stability. Reconstruction of physical infrastructure Another major political problem postwar governments faced was the reconstruction of physical infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, railways, and public buildings.

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, marked the end of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) between Mexico and the United States.

Under the terms of the treaty, Mexico agreed to cede a significant portion of its territory to the United States. Here are the main provisions of the treaty: Recognition of the Mexican Cession: Mexico acknowledged the loss of Texas and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary between Mexico and the United States. Territory Cession: Mexico ceded a vast territory known as the Mexican Cession, which included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Reparations: The United States agreed to pay Mexico $15 million in compensation for the land it acquired. The U.S. government also assumed approximately $3.25 million in debts owed by the Mexican government to American citizens. Protection of Mexican Citizens: The treaty guaranteed protection of property rights and civil liberties for Mexicans who chose to remain in the ceded territories. However, despite these assurances, many Mexican citizens faced discrimination and land dispossession in the years following the treaty. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo significantly altered the geography of North America, establishing the current border between the United States and Mexico. It had far-reaching consequences for both countries and played a crucial role in shaping the history of the American West.

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The countries in Europe with the best population densities are displayed on the guide above. Britain, Italy, and Germany

A proportion of individuals for every unit of land region is called populace thickness (otherwise called standing stock or plant thickness in horticulture).

Albeit every so often utilized with other living things, it is most often applied to individuals.

It is a significant countries geographic word. Basic definition: population densities is the proportion of individuals per square kilometer (or comparable unit of geological region) in a given region.

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The Holocaust was a period in history between 1933 and 1945 where the Nazis killed about 6 million Jews. The Jews were killed in concentration camps, gas chambers, and through other forms of extermination. The victims of the Holocaust were Jews, homosexuals, Gypsies, Communists, and others who were deemed inferior by the Nazis.

The Nazis subjected these groups of people to dehumanization, forced labor, and starvation. The United States response to the Holocaust before World War II was slow. The United States government was aware of the events that were taking place in Europe, but it did not take any action. Many people in the United States were not aware of the events that were taking place in Europe during the Holocaust. In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called for a conference in which thirty-two countries came together to discuss the issue of Jewish refugees. However, this conference did not yield any results as the countries refused to admit Jewish refugees.

In 1941, the United States joined World War II, and it began to take action against the Nazis. It provided aid to the Allies, and the war eventually ended in 1945. After the war, the United States was instrumental in bringing Nazi war criminals to justice through the Nuremberg Trials.In conclusion, the Holocaust was a tragic period in history, and millions of people died. The United States response to the Holocaust before World War II was slow, but it began to take action after joining the war. After the war, the United States played a critical role in bringing the Nazi war criminals to justice. This is a long answer.

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The thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-sixth amendments are significant amendments to the United States Constitution. Thirteenth Amendment The Thirteenth Amendment, which was ratified in December 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

This amendment was crucial because it brought an end to slavery and involuntary servitude, which were the most important issues in the Civil War.Fourteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in July 1868. It includes provisions that give citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, and it protects the due process of law and equal protection of the laws. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides protection against discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender.Fifteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in February 1870. It prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

This amendment gave African American men the right to vote.Nineteenth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in August 1920. It prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on gender. This amendment gave women the right to vote.Twenty-sixth Amendment The Twenty-sixth Amendment was ratified in July 1971. It prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen who is eighteen years of age or older the right to vote. This amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

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The statement that Rome's Colosseum was built on the site of an artificial lake where a colossal statue of Emperor Nero once stood is not accurate.

The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, was constructed on the grounds of an area known as the "Golden House" or Domus Aurea, which was an extensive complex built by Emperor Nero. However, there is no historical evidence to suggest that a specific artificial lake or a colossal statue of Nero was present at the exact location of the Colosseum. The Colosseum was commissioned by Emperor Vespasian in 70-72 AD and completed by his son Titus in 80 AD, and it was primarily used for gladiatorial contests, spectacles, and public events.

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The savanna is a broad grassland with scattered trees. Its land supports large numbers of wild animals, as well as livestock such as cattle, sheep, and horses.

Explanation:

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Answer: Government can provide services that would not be practical for private businesses to provide, such as a national military.

One benefit of the government providing services instead of allowing the free market and private businesses to do so is that the government can provide services that would not be practical for private businesses to provide, such as a national military. While private businesses play a crucial role in the economy and provide various goods and services, certain services that require large-scale coordination, public safety, or national security may not be feasible or efficient for private entities to undertake.

For example, a national military is responsible for defending the country and protecting its citizens. The resources and capabilities required for maintaining a military force, including personnel, equipment, intelligence gathering, and strategic planning, are typically beyond the scope and capacity of private businesses. The government can allocate the necessary resources and coordinate the defense efforts on a national scale, ensuring the security and stability of the country.

Additionally, there are services that have a public interest or social welfare component, which may not align with the profit motives of private businesses. These services often require government intervention to ensure equitable access and fair distribution, such as public education, healthcare, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs.

It is important to note that the division between government and private sector involvement in providing services can vary depending on the country and its specific political and economic systems. The optimal balance between government and private sector involvement is a subject of ongoing debate and varies across different sectors and industries.

Using historical data to make informed decisions about how things may be in the future is not necessarily an example of making predictions, but rather a form of forecasting or projection.

Predictions typically involve making specific and precise statements about future outcomes or events, often based on intuition, speculation, or subjective judgment. In contrast, using historical data for informed decision-making involves analyzing past patterns, trends, and behaviors to gain insights into potential future outcomes. This approach recognizes that historical data can provide valuable information about the factors and dynamics that have influenced certain situations or phenomena in the past. By studying historical data and identifying recurring patterns or correlations, individuals or organizations can make more informed decisions and develop strategies that are based on evidence and trends observed in the past. However, it's important to note that the future is inherently uncertain, and relying solely on historical data may not capture all the complexities and potential disruptions that could arise. Therefore, historical data should be used as one tool among others in the decision-making process, along with critical thinking, expert opinions, and other relevant information sources.

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Correct Statement: Presidents can use political appointments to send messages about their management style or expectations of government.

Incorrect Statement: The Pendleton Act outlawed political appointments for bureaucratic agencies. The Pendleton Act, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, did not outlaw political appointments for bureaucratic agencies. In fact, the Pendleton Act aimed to reform the federal civil service system by establishing a merit-based system for hiring and promotion, reducing the role of political patronage in appointments, and creating a Civil Service Commission to oversee the process. The act introduced competitive examinations and qualifications for government positions, aiming to ensure that appointments were based on merit rather than political favoritism. Therefore, the statement that the Pendleton Act outlawed political appointments for bureaucratic agencies is incorrect.

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The strengths of an attorney general are Excellent Communication Skills, Judgment, Analytical abilities, Research abilities, Perseverance, Creativity, Ability to think logically and Public Speaking Capabilities.

The weakness of an attorney general is that they frequently work long hours and are under a lot of stress. This can lead to burnout and make providing high-quality legal services difficult.

The attorney general as well as attorney-general sometimes abbreviated AG or Atty.-Gen is the government's primary legal advisor in most common law jurisdictions. Attorneys general is the plural. Attorneys general may also have executive responsibility for law enforcement, prosecutions, or even legal affairs in general in some jurisdictions.

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Enslaved people in the South generally reacted to news of the Emancipation Proclamation by protesting, such as by staging work slowdowns.  The correct answer  is  Option 2.

Emancipation Proclamation and its impact The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln. It declared that "all persons held as slaves" within the Confederate states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Although it did not immediately free any enslaved people since it only applied to states in rebellion against the Union, the proclamation was still significant in that it transformed the war from a struggle for reunion to a battle for freedom for enslaved people. Even though not all the enslaved people were directly freed by the Emancipation Proclamation, it had a significant impact on the war.

The Confederacy had always relied on enslaved people for labor, and the proclamation deprived the Confederacy of a significant amount of its workforce and morale. Some enslaved people sought to flee their masters to join Union forces, while others staged protests and work slowdowns, causing disruptions to the Confederate war effort.

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After the Gupta’s took control, they embraced C. Hinduism.

One way to describe Hinduism is as a combination of the belief systems, customs, and ideas that emerged  in ancient India. This belief system is distinguished by the acceptance of reincarnation, as well as a belief in Brahman, a supreme deity who manifests in different forms as various gods and goddesses.

Once the Gupta dynasty gained power in ancient India, they adopted and advocated for the prevalence of Hinduism as the primary religious and cultural doctrine. The Guptas were known for their patronage towards Hinduism and its different gods and goddesses.

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