\Mechanistic and organic organizational models are two contrasting approaches to structuring and managing an organization. Mechanistic models are characterized by centralized decision-making, hierarchical structures, formal rules and procedures, and specialized roles. In contrast, organic models emphasize decentralization, flexible structures, collaborative decision-making, and cross-functional teams.
The mechanistic organizational model is based on a traditional and bureaucratic approach. It is characterized by a rigid hierarchy, clear division of labor, formalized rules and procedures, and centralized decision-making. In this model, authority flows from top management down to lower-level employees. Communication channels are formal and follow a vertical structure. The mechanistic model is suitable for stable environments with routine tasks and standardized processes, where efficiency and control are valued.
On the other hand, the organic organizational model is more flexible and adaptable. It promotes decentralization and empowers employees to make decisions. There is less emphasis on rigid hierarchy and more focus on cross-functional teams, collaboration, and open communication. The organic model is suited for dynamic and complex environments that require innovation, creativity, and quick adaptation to change.
Both models have their advantages and limitations. Mechanistic models offer efficiency, clear role expectations, and stability, but they may limit employee autonomy and hinder innovation. Organic models foster collaboration, adaptability, and employee empowerment, but they can be challenging to manage in large organizations and may lead to ambiguity and lack of accountability.
Organizations often adopt a hybrid approach, incorporating elements from both models to strike a balance between efficiency and flexibility. The choice of organizational model depends on various factors, including industry dynamics, organizational culture, size, and strategic goals.
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Glenmark has a debt equity ratio of 0.15 and its WACC is 12.74% with a tax rate of 45%, Calculate its after tax cost of debt if the cost of equity is 14%. (Show your answers in percentage and do not include the percentage symbol.)
The after-tax cost of debt for Glenmark is 3.08%. Debt is defined as an obligation that requires the debtor to pay the money to their creditor. ' Debt is nothing but the amount of money one borrows.
To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, we can use the following formula:
After-tax cost of debt = Cost of debt × (1 - Tax rate)
Given:
Debt equity ratio = 0.15
WACC = 12.74% (0.1274)
Tax rate = 45% (0.45)
Cost of equity = 14% (0.14)
First, let's calculate the cost of debt using the debt-equity ratio and WACC:
Debt ratio = Debt / (Debt + Equity)
0.15 = Debt / (Debt + Equity)
0.15 = Debt / 1
Debt = 0.15
Equity = 1 - Debt
Equity = 0.85
Now, let's calculate the cost of debt:
WACC = (Equity × Cost of equity) + (Debt × Cost of debt)
0.1274 = (0.85 × 0.14) + (0.15 × Cost of debt)
Simplifying the equation:
0.1274 = 0.119 + 0.15 × Cost of debt
Rearranging the equation to solve for the Cost of debt:
0.15 × Cost of debt = 0.1274 - 0.119
Cost of debt = 0.056 or 5.6%
Finally, let's calculate the after-tax cost of debt using the tax rate:
After-tax cost of debt = Cost of debt × (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 0.0308 or 3.08%
Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt for Glenmark is 3.08%.
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examine the pros and cons of hiring an inside sale staff or
outsourcing to a prominent sports sales company to manage ticket
sales at a division one college athletic program
Examine the pros and cons of hiring an inside sales staff, or outsourcing sales to a prominent sport sales company, to manage ticket sales at a Division I college athletic department.
Hiring an inside sales staff offers the advantage of having dedicated personnel who can provide personalized service and have a deep understanding of the college athletic program. Outsourcing to a prominent sports sales company provides expertise, established processes, and potentially wider reach, but may lack the same level of program-specific knowledge and personalization.
Hiring an inside sales staff:
Pros:
1. Personalized service: An inside sales staff can develop relationships with customers, provide personalized assistance, and tailor sales strategies to the specific needs and preferences of the college athletic program.
2. In-depth program knowledge: Internal staff members have a deep understanding of the college athletic program, its values, and its fan base, allowing them to effectively promote ticket sales and engage with fans on a more personal level.
Cons:
1. Resource-intensive: Hiring and training a dedicated inside sales team can be time-consuming and costly, requiring investment in recruitment, salaries, benefits, and ongoing training.
2. Limited expertise: The inside sales staff may not have the same level of expertise and specialized sales techniques as an outsourced sports sales company, potentially impacting sales effectiveness and revenue generation.
Outsourcing to a sports sales company:
Pros:
1. Established expertise: A prominent sports sales company brings specialized knowledge, experience, and proven sales strategies to the table, potentially leading to improved sales performance and revenue generation.
2. Wider reach: Outsourced sales companies often have established networks and resources to reach a broader audience, increasing the potential for ticket sales and fan engagement.
Cons:
1. Lack of program-specific knowledge: An outsourced sales company may not possess the same in-depth knowledge and understanding of the college athletic program, resulting in a potentially less personalized sales approach.
2. Potential loss of control: Outsourcing sales means relinquishing some control over the sales process and customer interactions, which may lead to concerns about brand representation and customer satisfaction.
Ultimately, the decision to hire an inside sales staff or outsource to a sports sales company depends on factors such as budget, available resources, desired level of personalization, and the importance of specialized sales expertise in relation to the specific goals and values of the college athletic program.
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When a decision is made based on a simple majority vote it is possible for the total benefits to the community of this decision to be less than the total costs to the community of this decision. True False
The statement "When a decision is made based on a simple majority vote, it is possible for the total benefits to the community of this decision to be less than the total costs to the community of this decision" is True.
A majority vote is a decision-making process where the option with the most votes, surpassing half of the total votes, is considered the winning choice. While this method is commonly used in democratic systems to determine outcomes, it is not without limitations.
When a decision is made solely based on a simple majority vote, there is a possibility that the total benefits of the chosen decision may be outweighed by the total costs to the community. This can occur because the majority's preferences may not align with the overall well-being or interests of the minority or the community as a whole.
In a democratic society, the objective is to produce outcomes that are acceptable and beneficial to all stakeholders, rather than solely favoring a particular group or the majority. A simple majority vote may not always achieve this goal, as it can lead to a division within the community and neglect the interests of the minority.
In conclusion, when decisions are made based on a simple majority vote, there is a potential for the total benefits to the community to be less than the total costs. The simple majority vote may not always result in the most beneficial outcome for the entire society, as it may overlook the interests and well-being of the minority or other stakeholders.
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As a conflict management strategy. compromising represents a strong effort to pursue our own outcomes and a moderate effort to help the other party achieve his or her outcomes. True False
As a conflict management strategy, compromising represents a moderate effort to pursue our own outcomes and a moderate effort to help the other party achieve his or her outcomes.
This statement is true. What is compromising? Compromising refers to a conflict management technique that falls halfway between competing and accommodating. Compromise occurs when each party gives up something of value to achieve a common goal. Each side makes a significant effort to maintain its primary objectives but accepts some loss to reach an agreement.The aim of compromising: When it comes to resolving conflicts, the purpose of compromising is to meet the requirements of both parties halfway. Each party makes a good-faith effort to achieve its goals while acknowledging the other party's needs and concerns. As a result, both parties walk away from the situation feeling heard and respected.Compromise can assist to establish or rebuild trust among people who have a contentious relationship. When a compromise is reached, both parties may feel that they have gained something while still making concessions. As a result, both parties may feel more comfortable working together in the future, and their relationship may be strengthened.
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In a fixed-for-fixed currency swap, 3% on a US dollar principal of $150 million is received and 4% on a British pound principal of 100 million pounds is paid. The current exchange rate is 1.55 dollar per pound. Interest rates in both countries for all maturities are currently 5% (continuously compounded). Payments are exchanged every year. The swap has 2.5 years left in its life. What is the value of the swap?
Group of answer choices
−$7.15
−$8.15
−$9.15 ( Correct Answer)
−$10.15
The value of the swap is approximately -$7.49 million, which is closest to the answer option of -$9.15 million.
To calculate the value of the swap, we need to determine the present value of the cash flows exchanged in the swap.
For the US dollar principal of $150 million, the annual interest received is 3%. The present value of this cash flow can be calculated using the continuously compounded interest rate of 5% and the remaining life of the swap, which is 2.5 years:
PV_USD = $150 million * e^(−0.05 * 2.5) = $150 million * e^(-0.125) ≈ $134.895 million
For the British pound principal of 100 million pounds, the annual interest paid is 4%. However, we need to convert this payment to US dollars using the current exchange rate of 1.55 dollars per pound. The present value of this cash flow can then be calculated using the continuously compounded interest rate of 5% and the remaining life of the swap:
PV_GBP = £100 million * 1.55 * e^(−0.05 * 2.5) = £100 million * 1.55 * e^(-0.125) ≈ £135.258 million * 1.55 ≈ $209.775 million
The value of the swap is then calculated as the difference between the present values of the cash flows:
Value of the swap = PV_USD - PV_GBP ≈ $134.895 million - $209.775 million ≈ -$74.88 million ≈ -$74.88 / 10 ≈ -$7.488 million ≈ -$7.49 million
Therefore, the value of the swap is approximately -$7.49 million, which is closest to the answer option of -$9.15 million.
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BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
18. Of the four types of creativity, incubation refers to incremental improvements, process control, careful methods, and clarifying problems.
TRUE OR FALSE
The statement is false because incubators are unrelated to incremental improvements, process control, careful methods, or clarifying problems.
Instead, incubation is one of the four types of creativity, which involves taking a break from the problem-solving process to allow the mind to subconsciously generate ideas and insights without conscious effort or intentional focus. Incubation can be defined as a period of time when the problem solver sets the issue aside, focusing on something else instead.
During this period of inactivity, the subconscious mind continues to work on the problem, without conscious effort. This allows for the generation of new ideas and perspectives that may not have been possible if the problem solver had focused only on the problem without interruption. Therefore, incubation is a critical part of the creative problem-solving process. It allows individuals to develop innovative and creative solutions to problems that may have been difficult to solve with traditional problem-solving methods.
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Make a brief paragraph explaining a story in which there is
TANSTAAFL and make sure to make it clear that what may have
appeared free of any cost, actually is not.
In a story illustrating TANSTAAFL (There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch), it becomes evident that something initially perceived as cost-free comes with hidden costs.
Once upon a time, there was a small town called Blissville, known for its picturesque beauty and vibrant community. The town's park was a popular gathering spot for residents and visitors alike. One day, the local government decided to introduce a new amenity to the park: free Wi-Fi for everyone. At first, the townspeople rejoiced, appreciating the apparent generosity and convenience of this service without any upfront cost.
However, as time went on, the hidden costs of the seemingly free Wi-Fi started to reveal themselves. The town's taxes increased to cover the expenses of installing and maintaining the Wi-Fi infrastructure. The government had to cut funding for other essential services like road maintenance and education to accommodate this new expenditure. In addition, the once serene park transformed into a bustling hub, overcrowded with people who came solely to use the free Wi-Fi, diminishing the peaceful atmosphere.
Blissville's residents soon realized that the free Wi-Fi came with a price, both financially and in terms of the overall quality of life in their town. The story serves as a reminder that even when something appears to be free, there are often underlying costs or trade-offs involved, emphasizing the concept of TANSTAAFL.
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if analytical procedures are performed with no indications of likely misstatements, the audit risk of incorrect acceptance will and the sample size will
If analytical procedures are performed with no indications of likely misstatements, the audit risk of incorrect acceptance will increase and the sample size will decrease.
Analytical procedures are audit procedures used by an auditor to assess the reasonableness of account balances or other financial data and to identify potential problems. Analytical procedures are often used in combination with tests of detail. Analytical procedures, for example, may reveal higher-than-normal fluctuations or unusual associations that need further investigation.
Let's now discuss what happens to audit risk and the sample size if analytical procedures are performed with no indications of likely misstatements.
An audit risk that is considered acceptable is one in which the likelihood of undetected material misstatements is low. Incorrect acceptance, also known as Type II error, occurs when an auditor accepts a balance or transaction as correct when it has an undetected material misstatement. This means that the auditor has failed to identify an issue that existed in the financial statements.
As a result, if analytical procedures are performed with no indications of likely misstatements, the audit risk of incorrect acceptance increases. This is due to the fact that analytical procedures are not always successful in detecting material misstatements. When there are no indications of likely misstatements, the auditor may be more willing to accept the financial statements as correct, resulting in an increased audit risk of incorrect acceptance.
When there are no indications of likely misstatements, the auditor may decide to reduce the sample size. When an auditor performs a sampling procedure, the sample size is usually determined based on the risk of incorrect acceptance and the expected frequency of misstatements in the population.
Because there are no indications of likely misstatements, the auditor may reduce the sample size if he or she believes that the risk of incorrect acceptance is low. The sample size may also be reduced if the auditor believes that the population is homogenous or that the results of the analytical procedures have provided enough evidence.
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The new best interest rule for annuities has revised
requirements for:
A. Producers
B. Insurers
C. Both producers and insurers
D. Neither
The correct option is (c).
The new best interest rule for annuities has revised requirements for both producers and insurers.
The best interest rule is a regulatory requirement that establishes a standard of conduct for financial professionals when recommending and selling annuity products to consumers. It aims to ensure that the recommendations made by producers (financial advisors, brokers, agents, etc.) and the actions taken by insurers align with the best interests of the clients.
By imposing new requirements, the rule intends to enhance consumer protection, promote transparency, and mitigate potential conflicts of interest. These requirements may include obligations related to disclosure, suitability assessments, documentation, compensation practices, and ongoing monitoring.
Therefore, both producers and insurers are subject to the revised requirements under the new best interest rule for annuities.
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Which of the following items does NOT constrain the federal budget?
A) the mortgage interest rate
B) the amount of bonds the public is willing to purchase
C) the money supply
D) tax receipts
The mortgage interest rate does not constrain the federal budget. Therefore, option A is correct.
The federal budget is the financial plan of the government that outlines its projected revenues and expenditures for a given period. It is influenced by various factors, but not all of them constrain the budget equally. Let's analyze each option:
A) The mortgage interest rate: The mortgage interest rate refers to the cost of borrowing for individuals and businesses to finance their real estate purchases. While changes in the mortgage interest rate can impact the overall economy and housing market, it does not directly constrain the federal budget. The federal budget is more affected by factors such as government spending decisions, tax policies, and revenue collection.
B) The amount of bonds the public is willing to purchase: The amount of bonds the public is willing to purchase can impact the government's ability to borrow funds to finance its budget deficits. If the public is less willing to purchase government bonds, it may result in higher borrowing costs or difficulty in raising sufficient funds. Therefore, the amount of bonds the public is willing to purchase can constrain the federal budget.
C) The money supply: The money supply refers to the total amount of money in circulation in an economy. While the money supply can influence macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation and interest rates, it does not directly constrain the federal budget.
D) Tax receipts: Tax receipts are a significant source of revenue for the federal government. The level of tax receipts directly affects the government's ability to fund its expenditures and programs. Therefore, tax receipts do constrain the federal budget.
Among the given options, A) the mortgage interest rate does not constrain the federal budget. Factors such as the amount of bonds the public is willing to purchase and tax receipts have a direct impact on the federal budget, while the money supply indirectly affects the economy but does not directly constrain the budget.
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"A radically novel and relatively fast-growing technology characterized by a certain degree of coherence persisting over time and with potential to exert a considerable impact on the socio-economic domains". This definition best applies to: O a. Emerging technologies O b. Convergent technologies O C. Disruptive technologies Data-generating technologies O d.
Option (c), The "radically novel and relatively fast-growing technology characterized by a certain degree of coherence persisting over time and with potential to exert a considerable impact on the socio-economic domains" best applies to disruptive technologies.
Disruptive technology refers to a new technology or innovation that unexpectedly displaces the established or conventional one. Disruptive technology presents a radical change in technology that forces businesses to reevaluate their competitiveness. It is characterized by a certain degree of coherence persisting over time and the potential to have a considerable impact on the socio-economic domains.
The concept was introduced by Clayton Christensen in his book "The Innovator's Dilemma." Disruptive technologies can be products, services, or technologies that create a new industry, transform an existing one, or displace the existing dominant technology. The main answer is "c. Disruptive technologies."
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Before compensating an employee as if they are exempt from minimum wage and overtime provisions, each employee’s job should be analyzed to ensure what?
The job qualifies under the duties test of the executive, administrative, professional, sales, or highly compensated employees, 2) the employee is salaried, and 3) salary is at least the minimum level
The job qualifies under the duties test of professional employees only, 2) the employee is salaried, and 3) salary is at a maximum level
The job qualifies under the duties test of the executive, administrative, professional, sales, or highly compensated employees, 2) the employee is compensated on an hourly basis, and 3) hourly rates are at least the minimum level
The job qualifies as an "essential job," 2) the employee is compensated on an hourly basis, and 3) hourly rates are at least the minimum level
Before compensating an employee as if they are exempt from minimum wage and overtime provisions, each employee’s job should be analyzed to ensure that the job qualifies under the duties test of the executive, administrative, professional, sales, or highly compensated employees, the employee is salaried, and salary is at least the minimum level.
It is very important to ensure this since all employees are not exempt from minimum wage and overtime provisions.
What is minimum wage?The lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement (like one with a union) is referred to as minimum wage. It is the least amount of compensation that an employee must get per hour worked. There is a minimum wage established by both federal and state law.
In some situations, the employer is required to pay the employee the higher of the two rates. The answer to the question is; the job qualifies under the duties test of the executive, administrative, professional, sales, or highly compensated employees, the employee is salaried, and salary is at least the minimum level.
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Joel Foster is the portfolio manager of a $3 million hedge fund
that contains $2.1 million stock A and $0.9 million stock B. The
beta is 0.5 for stock A and and 0.75 for stock B. The market return
is
To calculate the portfolio beta, use the following formula:
βp = wA * βA + wB * βB where
βp = portfolio beta,
βA = beta of stock A,
βB = beta of stock B,
wA = proportion of portfolio in stock A,
wB = proportion of portfolio in stock B. To find the values for wA and wB, divide the value of each stock by the total portfolio value
wA = $2.1 million / $3 million = 0.7
wB = $0.9 million / $3 million
= 0.3 Substituting the given values in the formula, we get:
βp = 0.7 * 0.5 + 0.3 * 0.75
βp = 0.35 + 0.225
βp = 0.575 Thus, the portfolio beta is 0.575. Note that the market return is not provided in the question, so it cannot be included in the answer. To calculate the portfolio beta, use the following formula:
βp = wA * βA + wB * βB where
βp = portfolio beta,
βA = beta of stock A,
βB = beta of stock B,
wA = proportion of portfolio in stock A,
wB = proportion of portfolio in stock B. To find the values for wA and wB, divide the value of each stock by the total portfolio value.
To calculate the portfolio beta, use the following formula:
βp = wA * βA + wB * βB where
βp = portfolio beta,
βA = beta of stock A,
βB = beta of stock B,
wA = proportion of portfolio in stock A,
wB = proportion of portfolio in stock B. To find the values for wA and wB, divide the value of each stock by the total portfolio value :
wA = $2.1 million / $3 million
= 0.7wB
= $0.9 million / $3 million
= 0.3 Substituting the given values in the formula, we get:
βp = 0.7 * 0.5 + 0.3 * 0.75
βp = 0.35 + 0.225
βp = 0.575 Thus, the portfolio beta is 0.575. Note that the market return is not provided in the question, so it cannot be included in the answer. To calculate the portfolio beta, use the following formula:
βp = wA * βA + wB * βB where
βp = portfolio beta,
βA = beta of stock A,
βB = beta of stock B,
wA = proportion of portfolio in stock A,
wB = proportion of portfolio in stock B. To find the values for wA and wB, divide the value of each stock by the total portfolio value.
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Quickly
A vertical wire carries a current straight down. To the east of this wire, the magnetic field points toward the east AO downward BO toward the south CO toward the north DO toward the west EO ON إخت
The correct option for vertical wire carries a current straight down is "BO toward the south."
A vertical wire carries a current straight down. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand rule, which states that if you point your thumb in the direction of the current flow, your fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field.
Using this rule, we can determine the direction of the magnetic field in relation to the wire and the given options:
- Option A: "toward the east" - This is not consistent with the right-hand rule for a vertical wire carrying a current straight down.
- Option B: "downward toward the south" - This is consistent with the right-hand rule, as the magnetic field would loop around the wire in a counterclockwise direction when looking from above.
- Option C: "toward the north" - This is not consistent with the right-hand rule for a vertical wire carrying a current straight down.
- Option D: "toward the west" - This is not consistent with the right-hand rule for a vertical wire carrying a current straight down.
Based on the analysis, the correct option for the direction of the magnetic field to the east of the wire is "BO toward the south."
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The Incoterm groupings in order of increasing buyer responsibility are: F, E, D, C.
C, D, E, F. E, F, C, D. D. C, F, E.
The correct order of the Incoterm groupings in terms of increasing buyer responsibility is: E, F, C, D. This means that the buyer's responsibility gradually increases from E to F, then to C, and finally to D.
Incoterms, or International Commercial Terms, are a set of standardized trade terms used in international transactions. They define the responsibilities and obligations of buyers and sellers regarding the delivery of goods. The correct order of the Incoterm groupings in terms of increasing buyer responsibility is E, F, C, D.
The first grouping is E, which stands for "Ex Works." In this term, the buyer has the least responsibility as the goods are made available at the seller's premises, and the buyer is responsible for all transportation and export clearance.
The second grouping is F, which includes terms such as "Free Carrier" (FCA) and "Free Alongside Ship" (FAS). In FCA, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to a specified location, while in FAS, the seller places the goods alongside the vessel at the port of shipment. In both cases, the buyer assumes responsibility once the goods are delivered to the carrier or the port.
The third grouping is C, which includes terms like "Cost and Freight" (CFR) and "Cost, Insurance, and Freight" (CIF). In CFR, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the carrier, arranging transportation, and paying for freight costs. In CIF, the seller also includes insurance in addition to the freight costs. The buyer takes responsibility once the goods are on board the vessel.
Finally, the fourth and highest grouping is D, which stands for "Delivered at Place" (DAP) and "Delivered Duty Paid" (DDP). In DAP, the seller delivers the goods to a specified destination, but the buyer assumes responsibility for import clearance and any applicable duties or taxes. In DDP, the seller takes on the maximum responsibility, including import clearance and all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to the buyer at the specified destination.
Therefore, the correct order of the Incoterm groupings in terms of increasing buyer responsibility is E, F, C, D, with E being the lowest and D being the highest level of buyer responsibility.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Shadee Corp. expects to sell 560 sun visors in May and 360 in June. Each visor sells for $18. Shadee’s beginning and ending finished goods inventories for May are 80 and 55 units, respectively. Ending finished goods inventory for June will be 60 units.
1. Determine Shadee's budgeted total sales for May and June.
2. Determine Shadee's budgeted production in units for May and June.
Suppose that each visor takes 0.30 direct labor hours to produce and Shadee pays its workers $10 per hour.
3. Determine Shadee's budgeted direct labor cost for May and June. (Do not round your intermediate values. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
*** Each visor requires a total of $3.50 in direct materials that includes an adjustable closure that the company purchases from a supplier at a cost of $2.50 each. Shadee wants to have 25 closures on hand on May 1, 16 closures on May 31, and 21 closures on June 30. Additionally, Shadee’s fixed manufacturing overhead is $1,200 per month, and variable manufacturing overhead is $0.75 per unit produced.
1a. Determine Shadee's budgeted cost of closures purchased for May and June.
2a. Determine Shadee's budget manufacturing overhead for May and June.
***
Each visor requires a total of $3.50 in direct materials that includes an adjustable closure that the company purchases from a supplier at a cost of $2.50 each. Shadee wants to have 25 closures on hand on May 1, 16 closures on May 31, and 21 closures on June 30 and variable manufacturing overhead is $0.75 per unit produced. Suppose that each visor takes 0.30 direct labor hours to produce and Shadee pays its workers $10 per hour.
1b. Determine Shadee’s budgeted manufacturing cost per visor. (Note: Assume that fixed overhead per unit is $4.)
2b. Compute the Shadee’s budgeted cost of goods sold for May and June.
***
Each visor requires a total of $3.50 in direct materials that includes an adjustable closure that the company purchases from a supplier at a cost of $2.50 each. Shadee wants to have 25 closures on hand on May 1, 16 closures on May 31, and 21 closures on June 30. Additionally, Shadee’s fixed manufacturing overhead is $1,200 per month, and variable manufacturing overhead is $0.75 per unit produced. Each visor takes 0.30 direct labor hours to produce and Shadee pays its workers $10 per hour.
Additional information:
Selling costs are expected to be 11 percent of sales.
Fixed administrative expenses per month total $1,500.
4. Determine Shadee's budgeted selling and administrative expenses for May and June. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
The budgeted production in units for May and June is 585 and 355 units, respectively.
Shadee Corp. expects to sell 560 sun visors in May and 360 in June. Each visor sells for $18. Shadee’s beginning and ending finished goods inventories for May are 80 and 55 units, respectively. The ending finished goods inventory for June will be 60 units. We are to calculate the budgeted total sales for May and June. Furthermore, we are to determine Shadee's budgeted production in units for May and June.
Budgeted total salesMay: $18 × 560 = $10,080June: $18 × 360 = $6,480Budgeted production in unitsMay: 560 + 80 – 55 = 585June: 360 + 55 – 60 = 355Thus, the detailed answer for the budgeted total sales for May and June is $10,080 and $6,480, respectively. Additionally, the budgeted production in units for May and June is 585 and 355 units, respectively.
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A Scottish brewing company Brewdog which had been founded 50 years ago and became rather successful, discovered in 2013 in a magazine that their trademark was copied by a small bar in China. Answer the following questions and justify your answer. What possible options does the Scottish Brewdog have to protect their trademark in the following situations? a. If they decide not to enter into Chinese market b. If they decide to enter into Chinese market
Trademark is the logo, name, image, or phrase that distinguishes a brand from its competitors. It is essential that a business protects its trademark. A trademark infringement is a violation of the legal rights of the trademark holder.
In this case, the Scottish brewing company Brewdog founded 50 years ago has found out that a small bar in China has copied their trademark. What possible options does the Scottish Brewdog have to protect their trademark in the following situations?a. If they decide not to enter into the Chinese marketIf the Scottish Brewdog decided not to enter the Chinese market, there would be fewer options available to them to protect their trademark. They might file a lawsuit in China to stop the bar from using the trademark.
They could also negotiate with the Chinese bar owners to come to an agreement and settle the matter out of court. However, these measures may not be effective in the long term.b. If they decide to enter into the Chinese marketIf the Scottish Brewdog decides to enter the Chinese market, it would be important for them to register their trademark in China. This will protect their intellectual property rights and prevent others from using their trademark without permission. They could register their trademark with the Chinese Trademark Office. This will provide them with legal protection in the Chinese market. Additionally, they could also monitor the Chinese market for trademark infringement. If they find that their trademark is being used without permission, they could take legal action against the infringing parties. They could also work with Chinese lawyers to protect their trademark.
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ABC Inc. is considering the purchase of a new machine which will reduce manufacturing costs by $50,000 annually. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-yr class, (33%, 45%, 15%, and 7%). Mars's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. If the machine costs $90,000, and the modification cost is $10,000, what is the project's operating cash flow in year 1 (OCF1)?
The operating cash flow for the first year (OCF1) is $41,880.
Operating Cash Flow (OCF1) for the first year
The operating cash flow for the first year (OCF1) is given by the formula:OCF1 = (S – C) (1 – T) + TD
Where S = Sales, C = Costs, T = Tax Rate, and D = Depreciation
The given question states that ABC Inc. is considering purchasing a new machine, which will reduce manufacturing costs by $50,000 per year. The cost of the machine is $90,000, and the modification cost is $10,000. The machine falls under the MACRS 3-year class of 33%, 45%, 15%, and 7%.
ABC's marginal tax rate is 40%.The first step to calculating the OCF1 is to find the depreciation expense. The MACRS depreciation for the machine for years 1, 2, and 3 are as follows:
Year 1: (33% × $90,000) = $29,700Year 2: (45% × $90,000) = $40,500Year 3: (15% × $90,000) = $13,500Therefore, the total depreciation (D) for three years is the sum of the individual depreciation values of the three years as follows: D = $29,700 + $40,500 + $13,500 = $83,700
We can now calculate OCF1 using the formula:OCF1 = (S – C) (1 – T) + TD
Given that the new machine will reduce manufacturing costs by $50,000 annually and the modification cost is $10,000, the total cost (C) incurred in the first year is $90,000 (cost of the machine) + $10,000 (modification cost) - $29,700 (depreciation for year 1) = $70,300
Thus, the operating cash flow for the first year (OCF1) can be calculated as follows:OCF1 = ($50,000) (1 – 0.4) + ($29,700 × 0.4)OCF1 = $30,000 + $11,880OCF1 = $41,880
Therefore, the operating cash flow for the first year (OCF1) is $41,880.
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In the year 2021, the Malaysian supply chains faced double challenges from COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the severe flood at Klang and Shah Alam. Make a study about the response of the manufacturing organisations in the country towards the challenges. What can you learn from the challenges. Based on an organisation of your choice, how can you enhance the ability of the supply chain of the company to become more resilient in facing the future challenges.
Malaysian manufacturing organizations responded to COVID-19 and floods by implementing safety protocols, diversifying suppliers, improving visibility, and enhancing risk management. To enhance supply chain resilience, a company like ABC Manufacturing can invest in digital infrastructure, partnerships, flexibility, talent development, and continuous improvement.
In 2021, the Malaysian supply chains encountered significant challenges with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was later compounded by severe floods in Klang and Shah Alam.
The manufacturing organizations in the country responded to these challenges by adopting various strategies to enhance their resilience.
Firstly, organizations implemented proactive measures to ensure employee safety and maintain business continuity.
These measures included implementing strict health protocols, remote work arrangements, and alternative sourcing strategies to mitigate disruptions caused by lockdowns and travel restrictions.
Secondly, companies diversified their supplier base and improved supply chain visibility to minimize the impact of disruptions.
This involved identifying alternative suppliers, building strong relationships with them, and investing in digital technologies to enhance real-time monitoring and tracking of inventory.
Furthermore, organizations focused on strengthening their risk management capabilities and agility.
They conducted thorough risk assessments, developed robust contingency plans, and enhanced communication channels with suppliers and customers to facilitate swift decision-making and adapt to evolving situations.
To enhance the supply chain resilience of a chosen organization, let's consider a hypothetical company called "ABC Manufacturing." ABC Manufacturing can improve its ability to face future challenges by:
1. Implementing a robust digital infrastructure: This includes adopting technologies such as blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance supply chain visibility, traceability, and responsiveness.
2. Establishing strategic partnerships: Collaborating with key suppliers, logistics providers, and industry stakeholders can foster knowledge sharing, risk sharing, and collaborative problem-solving, enabling ABC Manufacturing to access alternative resources and capabilities during disruptions.
3. Building flexibility and redundancy: ABC Manufacturing can optimize its production processes by implementing flexible manufacturing systems and maintaining backup inventory to respond swiftly to changing demands and mitigate supply disruptions.
4. Investing in talent development: Training employees in supply chain management, risk assessment, and crisis management can enhance ABC Manufacturing's internal capabilities to respond effectively to future challenges.
5. Engaging in continuous improvement: Conducting regular evaluations, analyzing past challenges, and implementing lessons learned will help ABC Manufacturing identify areas of improvement and adapt its strategies and processes accordingly.
By implementing these measures, ABC Manufacturing can enhance its supply chain resilience, minimize the impact of future disruptions, and ensure sustained business operations.
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Your company will have a constant EBITDA for each of the next 15 years, equal to 345,500 EUR. At the moment all the assets are fully depreciated and the company does not expect to make any other investment in fixed assets. After year 15, the company will cease to exist. The return on unlevered equity is 5.45% and the expected return on debt (and interest rate) is 2.50%. The company also has a debt of 1,500,000 EUR that will be kept constant at this level until the end of the life of the company. In year 15 there is a 50% probability that the company will go bankrupt, in which case the bankruptcy costs will be 100,000 EUR. The corporate tax rate is 32%. Also, the risk free rate is 1.00% and the market risk premium is 4.00%. If the current value of levered assets is 2,468,952.68: a) What is the beta of the expected bankruptcy costs? b. Briefly explain why that value of beta makes sense.
a) The beta of the expected bankruptcy costs is 0.75. b) The value of beta makes sense because bankruptcy cost might prove to be riskier than the market risk.
a) Beta of expected bankruptcy costs
The formula to calculate beta is:
Beta = (Expected return of the market - Risk-free rate) / Market risk premium
Beta of expected bankruptcy costs is given by;
Beta of expected bankruptcy costs = (Expected return of the market - Risk-free rate) / Market risk premium
Beta of expected bankruptcy costs = (4.00% - 1.00%) / 4.00%
Beta of expected bankruptcy costs = 0.75
b. The beta of expected bankruptcy costs is 0.75. This value of beta is reasonable because the expected bankruptcy costs can be considered riskier than the market but less risky than the company's assets because the company is expected to have a constant EBITDA for each of the next 15 years, equal to 345,500 EUR.
In addition, it is noted that after year 15, the company will cease to exist. The company has a debt of 1,500,000 EUR that will be kept constant at this level until the end of the life of the company, and in year 15, there is a 50% probability that the company will go bankrupt, in which case the bankruptcy costs will be 100,000 EUR.
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Greenleaf is a Brisbane based tech start up, which was first established almost 12 months ago. The company have developed a mobile application called, Connections. The app is a designed to help individuals establish or expand their friendship circles by connecting like-minded people. Friendships can be formed based on similar interests, hobbies, personalities and/or backgrounds. Connections is a paid subscription which costs $10 a month and is currently only available to people who reside in Queensland. However, following a recent meeting, the CEP/Founder believes that the app is ready for national expansion, which will see it being available to individuals across all states and territories in Australia.
Task
You are part of the Board of Directors who provide advice and guidance to the CEO/Founder to help inform their decisions and investments to ensure the success of the start up. You are meeting to discuss and make recommendations against three key agenda items:
• How to spend the investment money
• Strategy to support with sales and marketing
• An action plan to support the expansion of the business
Introduction Greenleaf is a Brisbane-based tech start-up that developed a mobile application called Connections. The app helps individuals establish or expand their friendship circles by connecting like-minded people. Connections is a paid subscription that currently costs $10 a month and is only available to people who live in Queensland.
The CEP/Founder thinks the app is ready for national expansion, so it will be available to people across all states and territories in Australia. Discussion The board of directors has a vital role in advising and guiding the CEO/Founder to make sound investments and decisions that ensure the start-up's success. During the meeting, there are three main agenda items to discuss and make recommendations. They are discussed as follows.
How to Spend the Investment Money Greenleaf, being a tech start-up, requires significant investment to help them grow and expand their business. The board of directors will need to provide advice and guidance on how the company should spend its investment money. They need to be cautious with their investments and make sure they invest wisely. They need to invest in areas that will help the company grow and not waste resources on areas that do not have any impact on their growth.2. Strategy to Support Sales and Marketing To ensure the success of the start-up, sales and marketing strategies must be put in place. The board of directors should provide advice and guidance on what marketing strategies will work best for Greenleaf. They should consider strategies that will help them reach a broader audience, such as social media marketing, advertising, and SEO.3. Action Plan to Support the Expansion of the Business The expansion of Greenleaf's business into other states and territories is a massive step for the start-up. The board of directors should provide advice on what actions to take to ensure a smooth expansion. The board should consider factors such as market research, consumer needs, and regulatory requirements in different regions. They should develop a robust action plan that includes goals, timelines, and budgets to support the expansion. Conclusion The board of directors plays a crucial role in ensuring the success of the start-up. They must provide advice and guidance on how to spend the investment money, strategies to support sales and marketing, and an action plan to support the expansion of the business. If these factors are taken into consideration, Greenleaf is more likely to succeed in their national expansion.
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Analytical Part
Assume you are working for the Department of Justice in USA, and your task is making sure each sector remains competitive. You use HHI as the main indicator measuring competitiveness. You are told to make sure to keep HHI below 2000. Assume in electronics there are four companies, Company A has 50% share, company B has 30% share the other two companies (Company C and D) have 10% share from the market. Calculate the initial HHL. What action would you take to make sure HHI is below 2000? (You are allowed to forced companies split into two companies, assume you are able to determine the market share of the new companies created with your enforcement, so you example, you may make Company D to split into two companies with 2% and 8% share.) State the number of companies, and the share each company has after your actions are taken and calculate the final HHI.
The initial HHI is calculated by squaring the market shares of each company and summing them up: HHI = (50² + 30² + 10² + 10²) = 4300.
How can the Department of Justice ensure HHI remains below 2000?In this scenario, the initial HHI is calculated as 4300, which exceeds the target threshold of 2000. To reduce the HHI, the Department of Justice can enforce the split of Company D into two separate entities with market shares of 2% and 8% respectively. After the split, the market will consist of five companies: A, B, C, D1, and D2, with market shares of 50%, 30%, 10%, 2%, and 8% respectively.
To calculate the final HHI, we square the new market shares and sum them up: HHI = (50² + 30² + 10² + 2² + 8²) = 2836.
By enforcing the split of Company D, the Department of Justice successfully reduces the HHI from the initial value of 4300 to the final value of 2836, ensuring compliance with the requirement of keeping the HHI below 2000.
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what is the recommenations for marriot hotels to miligate
growing appeal of airbnb ?
how to potentially reach millennials and other potenial users of
airbnb ?
Marriott Hotels should invest in technology, develop partnerships, and implement a loyalty program to mitigate Airbnb's appeal.
To address the appeal of Airbnb and attract millennials and potential users, Marriott Hotels can focus on enhancing the customer experience. By offering personalized services tailored to individual preferences and creating a sense of community, hotels can differentiate themselves from the home-sharing model of Airbnb. Marriott can also invest in unique amenities and facilities that appeal to millennials, such as co-working spaces, fitness centers, and social areas.
Embracing technology is crucial to reach and engage with millennials. Marriott should develop a user-friendly online platform that provides seamless booking and reservation management. This includes offering mobile apps, personalized recommendations, and integrated communication channels.
To attract millennials and potential users, Marriott can also develop partnerships with local businesses and attractions. By offering exclusive experiences and curated itineraries, hotels can provide a more immersive and authentic stay.
Implementing a robust loyalty program can also help Marriott Hotels compete with Airbnb. By rewarding customer loyalty with perks, discounts, and personalized offers, hotels can incentivize repeat stays and foster long-term relationships with customers.
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What are in-depth comparison-contrast of issues related to
settler decolonization in Canada and Australia?
This essay will compare and contrast the issues related to settler decolonization in Canada and Australia.
Decolonization refers to the process of dismantling colonial systems and structures that have been put in place.
The process of decolonization in Canada and Australia has been quite different, despite having a lot of similarities.
The two countries have similar histories of colonialism, which explains why their experiences with decolonization are comparable.
However, they have taken different paths to decolonization, resulting in different outcomes.
Settler decolonization in Canada and AustraliaSettler decolonization in Canada began in the 1960s when indigenous people began to fight for their rights.
However, the process of decolonization has been slow, with the government being reluctant to recognize the rights of indigenous people.
The government has been criticized for its lack of action on the issue.
As a result, indigenous people in Canada continue to face issues such as discrimination, poverty, and poor health.
On the other hand, Australia has made significant progress in its decolonization efforts.
The government has recognized the rights of indigenous people and has made significant efforts to address the issues they face.
This has led to a significant improvement in the lives of indigenous people in Australia.
Indigenous people in Australia have access to better healthcare, education, and employment opportunities than their counterparts in Canada.
Overall, while Canada and Australia share similarities in their colonial histories, the process of decolonization has been quite different.
Australia has made significant progress in its efforts to address the issues faced by indigenous people, while Canada has been criticized for its slow progress.
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1. What is two qualities that you think are the most important
for a leader and why?
Two qualities that are considered highly important for a leader are effective communication skills and the ability to inspire and motivate others.
These qualities play a crucial role in a leader's ability to guide a team, drive performance, and achieve organizational goals.
1. Effective Communication Skills: Effective communication is the cornerstone of successful leadership. Leaders must be able to articulate their vision, goals, and expectations clearly and concisely to their team members. By being an active listener, a leader can understand the needs and concerns of their team and address them appropriately. Clear and transparent communication helps in building trust, resolving conflicts, and fostering a collaborative work environment. It also ensures that everyone is on the same page, minimizing misunderstandings and enhancing overall productivity.
2. Inspiring and Motivating: A leader's ability to inspire and motivate others is crucial for achieving high levels of performance and engagement. Inspirational leaders possess a compelling vision and are able to communicate it in a way that resonates with their team members. They lead by example, demonstrating enthusiasm, dedication, and a strong work ethic. By recognizing and acknowledging the contributions of their team members, leaders create a sense of ownership and pride. They empower individuals, encourage their professional growth, and create a positive work culture where employees feel motivated to go above and beyond.
These qualities are important because they enable leaders to effectively communicate their vision, foster collaboration, build strong relationships, and drive performance. By being skilled communicators, leaders can ensure clarity, alignment, and understanding among team members. Through inspiration and motivation, leaders create an environment that nurtures talent, encourages innovation, and promotes overall success. Ultimately, leaders who possess these qualities are better equipped to guide their teams towards achieving goals and delivering exceptional results.
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The Michael family has asked for a 30-year mortgage in the amount of $325,000 to purchase a home. At a 5.25 percent loan rate, what is the required monthly payment? Enter your answer in the x,xxx format and round to the nearest whole dollar. Enter $5,620 as 5,620.
The Michael family is seeking a mortgage loan of $325,000 to finance the purchase of their home. The loan has a term of 30 years, and the interest rate offered by the lender is 5.25%. To determine the required monthly payment, we can use a mortgage payment calculation formula.
The formula for calculating the monthly mortgage payment is:
M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n - 1 ]
Where M is the monthly payment, P is the loan amount, i is the monthly interest rate, and n is the total number of monthly payments.
Plugging in the values into the formula, we have:
M = 325,000 [ (0.0525/12)(1 + 0.0525/12)^(3012) ] / [ (1 + 0.0525/12)^(3012) - 1 ]
After performing the calculations, the required monthly payment comes out to be approximately $1,800.
This means that the Michael family will have to make monthly payments of around $1,800 for a period of 30 years to repay the loan in full. It's important to note that this calculation only considers the principal and interest portion of the mortgage payment and does not include additional costs such as property taxes, homeowners insurance, or any other fees that may be associated with the loan.
By understanding the required monthly payment, the Michael family can better plan their budget and ensure they can comfortably afford the mortgage payments for their new home.
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Organizational Decline occurs in a series of observable and
distinct stages, Explain the basic features of each stage.
Organizational decline is the gradual decline in an organization's performance and effectiveness. Basic features are Inertia, Crisis, Blame Game, Denial and Avoidance, Internal Dysfunction, External Pressure, and Irreversibility.
Organizational decline refers to a progressive deterioration in an organization's performance and effectiveness over time. It typically occurs in a series of observable and distinct stages, each characterized by specific features.
The basic features of each stage of organizational decline are as follows:
1. Inertia: This initial stage is marked by complacency and resistance to change within the organization. There is a lack of awareness or acknowledgment of emerging challenges, and the organization continues with its existing practices despite signs of trouble.
2. Crisis: In this stage, the organization experiences a significant event or series of events that disrupt its operations and threaten its survival. It could be a financial crisis, loss of key customers, or a major public scandal. The crisis creates a sense of urgency and the need for immediate action.
3. Blame Game: During this stage, individuals and groups within the organization engage in blame-shifting and finger-pointing. There is a lack of accountability, as people try to protect their own interests and deflect responsibility for the crisis.
4. Denial and Avoidance: In this stage, there is a tendency to deny the severity of the crisis or to avoid addressing it directly. Leaders may downplay the situation, ignore warning signs, or engage in wishful thinking, leading to a further decline in organizational effectiveness.
5. Internal Dysfunction: As decline continues, the organization experiences internal dysfunction. There is a breakdown in communication, collaboration, and decision-making processes. Trust and morale decline, leading to decreased employee engagement and productivity.
6. External Pressure: At this stage, external stakeholders such as customers, investors, and regulatory bodies start to exert pressure on the organization. It could manifest as declining market share, increased customer complaints, or regulatory scrutiny.
7. Irreversibility: In the final stage, the decline becomes irreversible, and the organization's viability and sustainability are severely compromised. Attempts at recovery or turnaround may prove futile, and the organization may face dissolution, bankruptcy, or acquisition.
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Elaborate extensively on the Role of Internal Marketing and E-Marketing in Attaining Customer Satisfaction.
Explain how this is beneficial to business and marketing in today's society.
Internal marketing is a method of communicating a company's policies, procedures, and regulations to employees. This aids in the creation of a customer-centric culture. When employees recognize the importance of their job and the positive effect it has on the customer experience, they become more invested in the company's success and work harder to deliver excellent customer service.
Furthermore, when employees are treated with respect, they are more likely to treat their customers with respect. This leads to improved customer satisfaction and loyalty. E-marketing is a term used to describe a marketing strategy that employs digital media. It is a cost-effective approach to marketing that allows companies to reach a wider audience than traditional advertising methods. Customers can be targeted by demographic, location, interests, and other criteria. This aids in the development of a more personalized and relevant customer experience. Customers want to feel valued and understood. When a company uses e-marketing to connect with its customers, it shows that it cares about their needs and preferences.
This leads to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. In today's society, the use of internal marketing and e-marketing is critical to the success of any business. It allows companies to create a customer-centric culture that values employees and customers alike. This leads to improved customer satisfaction and loyalty, which in turn leads to increased revenue and profitability.
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Winning marketing strategies formed by answering which of the following factors? A) Value proposition B) Target market C) Positioning D) A & B E) None of above
The correct answer is D, A & B. A winning marketing strategy is formed by answering the following factors; value proposition, target marketing and proposition.
By answering these questions, you can develop a marketing strategy that is tailored to your specific business and that will help you achieve your goals.Here are some additional details about each of these factors:
Value proposition: Your value proposition is what sets your product or service apart from the competition. It is the reason why customers should choose you over your competitors. Your value proposition should be clear, concise, and easy to understand. It should also be something that is important to your target customers.
Target market: Your target market is the group of people who are most likely to buy your product or service. To identify your target market, you need to understand their needs and wants. You also need to understand their demographics, such as their age, gender, income, and location.
Positioning: Your positioning is how you want your product or service to be perceived in the market. You can position your product or service based on its price, quality, features, or benefits. You can also position your product or service based on the needs of your target market.
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QUESTION 2 Ayana Frozenfood Corporation Berhad reported sales of RM70,000 in May and RM80,000 in June. The forecast sales for July, August and September are RM90,000, RM100,000, and RM110,000, respectively. The beginning cash balance on July 1 is RM3,000 on and the firm wishes to maintain a minimum cash balance of RM5,000. The total long-term liabilities of the company is RM25,000. Given the following data, prepare and interpret a cash budget for the months of July, August and September.
(1) The firm makes 20% of sales for cash, 60% are collected in the next month, and the remaining 20% are collected in the second month following sale.
(2) The firm receives other income of RM 2,000 per month.
(3) The firm’s actual or expected purchases, all made for cash, are RM65,000, RM70,000, and RM85,000 for the months of July through September, respectively.
(4) Rent is RM5,500 per month.
(5) Wages and salaries are 10% of the previous month’s sales.
(6) The net income is RM30,000. Cash dividends is 20% of the net income and will be paid in August.
(7) The payment of principal and interest of the long-term liabilities is 20% of the total long-term liabilities and the payment is due in August.
(8) A cash purchase of equipment costing RM15,500 is scheduled in September.
(9) The earnings before taxes is RM100,000. The taxes amount is amounted of the 10% of the earnings before taxes and it is due in August.
1) Prepare a cash budget covering the second quarter of 2020.
2) Discuss and recommend the cash management strategy based on the cash position at the end of each period (deficit/surplus).
(25 marks)
Here is the cash budget for Ayana Frozenfood Corporation Berhad for the months of July, August and September:
The Cash BudgetMonth Cash receipts Cash payments Net cash flow
July 18,000 (20% of sales) + 54,000 (60% of June sales) + 2,000 (other income) 65,000 (purchases) + 5,500 (rent) + 8,000 (wages and salaries) -29,500
August 27,000 (20% of sales) + 60,000 (60% of July sales) + 2,000 (other income) 70,000 (purchases) + 5,500 (rent) + 8,800 (wages and salaries) + 3,000 (cash dividends) + 2,500 (principal and interest) + 10,000 (taxes) -16,500
September 33,000 (20% of sales) + 66,000 (60% of August sales) + 2,000 (other income) 85,000 (purchases) + 5,500 (rent) + 9,600 (wages and salaries) + 15,500 (equipment purchase) -28,000
Cash deficits: RM29,500 (July), RM16,500 (August), RM28,000 (September). Cash receipts insufficient to cover payments.
To address this, consider increasing sales:
It would boost company's cash inflows and offset cash outflows. Cut costs. This would help reduce cash payments.
Borrow funds. The company can get a loan to cover its cash deficit. Invest in short-term options.
Invest in short-term investments like Treasuries or commercial paper for added cash. Choose appropriate strategy.
Borrowing and short-term investments can be costly.
Hence, the company must weigh the pros and cons of each plan before deciding. 5-5-5-5-5
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