Darwin suggested that plants pollinated by long tongued insects would benefit by having long flowers. To measure the advantaged of having long flowers, Johnson and Steiner (1997) experimentally shortened 68 of 140 flowers. The remaining flowers were control. One week later, 24 out of the 68 shortened flowers had received pollen, whereas 18 out of the control flowers had received pollen. Estimate the odds ratio of not receiving pollen after flower shortening, as compared to control flowers

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The possibility of not receiving pollen for shortened flowers is 64.7% and for the control group it is 75%.

Explanation:

Pollination carried out by insects help plants spread their pollens and multiply. Contrary to Darwin's suggestion, the experiment results prove that having long flowers decreases the chances of pollination by long tongued insects as it is shown in the experiment.

The odds ratio of not receiving pollen after the flower shortening can be calculated as 64.7% compared to the odds of flowers that were not shortened which have a possibility of 75% of not receiving pollen.

I hope this answer helps.


Related Questions

Why don’t animals need cells with walls

Answers

Answer:

Animal cells do not have cell walls because they do not need them. Cell walls, which are found in plant cells, maintain cell shape, almost as if each cell has its own exoskeleton. This rigidity allows plants to stand upright without the need for bones .

Explanation:

Plant cell needs cell wall whereas animal cell do not because the plants need rigid structure so that they can grow up and out . All cells have cell membranes, and the membranes are flexible. So animal cells can have various shapes, but plant cells only have the shapes of their cell walls.

For humans, linoleic acid is one of the essential fatty acids we must consume. It is plentiful in vegetable oils, and we use it to form compounds involved in immune responses. When it is decomposed through a process called b-oxidation, it produces effectively 27 NADH, 9 FADH2 and 9 ATP in the Krebs cycle, along with 9 FADH2 and 9 NADH as part of the decomposition.

Required:
How many ATP should this produce?

Answers

Answer:

18 ATP.

Explanation:

Total 18 ATP are produced because 9 FADH2 are converted into 9 ATP molecules and the earlier 9 ATP molecules are already present in the first b-oxidation process. The first Krebs cycle produces 27 NADH, 9 FADH2 and 9 ATP while on the other hand, the second Krebs cycle produces 9 ATP molecules from  9 FADH2 so total it produces 18 ATP molecules.

In this assignment, you will conduct research to construct an explanation of how macromolecules are used in the body. You will then revise your explanation based on new information from additional research. 100 Points make it good

Answers

Answer:

What is a macrocolecule?

A biological macromolecule is a very large molecule that is built from smaller biological, or organic, molecules that are linked together by covalent bonds.

Macromolecules are necessary for an organism’s growth and survival

There are four major classes of biological macromolecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, and Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

What do you notice about the atoms that make up these molecules?

Carbs-They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include the sugars, starches, and fibers that are found in grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Carbohydrates are important for brain function, and they provide energy for working muscles and the central nervous system.

Protein- This type of macromolecule can be found in meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, and legumes.

Protein is necessary for building and repairing muscle mass, and it helps maintain a healthy immune system.

There are about 20 amino acids,most prevalent in these are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Fats-are used by the body as energy and to store fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K). They also insulate the body and protect vital organs.

The human body stores excess fat in specialized cells called adipocytes.

consists of two main components—glycerol and fatty acids.

What happens to macromolecules from food during digestion?

Glycolysis can be best explained as a series of chemical reactions that extract energy from glucose. This process occurs in liver cells. At the start of glycolysis, a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is trapped and destabilized, or broken down into two three-carbon molecules. These molecules are called pyruvate. The net products of the process are two molecules of ATP—four molecules of ATP are actually produced, but two are used up—and two molecules of NADH. The liver also metabolizes other macromolecules,

If there is not enough carbohydrate intake, how does the body form glucose?

When there is a shortage of fats or carbohydrates, proteins can also yield energy.

Fats typically provide more than half of the body's energy needs.

If not enough protein is provided by the diet, the body starts chewing on muscle cells.

If there is a glucose shortage, how does the body produce energy?

glucose can be made in the liver and kidneys using protein from elsewhere in the body.

What atoms make up sugar molecules, amino acids, and fatty acids?

Sugar molecules - Glucose, Amino Acids - Proteins, Fatty Acids - Fat

Explanation:

These are the questions that you're supposed to answer in the essay. just arrange them into an essay format and change some stuff and add more so its not plagiarized. or just write the thing on your own bc thats what youre supposed to do : )

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms, in terms of numbers of species, dominating terrestrial habitats.

a. True
b. False

Answers

It’s true, there are more insects than there are any other specie and more kinds

How are karyotypes useful? Select two answers
They can help us identity genetic mutations
They can help us identity chromosomes mutations
They can help us identity the gender of an individual​

Answers

The answer is:
They can help us identify genetic mutations
They can help us identify the gender of an individual

Hope it helps!! :)

Which part of DNA is the actual genetic code? *

Answers

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine?
stored on one of the two strands of a DNA molecules as a linear, non-overlapping sequence of the nitrogenous bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). These are the "alphabet" of letters that are used to write the "code words".


Topic: Waste water treatment
pls answer will mark as brainliest ​

Answers

Answer:

D A C B

Explanation:

i hope its right

Which statement is true about biodiversity?

Answers

Answer:

A or C

Explanation:

B and D are plain illogical. C is definately true, but since it's a little too broad I'm thinking that it would be A, since natural disasters can decrease populations which can destroy genetic diversity (see founders effect).

Answer:

The correct answer is C. I just took the test on plato

WHAT IS THIS WHAT IS THIS WHAT IS THIS

Answers

Answer:

it is a pedigree

Explanation:

it is a pedigree

Answer:

It is a pedigree chart

What kind of energy transformation takes place when plants perform photosynthesis to produce glucose molecules? A. conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy B. conversion of chemical energy into radiant energy C. conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy D. conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy

Answers

Answer:

A. conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy

Explanation:

Heat/sunlight is from sun rays or radiations.

Chemcial energy because they use it

What were Earth's continents like in the Jurassic time period?​

Answers

Answer:

Here

Explanation:

Answer:

.

Explanation:

The Six Kingdoms: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria. How are organisms placed into their kingdoms?

Answers

Answer:

Organisms are placed into their Kingdoms based on their type of cells, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.

Explanation: Hope this helps :)

The kingdom is the taxonomical classification. The six kingdoms are divided and differentiated based on the cell type, cell shape, structure, and similarities.

What is the kingdom?

The kingdom is the first level of the taxonomical classification that contains a large number of species and further classifies the organisms based on their similarities and differences. It includes plants, animals, protists, fungi, archaebacteria, and eubacteria.

The species are classified based on the cell structure and their shape that makes them different from each other like the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes. Further, they are classified based on the cell number like single or multi-celled structures.

Then they are differentiated further based on the other characteristics like the cell organelles, cell function, and activities, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and the organization of the body.

Therefore, the kingdom classifies the organisms based on similarities and differences.

Learn more about kingdom here:

https://brainly.com/question/5186929

#SPJ2

What happens in an aphotic zone of a body of water?
O A. Plants grow quickly.
B. Water flows in and out quickly.
O C. There is no photosynthesis.
O D. The water is stagnant.

Answers

Answer:

O C. There is no photosynthesis.

Explanation:

Aphotic zone of a body of water refers to the part where almost no sunlight. With this condition of water, marine life is limited to species who does not light for survival. The aphotic area also is the basin of the dead organism that submerges from the photic part. Temperatures at these areas are also low

In an aphotic zone of a body of water, there is no photosynthesis present (option C), as the aphotic zone is the portion of the body of water that receives little to no sunlight and therefore does not support photosynthesis.

What is an aphotic zone?

The aphotic zone is the deep layer of a body of water that is not reached by sunlight. As a result, there is no photosynthesis in this zone, and plants cannot grow here. Since photosynthesis is the primary means of producing food and energy in most aquatic ecosystems, organisms in the aphotic zone have to rely on alternative sources of energy. In the aphotic zone, organic matter such as dead plants and animals that sink down from the photic zone provide a source of energy for organisms.

Hence, in an aphotic zone of a body of water, there is no photosynthesis present in option C.

Learn more about the apotic zone here.

https://brainly.com/question/4289412

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Are there any mammalian cells that would be a good source for dividing cells? What types of cells would most likely not have cells undergoing division?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Thanks for the pointd

What is the relationship between the places where malaria is common and where the sickle cell allele is commonly found?

Answers

Answer:

At a global scale, the sickle cell gene is most commonly found in areas with historically high levels of malaria, adding geographical support to the hypothesis that the gene, while potentially deadly, avoids disappearing through natural selection by providing protection against malaria.Nov 2, 2010

Explanation:

I hope this helps      :)

why does the sky looks blue in the daytime and looks red during sunset because in of brownian movement be cause of the suspense is particles the air see because the tyndall effect because the of the particles a directly ​

Answers

Answer:

due to the refraction of light from sea.

Explanation:

the sky looks blue in the daytime and looks red during sunset because in of brownian movement be cause of the suspense is particles the air see because the tyndall effect because the of the particles a directly

What can impact the severity of weather disturbances along a weather front?

Answers

Answer:

Human activity is causing rapid changes to our global climate that are contributing to extreme weather conditions. When fossil fuels are burned for electricity, heat, and transportation, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps solar radiation, is released into our atmosphere.

Explanation:

Climate change influences severe weather by causing longer droughts and higher temperatures in some regions and more intense deluges in others, say climate experts. Among the most vulnerable are communities in exposed mo Extreme weather events can lead to substantial impacts, including loss of life, damages to buildings, agricultural production and natural capital, as well as longer term economic effects.untain and coastal regions.

Answer:

Human activity is causing rapid changes to our global climate that are contributing to extreme weather conditions. When fossil fuels are burned for electricity, heat, and transportation, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps solar radiation, is released into our atmosphere.

Explanation:

Plz mark brainliest thanks

The question above, I’ll reward brainalist

Answers

Answer:

D im pretty sure

Explanation:

Answer:

its d just because uwu........

Is it possible to generate the amount of energy radiated to Earth from the Sun using the
chemical processes that occur on Earth?

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

The Sun generates energy from a process called nuclear fusion. half of the energy of the sun that's directed at Earth passes through

List the parts of a cell that are found in all types of cells.

Answers

Answer:

Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm & Ribosomes are found in all types of cells.

Mutation is a natural process that changes a DNA sequence. Most DNA changes Faul in a large areas of the genome that sits between genes, and usually they have no effect. When variation occur within jeans, there is more often a consequence, but even then mutations only really cause death or disease. Mutations also generates new variations that can give an individual A survival advantage.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is -

1) point mutation

2) deletion

3) inversion

4) frameshift mutation.

Explanation:

Point mutation or substitution mutation is a genetic mutation that takes place when there is a change in a single base nucleotide, it can be replaced with other nucleotides from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome.

Deletion is a genetic mutation that occurs when there is a loss of a segment of a chromosome. If the particular segment is responsible for an important protein or gene the offspring have to be with one copy only therefore, it is considered a bad mutation.

When there is a reversal of the segment of a chromosome occurs a change takes place in genetic material which is known as the inversion type of genetic mutation.

If any of the above mutations take place including deletion, inversion, replacement or insertion in one or more nucleotides to make a change in the amino acid sequence from the site of mutation forward is frameshift mutation.

Which cellular change in an organism could be inherited by the next generation?
1.
a change in the ribosomes in the pancreas of a squirrel
2.
the deletion of a single DNA base in a sperm cell of a trout
3.
a decrease in the size of a vacuole in a rose leaf cell
4.
the transfer of a piece of a chromosome in the skin cell of a raccoon

Answers

Answer:

4.

Explanation:

Chromosomes are passed on to children. Each parent gives 23 chromosomes to create a full set of 46.

Predict how the data will change after the treatment is given.
Normal Range
Lucy
Before Treatment
Choose Predictions
Decrease Stay the Same
Increase

Answers

you have change after treatment given

Answer:

The WBC count would increase.

The HIV Proteins would stay the same.

The Deoxyadenosine would decrease.

Explanation:

I did it lol but you could also look at the chart and see the intended therapy would bring levels that she exceeded lower back to normal and bring things she needed up to normal, also she didn't have HIV from the start so the proteins for it would stay the same.

Select the statement that BEST answers the following question
based on the information provided
Milk is uniformly mixed it contains several compounds-
water, proteins, fats, and sugars. Is milk considered a
substance or a mixture?
It is a liquid substance with uniform composition
b It is a mixture, only solids are pure substances.
С
It is a mixture that can be separated by physical
means
d
It contains compounds and is therefore a
substance

Answers

Answer:

D) It contains compounds and is therefore a substance

Explanation:

A mixture is composed of multiple compounds.

Aquifer is the process of seeping of water under the ground.

Answers

Answer:

The process of seeping of water into the ground is called infiltration. The groundwater thus gets recharged by this process. At places the groundwater is stored between layers of hard rock below the water table. This is known as an aquifer.

Answer:

Explanation:

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Groundwater can be extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology.

What is the relationship between wave height in a wave and
the energy that the wave is carrying?

the taller the wave height, the more intensity in the wave
the shorter the height of the wave, the less intensity in the wave
both a and be

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because i chose it and it was correct

At 5PM. the reading on the
dry bulb is 12°C and the reading on the wet bulb is
11°C. Determine the new relative humidity.

Answers

89% humidity based on the the dry/wet bulb table

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells? *
- They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.
- They attract charges in the cell's environment to give the cell a net charge.
- They provide instructions for the processes in the cell.
-They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.

Answers

Answer:

They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell

Explanation:

Proteins in the cell membrane allow some particles to enter and exit the cell. This type of passive transport is called facilitated diffusion.

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar at
A. C1
B. C2
C. C3
D. C5

Answers

Answer:

It's A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Why are enzymes important for our bodies

Answers

Answer:

Because enzymes have many functions as chemical catalysts in numerous chemical reactions (for example in metabolism). By lowering the activation energy, they make it much easier to carry out reactions. They are also indispensable for signal transduction and cell regulation, often via kinases and phosphatases. They also generate movement, with myosin hydrolyzing ATP to generate muscle contraction, and also transport cargo around the cell as part of the cytoskeleton. Other ATPases in the cell membrane are ion pumps involved in active transport.

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