Firm A, being a U.S. multinational corporation (MNC) wanting to borrow £30 million, is exposed to exchange rate risk because it will have to convert the borrowed pounds back into U.S. dollars at the end of the borrowing period. To hedge this risk, Firm A can use two different swaps: a currency swap and an interest rate swap.
Currency Swap: Firm A can enter into a currency swap agreement with a financial institution. In this agreement, Firm A would exchange the £30 million it borrows with the financial institution for an equivalent amount in U.S. dollars at the spot exchange rate of $2.00/£. This eliminates the immediate exchange rate risk for Firm A.
At the end of the borrowing period, Firm A will have to repay the £30 million to the financial institution. Assuming the spot exchange rate remains constant, Firm A will receive £30 million from its revenue. It can then use the £30 million to repay the financial institution without having to worry about the exchange rate.
Interest Rate Swap: Additionally, Firm A can enter into an interest rate swap agreement to manage the interest rate risk associated with its borrowing. In this agreement, Firm A would exchange its fixed interest rate on the £30 million borrowing (let's say 6%) with a variable interest rate based on the LIBOR rate (let's say 6.1%).
By entering into this swap, Firm A can protect itself from any increases in interest rates. If the interest rate rises, the financial institution will compensate Firm A for the increased interest payments. If the interest rate decreases, Firm A will have to compensate the financial institution for the reduced interest payments.
By utilizing both the currency swap and interest rate swap, Firm A effectively hedges its exchange rate risk and manages its interest rate risk, reducing the potential financial impact of fluctuations in exchange rates and interest rates.
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A. Discuss main theories of financial intermediation and their rationale for the existence of financial intermediaries. B. Explain the logic behind the credit multiplier and the main limitations of the model.
A. Main theories of financial intermediation and their rationale for the existence of financial intermediariesThe two main theories of financial intermediation include the information asymmetry and the transaction cost theory. B. The logic behind the credit multiplier is based on the reserve requirement set by central banks, which determines the proportion of deposits that banks must hold as reserves. Limitations to the credit multiplier model include reserve requirement, loan demand, and money supply.
The information asymmetry theory highlights the presence of information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers. Borrowers have better information on their investment opportunities compared to lenders. This asymmetry can create adverse selection and moral hazard problems, which can lead to market failure. The existence of financial intermediaries can help mitigate these issues. Financial intermediaries can conduct credit assessment, screening, and monitoring, which helps them identify creditworthy borrowers and limit moral hazard.The transaction cost theory emphasizes that it is more efficient for financial intermediaries to conduct financial transactions compared to individual agents. Financial intermediaries can benefit from economies of scale, which can help reduce transaction costs. As a result, they can perform more efficiently compared to individual agents. Financial intermediaries can pool funds from different investors, reduce liquidity risk, and provide better risk diversification. As a result, they can provide a better return on investment for investors.The credit multiplier model highlights the potential impact of credit creation on economic activity. The credit multiplier refers to the ability of financial intermediaries to create credit that is larger than their initial deposit. The credit multiplier model assumes that banks hold a fraction of their deposits as reserves, and the rest of the deposits are lent out to borrowers. The model is based on the idea that loans create deposits. Banks can use these deposits to lend out more money.
As a result, the initial deposit can have a significant impact on the overall money supply.
The limitations of the model include the following:
1. It assumes that banks hold a constant reserve ratio, which may not always be the case.
2. The model does not take into account the impact of changes in interest rates on credit creation.
3. The model assumes that all credit created is used for productive purposes, which may not always be true.
4. The model assumes that the money supply is always created through bank lending, which may not always be true.
5. The model does not take into account the impact of changes in the velocity of money on the overall money supply.
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As described in the module and by Brookfield and Padoch in their article, Agrodiversity as a concept could include, broadly (check all that apply):
All the set of crop and soil management methods in use by different farming communities in a region or globally.
The range of income levels in a community that explains people's ability to engage in market-based agriculture.
Creating diverse environments for food-growing that complement the diversity of cultivated plants.
Innovations that result in the ability to survive a dramatic change in the climate or other aspect of growing conditions for food.
It emphasizes innovations that lead to the ability to withstand dramatic changes in the climate or other aspects of growing conditions for food. The correct option is A, C and D.
As described in the module and by Brookfield and Padoch in their article, Agrodiversity as a concept could include, broadly all the set of crop and soil management methods in use by different farming communities in a region or globally, creating diverse environments for food-growing that complement the diversity of cultivated plants and innovations that result in the ability to survive a dramatic change in the climate or other aspect of growing conditions for food. Therefore, the correct options are: A. All the set of crop and soil management methods in use by different farming communities in a region or globally.C. Creating diverse environments for food-growing that complement the diversity of cultivated plants.D. Innovations that result in the ability to survive a dramatic change in the climate or other aspect of growing conditions for food.
Agrodiversity, as a concept, describes all of the crop and soil management practices used by different farming communities in a region or globally. Additionally, it also refers to the creation of varied environments for food cultivation, which complements the diversity of cultivated plants. Lastly, it emphasizes innovations that lead to the ability to withstand dramatic changes in the climate or other aspects of growing conditions for food.
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according to the case study, children who have a rich experience with the arts have demonstrated which of the following
Children who have a rich experience with the arts have demonstrated academic, personal, and social benefits.
The arts have been seen to have a positive effect on students' academic, personal, and social success. Studies have demonstrated that students with high arts engagement were better academically and more involved in school and the arts than students with low arts engagement.
According to the case study, children who have a rich experience with the arts have demonstrated academic, personal, and social benefits. Specifically, students who participated in the arts showed improved grades, critical thinking skills, creativity, and motivation to learn. Additionally, they had better self-confidence, social skills, and community involvement. Overall, children who were involved in the arts gained benefits beyond just artistic development.
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Strategy Implementation
In Strategy Implementation, there are many ways that company's can pursue strategies to effectively exploit their competitive advantage and achieve profitability in the global marketplace. Following internal and external analysis, functional and business strategies that facilitate efficiencies, differentiation, horizontal and vertical integration and, related and unrelated diversification all provide strategic options for corporate strategists.
In strategy implementation, companies have various options to pursue strategies that effectively exploit their competitive advantage and achieve profitability in the global marketplace. These strategic options can be categorized into different approaches based on their characteristics and objectives.
1. Functional Strategies: Functional strategies focus on specific functional areas within the organization, such as marketing, operations, finance, and human resources. These strategies aim to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of these functions to support the overall corporate strategy. For example, a company may implement a marketing strategy to improve brand awareness and customer acquisition, or an operations strategy to optimize production processes and reduce costs.
2. Business Strategies: Business strategies involve decisions about how the company competes in a specific industry or market segment. These strategies can be based on achieving cost leadership, differentiation, or a focus on a specific niche. For instance, a company may choose a cost leadership strategy by streamlining operations and achieving economies of scale, or a differentiation strategy by offering unique and premium products or services.
3. Horizontal and Vertical Integration: Horizontal integration involves expanding the company's presence in the same industry by acquiring or merging with competitors. This strategy can lead to economies of scale, increased market share, and reduced competition. Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves acquiring or controlling suppliers or distributors along the value chain. This strategy can improve supply chain efficiency, control quality, and reduce costs.
4. Related and Unrelated Diversification: Related diversification involves expanding into new businesses that are related or complementary to the company's existing operations. This strategy allows the company to leverage its core competencies, share resources, and capture synergies. Unrelated diversification, on the other hand, involves expanding into unrelated businesses with no significant synergies. This strategy can provide opportunities for growth and risk diversification.
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. Whenever IRR on a project equals its required rate of return, its NPV equals zero.
b. If a project is acceptable using the NPV criterion, then it will also be acceptable using the discounted payback period since both methods use discounted cash flows to make the accept or reject decision.
c. Profitability index provides an advantage over the NPV method by reporting the present value of the benefits per dollar invested.
d. NPV of a project will increase as the required rate of return keep decreasing, assuming only one sign reversal.
The correct answer is: b. If a project is acceptable using the NPV criterion, then it will also be acceptable using the discounted payback period since both methods use discounted cash flows to make the accept or reject decision.
This statement is incorrect because the discounted payback period method does not consider the full discounted cash flows like the NPV criterion does. The discounted payback period only focuses on the time it takes to recover the initial investment, without considering the total value of the project or the time value of money. Therefore, a project that is acceptable based on the NPV criterion may not necessarily be acceptable based on the discounted payback period method.
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Suppose you just bought an annuity with 12 annual payments of $15,700 at the current interest rate of 11.75 percent per year.
What is the value of the investment at the current interest rate of 11.75 percent?
What happens to the value of your investment if interest rates suddenly drop to 6.75 percent?
What happens to the value of your investment if interest rates suddenly rise to 16.75 percent?
Given: Annuity has 12 annual payments of $15,700, interest rate of 11.75% per yearWe have to calculate the value of the investment at the current interest rate of 11.75 percent.Annuity payment (A) = $15,700Number of payments (n) = 12 per yearInterest rate (r) = 11.75% per yearLet's find the Present value of the Annuity.
Using the formula for the present value of the annuity,PV = A * [(1 - (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)) / r]PV = 15700 * [(1 - (1 / (1 + 0.1175)¹²)) / 0.1175]PV = $136,787.23So, the value of the investment at the current interest rate of 11.75 percent is $136,787.23.What happens to the value of your investment if interest rates suddenly drop to 6.75 percent?If interest rates suddenly drop to 6.75%, then the present value of the annuity would increase as the interest rate is inversely proportional to the present value of the annuity.Using the formula for the present value of the annuity,PV = A * [(1 - (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)) / r]PV = 15700 * [(1 - (1 / (1 + 0.0675)¹²)) / 0.0675]PV = $166,333.54So,
The value of the investment if interest rates suddenly drop to 6.75 percent is $166,333.54.What happens to the value of your investment if interest rates suddenly rise to 16.75 percent?If interest rates suddenly rise to 16.75%, then the present value of the annuity would decrease as the interest rate is directly proportional to the present value of the annuity.Using the formula for the present value of the annuity,PV = A * [(1 - (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)) / r]PV = 15700 * [(1 - (1 / (1 + 0.1675)¹²)) / 0.1675]PV = $107,393.23So, the value of the investment if interest rates suddenly rise to 16.75 percent is $107,393.23.
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Andrew Industries is contemplating issuing a 30-year bond with a coupon rate of 7.17% (annual coupon payments) and a face value of $1,000 Andrew believes it can get a rating of A from Standard & Poor's. However, due to recent financial difficulties at the company, Standard & Poor's is warning that it may downgrade Andrew Industries' bonds to BBB. Yields on A-rated, long-term bonds are currently 6.46%, and yields on BBB-rated bonds are 6.71% a. What is the price of the bond if Andrew Industries maintains the A rating for the bond issue? b. What will be the price of the bond if it is downgraded?
a. The price of the bond if Andrew Industries maintains the A rating for the bond issue will be $1,153.16
b. The price of the bond if it is downgraded will be $1,089.47.
a. The price of the bond if Andrew Industries maintains the A rating for the bond issue-
Coupon rate of 7.17%
Face value of the bond, FV = $1,000
Number of years to maturity, n = 30
Discount rate, r = yield on A-rated bonds = 6.46%
Calculation of price of bond
The formula for the price of a bond can be given as: P = C/(1 + r)n + C/(1 + r)n-1 + C/(1 + r)n-2 + ... + C/(1 + r)2 + C/(1 + r) + FV/(1 + r)n
Where ,C = Coupon payment, FV = Face value of bond, n = number of years to maturity r = discount rate
Therefore, in this case,
Price of the bond = ($71.7/$1,000) x {[1 - 1/(1 + 6.46%)^30]/6.46%} + $1,000/(1 + 6.46%)^30= $1,153.16 (rounded off to the nearest cent)
Hence, the price of the bond if Andrew Industries maintains the A rating for the bond issue will be $1,153.16.
b. The price of the bond if it is downgraded Coupon rate of 7.17% Face value of the bond, FV = $1,000 Number of years to maturity, n = 30 Discount rate, r = yield on BBB-rated bonds = 6.71%
Calculation of price of bond
The formula for the price of a bond can be given as:
P = C/(1 + r)n + C/(1 + r)n-1 + C/(1 + r)n-2 + ... + C/(1 + r)2 + C/(1 + r) + FV/(1 + r)n
Where, C = Coupon payment FV = Face value of bond n = number of years to maturity r = discount rate
Therefore, in this case, Price of the bond = ($71.7/$1,000) x {[1 - 1/(1 + 6.71%)^30]/6.71%} + $1,000/(1 + 6.71%)^30= $1,089.47 (rounded off to the nearest cent)
Hence, the price of the bond if it is downgraded will be $1,089.47.
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a microscope illuminator uses a transformer to step down the 120 v ac of the wall outlet to power a 12.0 v,50 w microscope bulb.
The explanation of how a transformer is used to power a microscope bulb is given below A transformer is a type of electrical equipment that is used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits via electromagnetic induction.
It operates on the principle of mutual induction, in which an alternating current in one coil induces a voltage in another coil. A microscope illuminator uses a transformer to step down the 120 V AC of the wall outlet to power a 12.0 V, 50 W microscope bulb. The transformer is used to step down the voltage from 120 V AC to 12.0 V AC, which is the required voltage for the microscope bulb. The transformer is designed to provide a specific output voltage at a specific power rating, which is 50 W in this case.
The output voltage is determined by the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil. The power rating is determined by the amount of current that can be drawn from the transformer without overheating it. The transformer has a core made of a ferromagnetic material that is used to enhance the magnetic field and reduce energy losses. The transformer also has two coils: a primary coil and a secondary coil.The primary coil is connected to the 120 V AC wall outlet, and the secondary coil is connected to the 12.0 V, 50 W microscope bulb. When the 120 V AC current flows through the primary coil, it produces a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil.
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Define the measurement principle. Select one: a. Transactions should be recorded on the basis of objective evidence where different people looking at the evidence would all arrive at the same conclusion. b. Accounting records should all be reported in a single currency. c. Items must be recorded at their historical cost. d. A business will continue to operate into the foreseeable future.
The measurement principle in accounting states that items must be recorded at their historical cost. Option (c) is the correct answer.
The measurement principle, also known as the historical cost principle, requires that items be recorded in financial statements at their original cost. According to this principle, the initial transaction or acquisition cost of an asset or liability is the most reliable and verifiable measure of its value.
Recording items at historical cost provides objectivity and verifiability in financial reporting. It ensures that transactions are measured based on objective evidence and can be supported by documentation and proof. Historical cost reflects the actual amount paid or incurred at the time of acquisition, which helps in providing a faithful representation of the financial position and performance of a business.
While the value of assets and liabilities may change over time due to factors such as inflation or market fluctuations, the measurement principle dictates that financial statements should initially reflect the historical cost. However, it's important to note that certain assets, such as marketable securities or inventory, may be subsequently adjusted to their fair value if it is deemed more relevant and reliable for decision-making purposes.
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October 1, 2021, Kristal Corp. issued $700,000, 5%, 10-year bonds at face value. The bonds were dated October 1, 2021, and pay interest annually on October 1. Financial statements are prepared annually on December 31. Instructions a. Prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds. b. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the accrual of interest on December 31, 2021. c. Show the balance sheet presentation of bonds payable and bond interest payable on December 31, 2021. d. Prepare the journal entry to record the payment of interest on October 1, 2022. e. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the accrual of interest on December 31, 2022. f. Assume that on January 1, 2023, Kristal pays the accrued bond interest and calls the bonds. The call price is 104. Record the payment of interest and redemption of the bonds. f. Loss $28,000 Prepare journal entries to record issuance of bonds, show balance sheet presentation, and record bond redemption.
a. The journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds:
Cash $700,000
Bonds Payable $700,000
b. The adjusting entry to record the accrual of interest on December 31, 2021:
Interest Expense $17,500
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
c. Balance sheet presentation of bonds payable and bond interest payable on December 31, 2021:
Long-Term Liabilities:
Bonds Payable $700,000
Current Liabilities:
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
d. The journal entry to record the payment of interest on October 1, 2022:
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
Cash $17,500
e. The adjusting entry to record the accrual of interest on December 31, 2022:
Interest Expense $17,500
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
f. The journal entries to record the payment of interest and redemption of the bonds:
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
Cash $17,500
Loss on Redemption of Bonds $28,000
Bonds Payable $700,000
Bond Interest Payable $17,500
Cash $725,500
a. The issuance of the bonds is recorded by debiting Cash for the face value of the bonds and crediting Bonds Payable.
b. On December 31, 2021, an adjusting entry is made to accrue interest expense by debiting Interest Expense and crediting Bond Interest Payable.
c. The balance sheet presentation on December 31, 2021, includes Bonds Payable under long-term liabilities and Bond Interest Payable under current liabilities.
d. The payment of interest on October 1, 2022, is recorded by debiting Bond Interest Payable and crediting Cash.
e. On December 31, 2022, an adjusting entry is made to accrue interest expense for the year by debiting Interest Expense and crediting Bond Interest Payable.
f. When the bonds are redeemed on January 1, 2023, the payment of interest is recorded by debiting Bond Interest Payable and crediting Cash. The loss on redemption of bonds is recorded by debiting Loss and crediting Bonds Payable, Bond Interest Payable, and Cash.
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What did Popeye's do leading up to the launch of their new
chicken sandwich with regard to introducing the idea to the public
and preparing stores? Were these areas of preparation
effective?
Leading up to the launch of their new chicken sandwich, Popeyes executed several marketing tactics to introduce the idea to the public and prepare their stores. These areas of preparation were highly effective.
Popeyes began promoting the new chicken sandwich about two weeks before its official launch after working on it for about a year. On the day of the launch, August 12, 2019, Popeyes strategically tweeted a picture of the chicken sandwich with a captivating caption. The tweet quickly went viral, generating massive buzz around the sandwich.
In addition to the viral tweet, Popeyes leveraged the power of social media influencers such as Ellen DeGeneres and The Roots. These influencers posted about the sandwich before its launch, creating anticipation among their followers and further fueling the excitement.
Popeyes also ensured their stores were prepared for the launch. They stocked up on enough supplies of ingredients for the sandwich and hired additional staff to meet the expected high demand. They also made sure their digital infrastructure was ready to handle a large volume of online orders.
The areas of preparation undertaken by Popeyes were highly effective. The chicken sandwich became one of the most talked-about fast-food items of the year, generating significant buzz and media attention. It is estimated that Popeyes received $65 million in media value from the exposure generated by the sandwich.
Overall, Popeyes' marketing tactics and store preparations successfully captured the public's attention and created a successful launch for their new chicken sandwich.
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(A) If the majority of assets owned by businesses are intangibles such as intellectual property rights, why is it so difficult to use those assets as security against loans from banks or other lenders?
(B) Pol Engineering Limited wants to develop some technology and has approached a professor experienced in this field at a local university to assist. Pol has never previously done any research-based work with a university and wants to understand the implications of a decision to enter a Research and Development Agreement with the University for the production of some intellectual property-based results. Write a concise memorandum identifying the problems associated with a research based agreement of this sort and how those problems may be dealt with.
(A) If the majority of assets owned by businesses are intangibles such as intellectual property rights, it's difficult to use those assets as security against loans from banks or other lenders due to the following reasons:
i. Intangible assets can easily lose their value over time.
ii. The value of intangible assets is subjective, so it's hard to put a specific dollar amount on them.
iii. It's hard to measure the cash flow associated with intangible assets because their value is based on future benefits that are difficult to predict.
Banks and other lenders are generally more comfortable using tangible assets as collateral against loans because their value is more objective and measurable.
Also, intangible assets are not considered to be easily converted into cash.
(B) Memorandum
To: Pol Engineering Limited
From: [Your Name]
Subject: Research and Development Agreement
Pol Engineering Limited is planning to enter into a Research and Development Agreement with a local university to produce some intellectual property-based results. While there are many potential benefits to this type of agreement, there are also some potential problems that should be considered before making a decision.
Some of the problems associated with a research-based agreement of this sort are:
1. Ownership: It can be challenging to determine who owns the intellectual property that is created as a result of the research.
2. Confidentiality: There may be concerns about confidentiality and the protection of sensitive information.
3. Quality: There can be concerns about the quality of the research and the accuracy of the results.
4. Cost: The cost of the research can be a significant consideration, and it can be challenging to predict the final cost accurately.
However, these problems can be mitigated by taking some specific steps such as ensuring that the agreement clearly defines the ownership of intellectual property, including confidentiality clauses in the agreement, having a well-defined scope of work with set deliverables, and developing a detailed budget and project plan that is reviewed and updated regularly.
Thank you.
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Discuss each question, explain and give examples each.
Essay
Personal developmental plans allow employees to answer
the following questions:
1. How can I continually learn and grow in the next year?
Personal developmental plans are a key tool for employees to identify and achieve their learning and growth goals in the next year.
By creating a personal development plan, employees can take control of their own career development and identify the steps they need to take to progress in their current role or move into a new one.
To create a personal development plan, employees should first identify their learning and growth goals. This might include obtaining a new certification or degree, learning a new skill or tool, or taking on new responsibilities within their current role. Once they have identified their goals, they can create a plan to achieve them. This might include identifying specific courses or training programs to attend, setting deadlines for completing their goals, and seeking out mentorship or coaching to help them along the way.
Personal development plans can also help employees identify any gaps in their knowledge or skills that need to be addressed. For example, if an employee wants to move into a new role that requires a specific skill set, they may need to take additional courses or training to develop that skill. By identifying these gaps, employees can create a plan to address them and fill in any knowledge or skills gaps they may have.
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FIN 311> Chapter 5 Homework-Time... Problem 10 Intro You want to borrow $700,000 from your bank to buy a business. The loan hasan annual interest rate of 3% and calls for equal annual payments over 10
If you want to borrow $700,000 from your bank to buy a business, the loan has an annual interest rate of 3% and calls for equal annual payments over 10 years, the annual payment for the loan can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity.
Annual payment for the loan is $93,705.92. This implies that you would have to make a payment of $93,705.92 each year for 10 years to pay off the loan of $700,000. This amount comprises of both the principal and interest amounts of the loan. The annual interest rate of 3% is applied on the outstanding loan amount each year and reduces with each payment. The principal amount repaid with each payment increases with each payment. The formula for calculating the interest and principal amounts for each payment is called the amortization schedule.
If you want to borrow $700,000 from your bank to buy a business, the loan has an annual interest rate of 3% and calls for equal annual payments over 10 years. The annual payment for the loan can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity. The annual payment for the loan is $93,705.92.
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Which two of the following are ways that firms can make money from inflation? Select all that apply: holding lots of cash by paying wages as late as possible by paying bills as late as possible all of the above
The two ways that firms can make money from inflation are: holding lots of cash and paying bills as late as possible. These two methods help businesses to earn a profit from inflation by maximizing the value of their money.
Firms can make money from inflation in several ways, but two of the most common methods include holding lots of cash and paying bills as late as possible. Let's take a closer look at each of these methods:
1. Holding lots of cash
Holding lots of cash is one way that firms can make money from inflation. When prices are rising, the value of money declines over time. This means that the longer businesses hold onto their cash, the less valuable it becomes. By holding onto their cash and waiting for prices to rise, firms can increase their profits as the value of their cash decreases. This way businesses can gain a lot from inflation.
2. Paying bills as late as possible
Another way that firms can make money from inflation is by paying bills as late as possible. When prices are rising, businesses can take advantage of the situation by delaying payments as long as possible. This helps businesses to hold onto their money longer and avoid paying higher prices for goods and services. By doing so, businesses can earn more profits. These are some of the ways firms can earn profits from inflation.
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True/False : public services and nonprofit organizations are components of the services sector:
The given statement "Public services and nonprofit organizations are components of the services sector" is true because public services and nonprofit organizations are components of the services sector. This sector can also be referred to as the tertiary sector and is involved in the provision of intangible products and services to customers.
It is divided into four primary categories: public services, private services, government services, and nonprofit organizations.Public services are funded and operated by the government and are provided to citizens free of charge or at a reduced cost. Examples of public services include police and fire departments, public libraries, and public transportation services.Nonprofit organizations, on the other hand, are entities that are not primarily motivated by making a profit.
Instead, they are established to fulfill a specific societal need or goal. These organizations may provide various services such as charitable services, advocacy services, and social services. Examples of nonprofit organizations include charitable foundations, trade unions, and religious organizations.The services sector is significant to the economy, as it accounts for a substantial portion of employment opportunities and revenue generation.
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Point Question 18 Fatima, an employee at AAA Company, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague Jassim, she receives lower pay. This is an example of ---- for Fatima. A) overpayment inequity. (B) instrumental inequity. C) distributive equity. underpayment inequity.
Fatima, an employee at AAA Company, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague Jassim, she receives lower pay. This is an example of underpayment inequity for Fatima. Thus, option D is correct.
Underpayment inequity occurs when an individual perceives that they receive lower rewards (in this case, pay) for their contributions compared to others who are in similar roles and perform at a similar level.
Fatima believes that despite exerting the same effort and utilizing the same skills as her colleague Jassim, she is being compensated less, leading to a perceived imbalance between inputs and outcomes. Underpayment inequity can have negative implications for employee motivation, job satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.
When employees perceive inequity in their pay, it can create feelings of demotivation, resentment, and a sense of unfair treatment. This can potentially lead to decreased productivity, engagement, and even attrition if the issue remains unaddressed.
To maintain a motivated and engaged workforce, organizations should strive to address and rectify instances of underpayment inequity. This can be done through fair and transparent compensation practices, regular evaluations of pay structures, and providing opportunities for employees to voice their concerns and provide input on compensation-related matters.
In conclusion, the example presented represents underpayment inequity, where Fatima perceives receiving lower pay compared to her colleague Jassim despite similar efforts and skills.
Organizations should be vigilant in addressing such inequities to ensure fair and just compensation practices, which in turn fosters a positive work environment and enhances employee satisfaction and productivity. Thus, option D is correct.
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"Question: In both examples, we use more than 1000
repetitions. What if we use only 10 repetitions?
Set-up • Capacity at each plant: 100 • Demand for each product: Normal (100,40) • Add one link at a time • For each case, generate 1100 demands For each demand, compute sales Compute average sales Simulation • We would like to compare different scenarios or ask many what-if questions about changes. • Some situations are extremely to understand, let along optimize. Simulation
• We would like to compare different scenarios or ak many what-if questions about changes.
• Some situations are extremely to understand, le along optimize.
• Simulation model is a computer model that imitates a real-life situation and it allows us to answer the what-if questions before changes take place or without actual changes.
Using only 10 repetitions in a simulation model can limit the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. However, it can still provide some insights and preliminary understanding of the system under consideration. The simulation model serves as a computerized representation of a real-life situation, allowing for the exploration of different scenarios and what-if questions without implementing actual changes.
When conducting a simulation, it is important to strike a balance between the number of repetitions and the desired level of accuracy. In the given scenario, using only 10 repetitions may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the system's behavior and potential outcomes. The small number of repetitions can lead to significant variability in the results and limit the reliability of the conclusions drawn.
Simulation models are useful tools for decision-making and analysis, as they allow for experimentation and exploration of different scenarios without making real changes. By inputting different parameters and running simulations, decision-makers can gain insights into the potential impacts of various changes and make informed decisions based on the results.
However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of a simulation model with a small number of repetitions. The results obtained from such a model should be interpreted with caution, as they may not fully capture the complexity and variability of the real system. For more accurate and reliable results, increasing the number of repetitions and incorporating more realistic assumptions into the simulation model is recommended.
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Choose a local or international company and discuss how this company: Develop a human resource strategic plan and how they design a valid recruitment & selection system. Assess training needs, design a training program, and evaluate
McDonald's has a human resource strategic plan that aims to attract, develop, and retain the best talent. The recruitment & selection system of McDonald's is designed to identify and hire the best talent. McDonald's assesses training needs, designs a training program, and evaluates it to ensure that the employees have the necessary skills to perform their jobs effectively.
Human Resource Strategic Plan of McDonald's
McDonald's has a human resource strategic plan that is based on the belief that employees are the most important asset of any company. McDonald's believes that the success of its business depends on the satisfaction of its customers and the loyalty of its employees. Therefore, McDonald's has a human resource strategic plan that aims to attract, develop, and retain the best talent. This plan includes the following:
Recruitment & Selection System of McDonald's
McDonald's has a recruitment & selection system that is designed to identify and hire the best talent. The system is based on the following principles:
Assessment of Training Needs
McDonald's assesses training needs by conducting a training needs analysis. The training needs analysis identifies the training needs of the employees. It is based on the following principles:
Design of a Training Program
McDonald's designs a training program that is based on the training needs analysis. The training program includes the following:
Evaluation of Training
McDonald's evaluates training by conducting a training evaluation. The training evaluation is based on the following principles:
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In 2021, a basketball player signed a contract reported to be worth $95.6 million. The contract was to be paid as $14.2 million in 2021, $14.5 million in 2022, $16.6 million in 2023, $16.7 million in 2024, $16.7 million in 2025, and $16.9 million in 2026. If the appropriate interest rate is 8 percent, what kind of deal did the player dunk? Assume all payments are paid at the end of the year.
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.
The basketball player dunked a deal worth approximately $76.79 million, considering an interest rate of 8 percent.
The contract signed by the basketball player can be classified as an annuity due. An annuity due is a series of equal payments made at the beginning of each period. In this case, the payments are made at the end of each year, so we need to convert the contract to an annuity due.
To calculate the present value of the contract, we can use the present value of an annuity due formula. Given that the appropriate interest rate is 8 percent, we can calculate the present value as follows:
[tex]PV = (14.2/1.08) + (14.5/1.08^2) + (16.6/1.08^3) + (16.7/1.08^4) + (16.7/1.08^5) + (16.9/1.08^6)[/tex]
Simplifying the calculation, we find that the present value of the contract is approximately $76.79 million.
Therefore, the basketball player dunked a deal worth $76.79 million.
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Rogue Drafting has debt with a book value of $420,000, market value of $400,000, preferred stock with a book value of $50,000, market value of $100,000, and common stock with a book value of $100,000, market value of $500,000. If debt has a cost of 7%, preferred stock a cost of 9%, common stock a cost of 14%, and the firm has a tax rate of 30%, what is the WACC?
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we need to determine the weightings and costs of each component of the capital structure.
The weightings are calculated based on the market values of each component:
Debt weighting = Market value of debt / Total market value
Preferred stock weighting = Market value of preferred stock / Total market value
Total market value = Market value of debt + Market value of preferred stock + Market value of common stock
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Forecasting is a technique that uses historical data as inputs to make informed estimates that are predictive in determining the direction of future trends.
Evaluate a technique whereby businesses are able to calculate customer’s lifetime value.
Lifetime Value (LTV) is an important metric for companies to know as it helps them determine the value of a customer over their entire lifespan. It can be difficult to calculate, but by using forecasting techniques and historical data, businesses can estimate a customer's LTV.
One technique that businesses can use to calculate a customer's LTV is the Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) formula. This formula takes into account the average revenue per customer, the customer's average lifespan, and the company's average customer acquisition cost. By plugging in these variables, businesses can get an estimate of a customer's LTV. Another technique that businesses can use to calculate a customer's LTV is regression analysis. This involves using historical data to identify trends and patterns in customer behavior and using this information to make predictions about future customer behavior. Overall, by using forecasting techniques and historical data, businesses can better understand their customers and make informed decisions that help them maximize their customer's LTV. The businesses can also be able to adjust their marketing campaigns, focus on retaining high-value customers, and improve their overall profitability.
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The primary tools of the Federal Reserve monetary policy include all of the following except
a. changing the discount rates.
b. changes in reserve requirements.
c. changes in the Federal Runds rate
d. open market operations.
The primary tools of the Federal Reserve monetary policy does not include the changes in the Federal Funds rate. The correct option is (c).
Monetary policy is a process that helps maintain the stability of a country's economy by manipulating the money supply and controlling interest rates. The Federal Reserve controls monetary policy in the United States, which is the central bank of the US.
The Federal Reserve is the central banking system of the United States. It supervises banking and regulates the nation's monetary policy, and operates a nationwide payment system.
It serves as a bank for the US government and also serves as the primary regulator of banks in the country. It has the mandate of stabilizing prices, maximizing employment, and moderating long-term interest rates.
Therefore, c is correct.
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Your aunty is small time investor. She normally doesn't read economic reports or analyze fundamental value of investment assets. She was act on friends' advice, rumors and instinct. For a long time, she was complaining that her investment doesn't bear fruits to her. One day she asks for basic information sharing session with you at your house. You love your aunty. You wish to share same basic information that you have acquired is our degree program. You have strong believe that understanding on risk and return concept which forms inevitable knowledge for investors will elevate and transform your aunty become an informed investor. You have given a small list of information which requires specific information could be sourced from research department of stock broking and investment company. On the following week, your aunty visits you with some information as you requested, return, possible national economic outcome and its chances. You found the information obtained are amazing due to its detailed statics in nature. The information was sourced from published weekly report by stock broking company for their clients. The analyst, who is an economist by profession organized general economic conditions into five levels, namely super excellent, excellent, normal, bad and worst. The respective chances of occurrence are 4%, 24%, 45%, 21% and 6% orderly. Your aunty also manages to collect information from investment advisory office that forecasted rate of return for two popular investments asset. The assets are called. Alpha and Beta.
To help your aunty become an informed investor, you can start by explaining the concepts of risk and return, economic outlook, investment assets etc.
1. Risk and Return:
- Risk: In investing, risk refers to the uncertainty or potential for loss associated with an investment. Different investments carry different levels of risk. Generally, higher-risk investments offer the potential for higher returns, but also come with a greater chance of loss.
- Return: Return is the gain or loss generated from an investment over a specific period of time. It represents the financial outcome of an investment and is typically measured as a percentage. Investors expect to be compensated for taking on risk, so higher-risk investments should ideally provide higher returns.
2. Economic Outlook:
- Explain to your aunty that the overall economic conditions can have an impact on investment returns. The weekly report obtained from the stock broking company provides a categorized view of the general economic conditions.
- The five levels identified in the report are: super excellent, excellent, normal, bad, and worst. These levels indicate the expected state of the economy.
- Each level has a respective chance of occurrence, which represents the probability or likelihood of that particular economic condition happening.
- Understanding the economic outlook can help investors gauge the potential risks and returns associated with their investments. Positive economic conditions are generally favorable for investments, while negative conditions may pose more risk.
3. Investment Assets:
- Mention that your aunty has obtained information on two popular investment assets called Alpha and Beta from an investment advisory office.
- Explain that investment assets can come in various forms, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or real estate. Each asset class carries its own level of risk and potential return.
- It's important to analyze the characteristics of the investment assets, including historical performance, future growth potential, and associated risks.
- Based on the information your aunty collected, discuss the forecasted rate of return for Alpha and Beta. This will help her understand the expected returns from these investment assets.
Remember to emphasize that making informed investment decisions requires careful consideration of both risk and potential return. Encourage your aunty to conduct further research, analyze historical data, and seek professional advice when necessary.
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A person wants to invest $10,000 for 3 years and is considering two different investments. The first investment, a money market fund, pays a guaranteed 6.8% interest compounded daily. The second investment, a treasury note, pays 6.9% annual interest. Which investment pays the most interest over the 3-year period?
The treasury note investment pays the most interest over the 3-year period, with a future value of approximately $10,866.81.
To determine which investment pays the most interest over the 3-year period, we can compare the future values of the two investments.
First, let's calculate the future value of the money market fund using the formula for compound interest:
FV = P * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where:
FV is the future value
P is the principal amount (initial investment)
r is the interest rate per period
n is the number of compounding periods per year
t is the number of years
For the money market fund:
P = $10,000
r = 6.8% / 100 = 0.068
n = 365 (compounded daily)
t = 3
FV_money_market = $10,000 * (1 + 0.068/365)^(365*3)
Next, let's calculate the future value of the treasury note, which pays 6.9% annual interest. Since the interest is compounded annually, we can use the simpler formula for compound interest:
FV = P * (1 + r)^t
For the treasury note:
P = $10,000
r = 6.9% / 100 = 0.069
t = 3
FV_treasury_note = $10,000 * (1 + 0.069)^3
Now, we can compare the two future values to determine which investment pays the most interest over the 3-year period. Whichever future value is higher indicates the investment that pays the most interest.
Calculating the future values:
FV_money_market ≈ $10,614.02 (rounded to the nearest cent)
FV_treasury_note ≈ $10,866.81 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Based on the calculations, the treasury note investment pays the most interest over the 3-year period, with a future value of approximately $10,866.81.
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Which one of the following statements is correct?
Market value is the amount of cash the owner hopes to receive if an asset is sold.
Market value is equal to the replacement value of an asset.
Book value is equal to the initial cost minus the depreciation to date.
Book value is the greater of the depreciated cost or the current market value.
Book value is the greater of the initial cost or the current market value.
The correct statement is: Book value is equal to the initial cost minus the depreciation to date.
Book value refers to the value of an asset as recorded in the accounting books. It is calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the initial cost of the asset. Depreciation is the allocation of the asset's cost over its useful life to reflect its gradual wear and tear or obsolescence.
Market value, on the other hand, represents the amount of cash that the owner hopes to receive if an asset is sold in the market. It is influenced by factors such as supply and demand, economic conditions, and the perceived value of the asset to potential buyers.
While market value may sometimes align with the replacement value of an asset, it is not always the case. Replacement value refers to the cost of acquiring an identical or equivalent asset in the current market.
Therefore, the correct statement is that book value is equal to the initial cost minus the depreciation to date.
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Current Attempt in Progress Staples, Inc. is one of the largest suppliers of office products in the United States. Suppose it had net income of $640 million and sales of $22,400 million in 2022. Its total assets were $13,200 million at the beginning of the year and $14,350 million at the end of the year. What is Staples, Inc.'s (a) asset turnover and (b) profit margin? (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.25.)
Staples, Inc. is one of the largest suppliers of office products in the United States. Suppose it had net income of $640 million and sales of $22,400 million in 2022. Its total assets were $13,200 million at the beginning of the year and $14,350 million at the end of the year.
What is Staples, Inc.'s (a) asset turnover and (b) profit margin?Asset Turnover:Asset turnover shows the efficiency of a company in utilizing its assets to generate sales. This ratio is calculated by dividing the net sales of a company by its total assets. It is one of the most important ratios for evaluating the efficiency of a company in utilizing its assets. Asset turnover can also be calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average total assets.
Using the formula,Asset Turnover = Sales/Total AssetsAsset Turnover = $22,400 million/[(13,200 + 14,350)/2]Asset Turnover = $22,400 million/13,775 millionAsset Turnover = 1.63Thus, Staples, Inc the formula,Profit Margin = Net Income/SalesProfit Margin = $640 million/$22,400 millionProfit Margin = 0.0286 or 2.86%Thus, Staples, Inc.'s profit margin is 2.86%.
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Bertha Fox, one of your long-time clients, calls and asks how to track payments made to 1099 vendors. What must Bertha do to enable this in QuickBooks Online? Check Track payments for 1099 in the Expenses tab of Account and Settings O Check to make sure that the 1099 wizard is enabled in Account and Settings Check Track payments for 1099 in the Vendor Information screen O Ensure the Business ID
By following these steps, Bertha will have successfully enabled the tracking of payments for 1099 vendors in QuickBooks Online. To enable tracking of payments made to 1099 vendors in QuickBooks Online, Bertha should follow these steps:
1. Go to the "Account and Settings" menu: Click on the gear icon in the top right corner of the QuickBooks Online dashboard, then select "Account and Settings."
2. Navigate to the "Expenses" tab: In the left sidebar of the Account and Settings page, click on the "Expenses" tab.
3. Check the "Track payments for 1099" option: Scroll down to the "Bills and expenses" section, and under the "1099-MISC" heading, check the box next to "Track payments for 1099." This option enables QuickBooks to track payments made to 1099 vendors.
4. Save the changes: Click on the "Save" button at the bottom right corner of the page to save the settings.
By following these steps, Bertha will have successfully enabled the tracking of payments for 1099 vendors in QuickBooks Online. This will allow her to accurately monitor and report payments made to vendors who qualify for 1099 reporting at the end of the year.
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The MBA Decision
Raj Danielson graduated from university six years ago with a nance undergraduate degree.
Although he is satifed with his current job, his goal is to become an investment banker. He feels
that an MBA degree would allow him to achieve this goal. After examining schools, he has narrowed
his choice to either Assiniboine University or the University of Passy. Both schools encourage intern-
ships, but to get class credit for the internship, no salary can be accepted. Other than internships,
neither school allows its students to work while enrolled in its MBA program.
Raj currently works at the money management rm of Prash and Sid. His annual salary at the rm
is $53,000 and his salary is expected to increase at 3% per year until retirement. He is currently 28
years old and expects to work for 38 more years. His current job includes a fully paid health insur-
ance plan, and his current average tax rate is 26%. Raj has a savings account with enough money to
cover the entire cost of his MBA program.
The Sentinel School of Business at Assiniboine University is one of the top MBA programs in the
country. The MBA degree requires two years of full-time enrollment at the university. The annual
tuition is $58,000, payable at the beginning of each school year. Books and other supplies are es-
timated to cost $2,000 per year. Raj expects that after graduation from Assiniboine, he will receive
a job fer for about $87,000 per year, with a $10,000 signing bonus. The salary at this job will in-
crease at 4% per year. Because of the higher salary, his average income tax rate will increase to 31%.
The Pond School of Business at the University of Passy began its MBA program 16 years ago. The
Pond School is smaller and less well known than the Sentinel School. It fers an accelerated one-
year program, with a tuition cost of $75,000 to be paid upon matriculation. Books and other supplies
for the program are expected to cost $4,200. Raj thinks that he will receive an fer of $78,000 per
year upon graduation, with an $8,000 signing bonus. The salary at this job will increase at 3.5% per
year. His average tax rate at this level of income will be 29%.
Both schools fer an extended health insurance plan that will cost $3,000 per year, payable at the
beginning of the year. Raj also estimates that room and board expenses will decrease by $4,000 per
year at both schools. The appropriate discount rate is 6.5%.
Questions
1. How does Raj’s age affect his decision to get an MBA?
2. What other, perhaps nonquantifiable, factors affect Raj’s decision to get an MBA?
3. Assuming all salaries are paid at the end of each year, what is the best option for Raj from a
strictly financial standpoint?
4. Raj believes that the appropriate analysis is to calculate the future value of each option. How
would you evaluate this statement?
5. What initial salary would Raj need to receive to make him indifferent between attending
Assiniboine University and staying in his current position?
6. Suppose, instead of being able to pay cash for his MBA, Raj must borrow the money. The
current borrowing rate is 5.4%. How would this affect his decision?
Raj would need to receive an initial salary of at least $101,189.86 to make him indifferent between attending Assiniboine University and staying in his current position.
Raj's age affects his decision to get an MBA because the earlier he gets his MBA, the more years he will have to reap the benefits of the degree. If he waits too long, he may miss out on some of the potential financial gains.
Some non-quantifiable factors that could affect Raj's decision to get an MBA include the reputation of the schools, the quality of the faculty, the networking opportunities available, and the location of the schools.
To determine the best option for Raj from a strictly financial standpoint, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows associated with each option. Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can calculate the net present value (NPV) of each option:
For Assiniboine University:
PV of salary after graduation = $87,000 / (1 + 6.5%)^2 = $73,142.23
PV of signing bonus = $10,000 / (1 + 6.5%)^2 = $8,394.71
PV of costs = -$58,000 - $2,000 - $3,000 - $4,000 = -$67,000
NPV = PV of salary after graduation + PV of signing bonus - PV of costs = $14,537.94
For University of Passy:
PV of salary after graduation = $78,000 / (1 + 6.5%) = $72,884.61
PV of signing bonus = $8,000 / (1 + 6.5%) = $7,452.47
PV of costs = -$75,000 - $4,200 - $3,000 - $4,000 = -$86,200
NPV = PV of salary after graduation + PV of signing bonus - PV of costs = -$5,862.92
From a strictly financial standpoint, getting an MBA from Assiniboine University would be the better option for Raj.
Evaluating the future value of each option alone is not sufficient to make a decision because it doesn't take into account the time value of money. Present values need to be calculated to determine which option is better financially.
To find the salary that would make Raj indifferent between attending Assiniboine and staying in his current position, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows associated with each option and set them equal to each other:
PV of current job = $53,000 + ($53,000 x 0.03) / (0.065 - 0.03) = $1,304,594.59
PV of Assiniboine MBA = -$58,000 - $2,000 - $3,000 - $4,000 + S / (1 + 6.5%)^2 + $10,000 / (1 + 6.5%)^2
PV of Passy MBA = -$75,000 - $4,200 - $3,000 - $4,000 + S / (1 + 6.5%) + $8,000 / (1 + 6.5%)
Setting PV of current job equal to PV of Assiniboine MBA and solving for S, we get:
S = $101,189.86
Setting PV of current job equal to PV of Passy MBA and solving for S, we get:
S = $95,718.92
So, Raj would need to receive an initial salary of at least $101,189.86 to make him indifferent between attending Assiniboine University and staying in his current position.
If Raj must borrow the money to pay for his MBA, he will incur additional costs in the form of interest payments. The NPV calculation for each option would need to be adjusted to take into account the interest payments. If the interest rate on the loan is higher than the discount rate, it would make the MBA options less attractive from a financial standpoint. Conversely, if the interest rate on the loan is lower than the discount rate, it would make the MBA options more attractive.
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Read a different quality of newspaper. Make note of at least three (3) articles in your newspaper you mention the word "research". Now examine the articles one at time. As you examine each, do the reference to research.
Refer the collection of facts or information with no clear purpose.
Refer to reassembling and reordering of facts or information without interpretation. Provide a means of getting the reader to respect what is being written.
Refer to a systematic collection and interpretation of data with a clear purpose.
Cut the three (3) articles with pictures you identify and analyze and discuss each
The three (3) articles with pictures that mention the word "research" in the newspaper are: Article 1: A research on the benefits of Yoga Article 2: An article about a company's research on renewable energy Article 3: A study on the effect of social media on mental health.
Article 1: The first article is about the benefits of yoga, and it refers to research that conducted to support the benefits of yoga. The reference to research refers to a systematic collection and interpretation of data with a clear purpose.
Article 2: The second article is about a company's research on renewable energy. It refers to research that collected facts or information with no clear purpose, and it is presented as a means of getting the reader to respect what is being written.
Article 3: The third article is about the effect of social media on mental health, and it refers to reassembling and reordering of facts or information without interpretation. It provides a means of getting the reader to respect what is being written. The first article's reference to research falls under the third category since the research conducted was to determine the benefits of yoga systematically.
The second article falls under the first category since the research conducted by the company was to collect facts and data. Finally, the third article falls under the second category since the article's information is based on research that has been reassembled and reordered without interpretation.
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