One component in the performance management process at the Balme Library that has not been implemented effectively is the setting of mutually agreed-upon goals.
The poor implementation of setting mutually agreed-upon goals has a negative impact on the flow of the performance management process as a whole. Without clear and specific goals that are mutually agreed upon by both managers and employees, there is a lack of clarity and direction in terms of performance expectations. Employees may not fully understand what they are expected to achieve, and managers may not have a clear understanding of employees' individual priorities and objectives. This can lead to a misalignment of efforts, confusion, and potential frustration on both sides. It also hinders the effectiveness of performance evaluations, as there is no agreed-upon benchmark against which employee performance can be assessed.
Conduct a systematic job analysis to understand the specific job responsibilities and requirements for each position within the library. This will provide a foundation for setting meaningful and relevant goals. Encourage open and frequent communication between managers and employees to facilitate discussions about performance expectations and individual goals. Managers should seek input from employees and involve them in the goal-setting process, ensuring that goals are challenging yet attainable.
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The chief operations officer of Company XYZ has instructed the internal audit department to investigate why regular customers who previously purchased product X are no longer purchasing the product. He wants to know why this has happened and what steps need to be implemented to prevent future occurrences like this. The investigation that the internal audit department will do is an example of … analysis.
Select one:
a.
risk
b.
casual
c.
decision
d.
Pareto
Q39
Pareto analysis is used to …
Select one:
a.
identify those risks that will have a dramatic impact on business projects/activities and objectives.
b.
determine the expected return of an asset in relation to its risk or risk profile.
c.
structure decisions, uncertain events and values of outcomes.
d.
identify the causes of any risk.
Q40
Decision analysis is used to …
Select one:
a.
structure decisions, uncertain events and values of outcomes.
b.
identify the causes of any risk.
c.
determine the expected return of an asset in relation to its risk or risk profile.
d.
identify those risks that will have a dramatic impact on business projects/activities and objectives.
Q41
Health and safety management in an organisation helps to avoid …
a the use of child labour.
b compensation payments due to workplace accidents.
c decreasing insurance premiums.
d adverse media attention which could damage an organisation’s reputation.
Choose the correct combination:
Select one:
a.
b,d
b.
a,c,d
c.
a,b,d
d.
a,b,c,d
Q42
Which of the following are examples of risk response strategies?
a The strategy adopted to understate the level of risk exposure.
b The strategy adopted to eliminate the risk altogether.
c The strategy adopted to accept, absorb or tolerate risk.
d The strategy adopted to transfer risk to another entity, business or organisation.
Choose the correct combination:
Select one:
a.
a,d
b.
a,b,c
c.
b,c,d
d.
a,b,c,d
The investigation that the internal audit department will do is an example of Pareto analysis. Thus, option D is the correct option.
The purpose of internal auditing is to offer value and enhance an organization's operations. It is an impartial, unbiased assurance and consulting activity. Applying a systematic, disciplined approach to review and enhance the efficacy of risk management, control, and governance procedures, aids a company in achieving its goals.
By offering insight and recommendations based on analyses and evaluations of data and business processes, internal auditing may be able to accomplish this purpose. Internal auditing offers value to governing bodies and senior management as an impartial source of independent advice thanks to a dedication to ethics and responsibility.
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Revision notes on ESA (using the PDf; no word limit)
a) Minimum wage ESA s,23
b) Pay for equal work regardless of employment status ESA, s
42
c) Hours of work and eating periods ESA, ss. 17 to 21
d) S
ESA stands for Employment Standards Act. It is a statute that establishes minimum employment standards for workplaces in Ontario, Canada. Below are the revision notes on ESA:
a) The minimum wage in Ontario as of October 1, 2020, is $14.25 per hour.
b) ESA s.42 provides that employees doing the same work should receive the same pay, regardless of their employment status. This provision ensures that employees in different employment classifications doing the same work must be paid the same amount.
c) ESA, ss.17-21 specify the maximum hours of work and the number of eating periods an employee should receive during their working hours. The ESA requires that an employee who works for more than five consecutive hours must be provided with at least 30 minutes for eating.
d) ESAThe fourth note is incomplete. Please provide more information to receive a proper response.
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Management of complex projects has become a little complicated, particularly amid the competition in the information age. To tackle the competition and become more efficient, industries have started using different mechanisms. Continuous Process Improvement is an organization's attempt to incrementally improve service, goods, and business processes to integrate more quality and efficiency. The process has a lot of benefits for organizations, especially because it helps in detecting errors and reviewing output. CPIM is an essential tool for generating output quality, that too, at reduced costs (Deshpande, 2022). The firms can attain a competitive position in the information age. Especially considering the competition between industries, the continuous process movement helps in sustaining more employee efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Continuous Process Improvement is a valuable approach for organizations to stay competitive in the information age.
By adopting CPIM principles, organizations can continuously enhance their processes, improve output quality, reduce costs, and increase employee efficiency and customer satisfaction.
It is a dynamic and ongoing process that requires a commitment to learning, innovation, and the pursuit of excellence.
Continuous Process Improvement involves analyzing and optimizing business processes to enhance their quality, efficiency, and effectiveness over time. By implementing CPIM principles, organizations can identify and rectify errors and inefficiencies in their operations, leading to improved overall performance.
The process of continuous improvement involves regularly monitoring and measuring key performance indicators (KPIs) to identify areas for improvement. It encourages organizations to gather feedback from employees, customers, and other stakeholders to gain valuable insights into their processes and make informed decisions.
CPIM promotes a culture of continuous learning and innovation within organizations. It encourages employees at all levels to contribute their ideas and suggestions for process improvement. By involving employees in the improvement process, organizations can increase employee engagement, motivation, and overall efficiency.
Implementing CPIM principles can result in improved output quality. By continually reviewing and refining processes, organizations can identify bottlenecks, reduce errors, and enhance overall productivity. This leads to higher customer satisfaction as customers receive higher-quality products or services.
Furthermore, CPIM helps organizations reduce costs by eliminating waste, streamlining processes, and optimizing resource allocation. By identifying and addressing inefficiencies, organizations can achieve cost savings while maintaining or improving the quality of their products or services.
Implementing CPIM can contribute to the long-term success and sustainability of organizations in today's competitive business environment
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Dixie Dynamite Company is evaluating two methods of blowing up old buildings for commercial purposes over the next five years. Method one (implosion) is relatively low in risk for this business and will carry a 10 percent discount rate. Method two (explosion) is less expensive to perform but more dangerous and will call for a higher discount rate of 14 percent. Either method will require an initial capital outlay of $97,000. The inflows from projected business over the next five years are given next.
The Dixie Dynamite Company is evaluating two methods, implosion and explosion, for demolishing old buildings. Method one (implosion) has a lower risk profile and a discount rate of 10 percent, while method two (explosion) is riskier and has a higher discount rate of 14 percent.
In evaluating the two methods, the Dixie Dynamite Company must consider the trade-off between risk and cost. Method one, implosion, carries a lower risk but comes with a discount rate of 10 percent. This implies a higher cost of capital and reduced present value of future cash flows. On the other hand, method two, explosion, is less expensive to perform but involves higher risk, leading to a higher discount rate of 14 percent. This higher discount rate reflects the company's need for a greater return on investment to compensate for the increased risk.
To make the decision, the company should compare the present value of cash inflows over the next five years for both methods. The cash inflows are not provided in the question, but it is essential to calculate the net present value (NPV) for each method by discounting the projected cash inflows using the respective discount rates.
The method with a higher NPV would be the more favorable option for the company. Additionally, the company should consider other factors such as safety regulations, potential liabilities, and their risk appetite when making the final decision on which method to employ.
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Cell phones, clothing, beverages, travel and toys. For each category, identify the top 3-4 market segments that the products should be marketed to. Write a paragraph for each, first identifying the product and the segments. Provide specifics on the segment. What does it look like? Include details like income, age ranges, interests, etc. Provide reasons (justification) as to why you chose those segments for that product.
The top market segments for cellphones are teenagers, young adults, and business professionals. The teenage market is mostly made up of people aged between 13 and 19. Teenagers are one of the fastest-growing markets for cellphones.
Young adults, aged 20 to 35, make up the majority of cellphone users. These are people who work or go to school and need a phone for communication and other purposes. Business professionals, aged 35 and above, use cellphones to communicate, check emails, and access the internet on the go.
Clothing should be marketed to the teenage, young adult, and middle-aged markets. Teenagers are the most significant buyers of trendy clothes. Young adults buy clothes that reflect their personality and lifestyle. The middle-aged market is made up of people aged 45 and above who have disposable income.
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Apply Funnel Channels into a digital card transport(
octopus)
Applying funnel channels to a digital card transport system like Octopus can enhance its efficiency and functionality.
Funnel channels can be implemented in a digital card transport system like Octopus to optimize its performance and improve user experience. A funnel channel refers to a strategic approach that guides users through various stages of interaction, aiming to convert them into loyal customers. In the context of a digital card transport system, the funnel channels can be employed to streamline the user journey from initial awareness to card adoption and regular usage. The first stage of the funnel channel involves creating awareness about the benefits and convenience of using Octopus as a digital card transport solution. This can be achieved through targeted marketing campaigns, informative content, and demonstrations of the system's features. Once users become aware of the system, the next stage focuses on generating interest and encouraging them to adopt Octopus as their preferred digital card for transportation.
The subsequent stages of the funnel channel revolve around guiding users to make the conversion from traditional physical cards to the digital Octopus card. This may involve providing clear instructions on how to download the Octopus app, register their card, and set up the necessary payment methods. Additionally, incentives such as exclusive discounts or rewards for digital card users can further motivate users to make the transition. The final stage of the funnel channel centers on nurturing the relationship with users and ensuring their continued usage of Octopus. This can be accomplished through ongoing customer support, personalized offers, and regular updates on new features or services. By implementing funnel channels, a digital card transport system like Octopus can optimize its user acquisition, retention, and engagement, ultimately enhancing its overall efficiency and functionality.
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When procedures are going to be used instead of fall protection, what are some conditions that your employer should put in place? (Select all that apply.)
Competent workers.
Written work procedures.
A written hazard assessment.
A limit to the number of workers exposed to the fall hazard.
A limit to the type of work to be done and the duration of it.
When procedures are going to be used instead of fall protection, some of the conditions that the employer should put in place are as follows:Written work procedures.A written hazard assessment.A limit to the type of work to be done and the duration of it.
Explanation:In order to use fall protection procedures instead of fall protection, there are certain conditions that employers should put in place, which are as follows:Written work procedures - This means that the employer should have written work procedures and all workers should follow the guidelines mentioned in the procedures. A written hazard assessment - The employer should carry out a written hazard assessment and it should be provided to the workers. A limit to the type of work to be done and the duration of it - This means that the employer should limit the type of work to be done and the duration of it. Competent workers - The workers should be trained to work on the job. A limit to the number of workers exposed to the fall hazard - The employer should limit the number of workers exposed to the fall hazard.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a limited policy?
A. Accidental death and dismemberment
B. comprehensive coverage
C. hospital indemnity
D. critical illness
Option (B) Comprehensive coverage is not considered a limited policy is the correct option . What is insurance policy? An insurance policy is a document detailing the terms and conditions of an insurance contract.
It defines the relationship between the insurance company and the policyholder. It also serves as proof of the contract's existence. Insurance policies typically describe the covered hazards, the policy's duration, and the agreed-upon premium. Insurance coverage can include life, health, property, and casualty coverage. There are several types of insurance policies, one of which is a limited policy.
A limited policy has specific coverage. Here are the four types of insurance policies, among which comprehensive coverage is not considered a limited policy: Accidental death and dismemberment Hospital indemnity Critical illness Comprehensive coverage is also known as a full coverage policy. This policy offers comprehensive protection, which includes coverage for accidents, theft, fire, natural disasters, and other hazards that could harm your vehicle. Full coverage also covers damage to your vehicle, which is not covered by other types of coverage.
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Discuss the existence, stability and uniqueness of equilibrium in case exchange (consumption without production). Suppose and endowed with the total supply of X and total supply of Y. UA = XA XA, UB equilibrium relative price (20) Q.No.4. of pure consumers of type A consumers of type B with the = XB XB. In a competitor market what is an of X? Is this equilibrium (i) unique (ii) stable?
It could be concluded that the equilibrium in case exchange is unique and stable.
In an exchange economy, there are no producers, and the economy is made up of pure consumers who exchange their endowments in a market where price is determined by the forces of supply and demand.
The economy is referred to as a pure exchange economy because it involves no production.
The existence of an equilibrium in such an economy is assured by the Edgeworth box.
A set of prices and endowments lead to an equilibrium if the consumers' allocations in the Edgeworth box coincide with the Pareto optimality of the allocation in the Edgeworth box.
In this equilibrium, the total endowment of both goods equals the sum of individual endowments, and the market-clearing price of each good is established.
Existence of Equilibrium in Pure Exchange Economy:
An economy will always have at least one equilibrium in pure exchange because Pareto optimality requires that both consumers are on the highest indifference curve that they can reach with their endowment as a constraint.
At this point, they both must be willing to trade with one another; thus, there exists an exchange rate at which both are ready to trade. This exchange rate results in an equilibrium, which we refer to as the competitive equilibrium.
Stability of the Equilibrium in Pure Exchange Economy:
A competitive equilibrium in a pure exchange economy is said to be stable if the economy remains at equilibrium after experiencing small disturbances from the equilibrium point.
An equilibrium is said to be unstable if small perturbations result in significant divergence from the equilibrium point.
In a pure exchange economy, the equilibrium is stable if the Pareto frontier is strictly concave.
The Pareto frontier is concave if the utility curves are all strictly quasiconcave, and the economy has at least two consumers, as in this case.
Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Pure Exchange Economy:
The equilibrium is said to be unique if there is only one set of prices and allocations that satisfies the necessary conditions for an equilibrium.
If the Pareto frontier is strictly concave, the equilibrium is unique, as there can be only one tangency point between the Pareto frontier and the contract curve.
So, it can be concluded that the equilibrium in the given case is unique and stable.
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Journalize the entries to record the following selected bond investment transactions for Dip, Inc. You MUST use the accounts outlined in the Chapter 15 narrated PowerPoint presentations - the accounts in your textbook aren't descriptive enough. Journal entry descriptions are not required. Date Transaction Description 4/1/2022 Purchased for cash, $50,000 of Bump, Inc. 9% bonds at 100 plus accrued interest. The bonds pay interest on January 31st and July 31st. 7/31/2022 Received the semiannual interest payment. 10/31/2022 Sold $20,000 of bonds at 104 plus accrued interest. 12/31/2022 Accrued interest. 12/31/2022 Marked the debt investments to a market value of $34,000. The debt investments are classified as available for sale investments. 12/31/2023 Market the debt investments to a market value of $31,000. The debt investments are classified as available for sale investments.
Dip, Inc. recorded various journal entries to reflect their bond investment transactions, including purchases, interest payments, sales, and mark-to-market adjustments.
Here are the journal entries to record the selected bond investment transactions for Dip, Inc.:
4/1/2022:
Debit: Debt Investments (Available for Sale) - Bump, Inc. Bonds $50,000
Credit: Cash $50,000
7/31/2022:
Debit: Cash $2,250
Credit: Interest Revenue - Bump, Inc. Bonds $2,250
10/31/2022:
Debit: Cash $20,800
Debit: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $200
Debit: Loss on Sale of Debt Investments $3,000
Credit: Debt Investments (Available for Sale) - Bump, Inc. Bonds $20,000
Credit: Interest Revenue - Bump, Inc. Bonds $200
Credit: Gain on Sale of Debt Investments $3,000
12/31/2022 (Accrued interest):
Debit: Interest Receivable - Bump, Inc. Bonds $900
Credit: Interest Revenue - Bump, Inc. Bonds $900
12/31/2022 (Mark to market value):
Debit: Unrealized Loss on Debt Investments $15,000
Credit: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $15,000
12/31/2023 (Mark to market value):
Debit: Unrealized Gain on Debt Investments $3,000
Credit: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $3,000
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Which of the following is one of the 10 strategic operations management decisions?
A) depreciation policy for tax returns
B) advertising
C) process and capacity design
D) pricing
E) debu/equity ratio
Process and capacity design is one of the 10 strategic operations management decisions. The correct option is C.
Process and capacity design is one of the ten strategic operations management decisions. Operations management involves managing the processes and resources within an organization to produce goods or services effectively and efficiently. The ten strategic operations management decisions, as identified by renowned scholars Roberta S. Russell and Bernard W. Taylor III, encompass various aspects of operations management that play a crucial role in achieving organizational objectives.
Process and capacity design refers to the strategic decisions related to designing efficient processes and determining the optimal capacity levels to meet customer demands. This decision involves analyzing the organization's production processes, considering factors such as workflow, layout, technology, and equipment, to ensure smooth and streamlined operations.
Process design aims to determine the most effective way to transform inputs into outputs. It involves selecting the appropriate processes, determining the sequence of activities, and establishing the necessary resources to deliver the desired products or services. This decision considers factors such as process flow, automation, standardization, and quality control.
Capacity design, on the other hand, focuses on determining the level of capacity required to meet customer demand effectively. It involves evaluating current and future demand forecasts, considering factors like market trends, seasonality, and growth projections, to ensure that the organization has the necessary resources and infrastructure in place to handle the expected volume of production or service delivery.
Both process and capacity design decisions have significant implications for operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, cost management, and overall organizational performance. By strategically designing processes and determining optimal capacity levels, organizations can enhance productivity, reduce bottlenecks, minimize waste, improve quality, and ensure timely delivery of products or services to meet customer expectations.
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The title of the research is
(the Impact of Work Stress on Employee
Performance in Jordanian Public
Universities)
I want to apply the following requirements to the name of the search with a reference, whether it is an article with its name or the method of obtaining it, and if the link is much better
Required their application on the name of the search:
Theoretical Framework:
Research Design:
Population and Sampling:
Data Collection Methods:
A theoretical framework that examines the connection between work stress and employee performance in public universities in Jordan. The research will involve surveys or questionnaires to gather data from employees who work in these universities.
Title of the research: "The Impact of Work Stress on Employee Performance in Jordanian Public Universities"
1. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this research explores the relationship between work stress and employee performance in the context of Jordanian public universities.
It draws on relevant theories and concepts from the fields of organizational behavior, psychology, and human resource management to understand how work stress factors influence employee performance outcomes.
2. Research Design: The research design employed in this study is likely to be quantitative in nature, utilizing surveys or questionnaires to collect data from employees in Jordanian public universities.
It may involve cross-sectional or longitudinal approaches to assess the impact of work stress on employee performance over a specific period. Further details about the specific research design and methodology would need to be obtained from the actual research article or publication.
3. Population and Sampling: The population in this research would consist of employees working in Jordanian public universities. The specific sampling approach, sample size, and selection criteria used in the study would be explained in the research article or publication.
4. Data Collection Methods: The data collection methods in this research are likely to involve the use of surveys or questionnaires administered to employees in Jordanian public universities. The specific measures used to assess work stress and employee performance would be outlined in the research article or publication.
The research may also employ established scales or instruments to gather data on variables of interest. The details of the data collection methods and instruments used can be obtained from the original research publication.
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When a project is a success, the NPV of the project is $600,000. When the project is a failure, the project can continue until completion and generates a -$300,000 NPV. The project can be abandoned at year 1, which generates a -$200,000 NPV. If probability of success and failure are 40% and 60%, respectively, what is the expected NPV of the project? O $60,000 O $120,000 O $600,000 O -$200,000 O -$300,000
Expected NPV of the project is $60,000. Net Present Value (NPV) refers to the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. If probability of success and failure are 40% and 60%, respectively, then NPV is option A) 60,000
The formula for calculating the net present value of a project is:
$$NPV = \frac{{{\rm{Cash\;flows\;at\;time}}\;t}}{{\left( {1 + i} \right)^t}} - {\rm{Initial\;Investment}}.$$
The expected NPV of the project is calculated by finding the sum of the expected value of NPV when the project is a success and when it's a failure.
The probability of success is 0.40, while the probability of failure is 0.60.
Therefore, the expected NPV is:
$$\begin{array}{l}{\rm{E}}\left[ {\rm{NPV}} \right]
= \left( {0.4} \right)\left( {600,000} \right) + \left( {0.6} \right)\left( {\left( {0.5} \right)\left( { - 300,000} \right) + \left( {0.5} \right)\left( { - 200,000} \right)} \right) \\{\rm{E}}\left[ {\rm{NPV}} \right]
= 240,000 - 180,000 \\{\rm{E}}\left[ {\rm{NPV}} \right]
= 60,000\end{array}$$
Therefore, the expected NPV of the project is $60,000. Option A is the correct option.
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The tendency of those who are insured to take more risks is called: a free riding b moral hazard. c adverse selection. d positive externalities.
The tendency of those who are insured to take more risks is called moral hazard.
Moral hazard refers to the behaviour exhibited by individuals or entities who are insured against certain risks, which leads them to take more risks than they would have otherwise taken.
When people have insurance coverage, they may be less cautious or careful in their actions because they know they are protected from the full consequences of their choices. This behaviour can increase the overall level of risk and potentially lead to higher costs for insurers. Moral hazard is a key consideration in insurance underwriting and pricing, as it can impact the profitability and sustainability of insurance policies. Insurers often implement measures to mitigate moral hazard, such as setting deductibles, co-pays, or coverage limits, to encourage insured individuals to act responsibly.
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Risk management
Gold Plc is a British gold mining company with a GBP1 billion bond in issue and a maturity date of 31 May 2032. The company has some activity in Russia, but most of the extraction happens outside of Russia. There is an active market for CDSs in Gold Plc bonds.
You own GBP1 million of Gold Plc bonds. You obtain a quote for 5-year cash settled CDS with a premium of 80 bp per annum paid semi-annually. Calculate the cash flows under this CDS if a default occurred after 1 year and 5 months and the auction-determined recovery rate is 30%.
The cash flows under the CDS if a default occurred after 1 year and 5 months with an auction-determined recovery rate of 30% for GBP 1 million of Gold Plc bonds and a 5-year cash settled CDS with a premium of 80 bp per annum paid semi-annually would be GBP 55,561.30.
The formula for calculating cash flows under the CDS is: Notional Amount x (CDS Rate - Recovery Rate) x (Actual/360) where Notional Amount is GBP 1 million, CDS rate is 80 basis points or 0.8%, the Recovery rate is 30%, and Actual is 455 days out of 1,825 days (5 years). Plugging in these values, we get: GBP 1,000,000 x (0.008 - 0.3) x (455/1,825) = GBP 55,561.30.
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What are the relationships between a business organisation and
its stakeholders? Why corporate governance is important to these
stakeholders?
A business organization has various stakeholders, including customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, creditors, government, and the community in which it operates.
The relationships between a business organization and its stakeholders are important because they affect the success and sustainability of the organization.
Customers: Customers are one of the most crucial stakeholders for any business. They provide revenue to the organization, and their satisfaction is directly related to the success of the business.
Employees: Employees are an essential part of any organization, and they play a vital role in its success. A good relationship with employees is crucial, as it can lead to increased productivity and loyalty.
Suppliers: Suppliers provide the necessary resources for a business to operate, such as raw materials, equipment, and services. Maintaining a good relationship with suppliers is essential as it ensures timely delivery and quality of resources.
Shareholders: Shareholders have invested in a company and expect a return on their investment. A good relationship with shareholders is essential as it ensures their continued investment and support.
Creditors: Creditors provide financial support to businesses, and maintaining a good relationship is crucial as it ensures access to capital when needed.
Government: Businesses must comply with laws and regulations set by the government. Maintaining good relationships with the government is essential as it can lead to favorable policies and regulations.
Community: Businesses operate within a community, and maintaining a positive relationship with the community is crucial. This can be achieved by engaging in corporate social responsibility initiatives that benefit the community.
Corporate governance is important to stakeholders as it provides a framework for the management of a business and ensures that the interests of all stakeholders are taken into account. Good corporate governance practices ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical behavior, which leads to the creation of long-term value for stakeholders. It helps businesses to build trust and credibility with stakeholders and can lead to improved performance and reputation.
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LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT
Question 1 (b)
You are selected to be part of the team in the Raju’s Hill Strawberry Farm located in Cameron Highlands.
(b) Formulate the Integration Strategy to export Cameron Highland's strawberry products to Singapore.
(b) The Integration Strategy to export Cameron Highlands' strawberry products to Singapore involves a comprehensive approach that encompasses various aspects of logistics management, including supply chain integration, transportation, distribution, and market positioning.
a) Supply Chain Integration: To successfully export strawberry products to Singapore, it is crucial to establish strong collaborations with local farmers and suppliers in Cameron Highlands. By forming partnerships, the farm can ensure a consistent and reliable supply of strawberries. Effective communication channels and information systems should be implemented to streamline the flow of goods and information throughout the supply chain.
b) Transportation: Developing efficient transportation routes and selecting appropriate modes of transport is essential to ensure the timely and cost-effective delivery of strawberries. Factors such as transportation costs, transit times, and handling requirements need to be considered when choosing transportation options. This may involve using refrigerated trucks or air freight to maintain the freshness of the strawberries during transit.
c) Distribution: Setting up distribution centers or warehouses in Singapore will help manage the inventory of strawberry products effectively. These facilities should be strategically located to ensure quick access to the market. Implementing inventory management systems will enable tracking of stock levels, rotation of inventory to maintain freshness, and efficient order fulfillment.
d) Market Positioning: Conducting thorough market research and analysis will provide insights into the preferences and demands of the Singaporean market. This information can be used to develop targeted marketing and branding strategies. Positioning Cameron Highlands' strawberry products as high-quality, fresh, and unique offerings will help differentiate them from competitors. Collaborating with local distributors and retailers will expand market reach and improve product visibility, making it more accessible to consumers.
By implementing this integration strategy, Raju's Hill Strawberry Farm can ensure a smooth and efficient process for exporting strawberry products to Singapore, meeting market demands, and establishing a strong presence in the market.
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Marin Limited is a private corporation reporting under ASPE. At December 31, 2021, its general ledger contained the following summary data:
Cost of goods sold
$1,215,000
Interest expense
35,800
Interest revenue
14,800
Operating expenses
217,000
Retained earnings, January 1
552,900
Sales
1,656,000
Additional information:
1.
In 2021, common share dividends of $24,800 were declared on June 30 and December 31. The dividends were paid on July 8, 2021, and January 8, 2022, respectively.
2.
The company's income tax rate is 20%.
Part 1
Record the dividend transactions in 2021. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.)
Part 2
Determine income tax expense.
Income tax expense
$
Prepare a multiple-step income statement for 2021. Part 3
Prepare a statement of retained earnings for 2021. (List items that increase retained earnings first.)
Part 1: Dividend transactions in 2021 were recorded as follows:
June 30, 2021:
Retained Earnings - $24,800
Dividends Payable - $24,800
December 31, 2021:
Retained Earnings - $24,800
Dividends Payable - $24,800
Part 2: Income tax expense is determined based on taxable income and the income tax rate.
In Part 1, the dividend transactions in 2021 are recorded by debiting the Retained Earnings account and crediting the Dividends Payable account. This reflects the declaration of dividends on June 30 and December 31.
In Part 2, income tax expense is determined by applying the income tax rate of 20% to the taxable income. However, the taxable income is not provided in the given information, so it cannot be calculated.
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Betty had always been the perfect employee. Her attitude was positive and she showed an understanding of all her colleagues at work. She spoke politely and fulfilled her tasks without any questions. Fun Fashions was a young, yet thriving business. The founder and owner, Samantha Wallace, had a well-established organization and most importantly, she was doing something she loved.
Samantha recruited Betty as her personal assistant ten years ago. Samantha trusted Betty completely because she had proven to be loyal and committed to Fun Fashions despite the many family problems Samantha knew she had. Still, Betty always had a smile on her face and this seemed to rub off on all other staff members, which resulted in a friendly work environment.
However, the last three weeks had revealed another side of Betty. She was late coming in and would rush off early. She now snapped at her co-workers and Samantha. What’s more, the
smile that made everyone’s day had transformed into a frown. Samantha even noticed tears in Betty’s eyes all the time.
"Without a doubt, something really terrible has happened to change her behavior," Samantha explained to John, the HR manager, who mentioned that the employees were complaining about Betty’s attitude. "What do you want me to do?" John asked, "I didn’t want to take action before discussing the matter with you."
"I’ll talk to her," Samantha insisted. The following day, Samantha asked Betty to stay after everyone had left. Betty felt butterflies in her stomach and knew what to expect but "how do I respond?" she thought.
As soon as everyone had left, Samantha immediately addressed Betty by saying she was worried about her. "I know something is wrong. It’s not like you to be angry and agitated at work and your productivity has really been bad. Talk to me, Betty."
As the tears swelled in her eyes, Betty thanked Samantha for being so patient. "I know I have been very negative lately and that this has reflected badly on the other employees and on my duties. But, I’m just so stressed out! I don’t know what to do." Betty continued to explain that David, her husband, had left the house. As a result, she was left with three children and debts. "I’m so sorry, I didn’t want to bring my problems to work but I had no choice."
"The stress is escalating and I just don’t know how to manage it. Please help me, Samantha!"
QUESTIONS
1. How did Betty’s attitude affect the work environment at Fun Fashions? Explain.
2. How would you describe Betty’s change in character? Was it stress or burnout? Why?
Betty's previously positive attitude and friendly demeanor had a significant impact on the work environment at Fun Fashions. However, her recent change in behavior, characterized by anger, agitation, and decreased productivity, created a negative atmosphere among the employees.
Betty's change in character can be attributed to stress rather than burnout. Despite being a dedicated and loyal employee, she was facing personal difficulties with her husband leaving and the responsibility of caring for three children and managing debts. These external stressors overwhelmed Betty, causing her to become emotionally strained and affecting her behavior at work. Her negative attitude, snapping at co-workers, and decreased productivity were symptoms of her inability to cope with the mounting stress.
Additionally, Betty's tearful demeanor indicated the emotional toll she was experiencing. It is important for Samantha, as a supportive employer, to provide assistance and guidance to help Betty manage her stress and find solutions to her personal challenges. By addressing the underlying issues and offering support, Samantha can help Betty regain her positive attitude and contribute to a more harmonious work environment.
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Which of the following is not a violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)? The management at Folding Squid Technologies: O appointed the company's Chief Financial Officer to chair the audit committee. O reported the discovery of a material weakness during management's annual assessment of the company's system of internal control. O asked their auditors to make recommendations for the redesign of their information technology system and to aid in the implementation process. O failed to mention to auditors that the company had experienced significant losses due to fraud during the past year.
The statement that is not a violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is: asked their auditors to make recommendations for the redesign of their information technology system and to aid in the implementation process.
What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was passed by Congress in 2002. It was implemented in response to corporate accounting scandals that resulted in the bankruptcy or near-collapse of several major businesses. The Act applies to all public businesses and imposes severe criminal penalties for any actions that violate it.
Section 404 of SOX requires a company's management to assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting annually, and this appears to have been done by the management.
The audit committee should be a separate entity from the CFO's office because the CFO is responsible for the company's financial reporting.The recommendation for the redesign of information technology systems is an excellent practice because it aids in the prevention of fraud.
The management did not omit significant information from the auditor's report. Therefore, they have complied with the SOX guidelines.
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The below table contains the current situation of the Electronic Company net contribution, and the three opinions for the three departments (MD, FD, and OMD) for improving the company's contribution. Complete the table and comment on your results. Marketing (MD) Option Marketing/Finance (FD) Option Operations Management (OMD) Option Reduce Production Current AED Increase Sales Revenue by 20% Increase sales by 10% and Reduce Finance Costs by 10% Costs by 20% Sales 300,000 Cost of Goods - 180,000 Gross Margin 120,000 Finance Costs -20,000 Subtotal 100,000 Taxes at 25% 25,000 Contribution 75,000
The completed table is as follows: Marketing (MD) Option Marketing/Finance (FD) Option Operations Management (OMD) Option
Reduce Production AED 300,000 AED 300,000 AED 300,000
Current AED 180,000 AED 180,000 AED 180,000
Increase Sales AED 120,000 AED 132,000 AED 126,000
Revenue by 20%
Increase sales by AED 100,000 AED 110,000 AED 105,000
10% and Reduce
Finance Costs by AED 15,000
10%
Costs by 20% AED 90,000
Sales AED 300,000 AED 330,000 AED 315,000
Cost of Goods AED 180,000 AED 180,000 AED 180,000
Gross Margin AED 120,000 AED 150,000 AED 135,000
Finance Costs AED 20,000 AED 18,500 AED 20,000
Taxes at 25% AED 25,000 AED 34,625 AED 33,750
Contribution AED 75,000 AED 96,875 AED 81,250
From the table, we can observe the following:
The Marketing/Finance (FD) Option, which suggests increasing sales by 10% and reducing finance costs by 10%, leads to the highest contribution of AED 96,875.
The Operations Management (OMD) Option, which recommends reducing costs by 20%, results in a contribution of AED 81,250.
The current situation with no changes yields a contribution of AED 75,000.
Based on these results, it is evident that implementing the Marketing/Finance (FD) Option would be the most effective strategy for improving the company's net contribution. This option focuses on increasing sales revenue while also reducing finance costs, leading to a higher overall contribution. It is important to note that these figures are based on the given assumptions and may require further analysis and evaluation in the context of the company's specific goals, market conditions, and operational capabilities.
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James Page works in a local music store where he sells guitars for $224.98 each. If he maintains a markup of 69.1% on selling price, what is the cost of a guitar to James? and rates to the nearest tenth of a percent The amount of markup on a store item is $13. Find the cost to the store if the markup is 20%.
The cost of a guitar to James is $132.33. The store's cost for the guitar is $119.33.
To calculate the cost of a guitar to James, we need to reverse engineer the selling price based on the given markup. Let's denote the cost to the store as C.
Given:
Selling price = $224.98
Markup percentage on selling price = 69.1%
Step 1: Calculate the selling price after markup:
Selling price = Cost + Markup
$224.98 = C + 69.1% of C
Step 2: Convert the markup percentage to a decimal:
69.1% = 0.691
Step 3: Solve for C:
$224.98 = C + 0.691C
$224.98 = 1.691C
C = $224.98 / 1.691
C ≈ $132.33
Therefore, the cost of the guitar to James is approximately $132.33.
To find the cost to the store, we can subtract the markup from the selling price:
Markup = 69.1% of C
Markup = 0.691 × $132.33
Markup ≈ $91.65
Cost to the store = Selling price - Markup
Cost to the store = $224.98 - $91.65
Cost to the store ≈ $133.33
Therefore, the cost to the store is approximately $119.33.
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Read the following text and summarize it in one paragraph. Please remember that a summary paragraph should include a topic sentence, some supporting ideas/sentences, and a final statement about the main conclusions reached in the original text. The New Normal By Janet Ashley, Cyprus Times, December 18th, 2021 One of the most oft-used terms after the pandemic is the term "new normal." This new normal in education is the increased use of online learning tools. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered new ways of learning. All around the world, educational institutions are looking toward online learning platforms to sustain learning and ensure that students' academic journeys are not negatively affected. The new normal is now causing an unprecedented transformation in the educational sector. Today, digital learning has emerged as a vital resource for students and schools all over the world. For many educational institutes, this entirely new way of education has proven very beneficial in a variety of ways. Above all, online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver lessons to students. It has a number of digital tools, such as educational videos, presentations, podcasts, and webpages, which teachers can flexibly use to maximize learning and ensure that no student is left behind. By extending the lesson plan beyond traditional textbooks to include online resources, teachers are able to become more efficient educators. In fact, many research studies have confirmed that online learning presents a wealth of additional opportunities to improve teacher's performance and achieve, accordingly, the required educational goals. Another advantage of online education is that it allows students and teachers to learn and study in the way they want. Students can, for instance, attend classes from any location of their choice. Schools can also reach out to a more extensive network of students, instead of being restricted by geographical boundaries. Additionally, online lectures or workshops can be recorded, archived, and shared for future reference. This allows all educational partners to access all important material at any time. In addition to efficiency and choice, online learning reduces financial costs. As reported by most students, remote learning is far more affordable compared to physical learning. This is because online learning eliminates many of the non-essential costs which students have to pay. These include student transportation, student meals, and most importantly, real estate. Besides, most of the prescribed learning materials and resources are available online in most cases, which makes learning more affordable, especially for disadvantaged students. As a conclusion, nobody can deny the fact that online learning has completely changed the educational scenery worldwide. It has offered both students and teachers immense opportunities to learn beyond the traditional classroom boundaries and improve their performance in way which nobody has ever imagined.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a "new normal" in education, characterized by the increased use of online learning tools.
Educational institutions worldwide are adopting online learning platforms to sustain education and ensure students' academic journeys are not compromised.
Digital learning offers various benefits, including efficient lesson delivery through digital tools such as videos and presentations, enabling personalized learning experiences, and expanding education beyond geographical boundaries.
Online learning also reduces financial costs by eliminating expenses like transportation and real estate. It has transformed the educational landscape, providing students and teachers with unprecedented opportunities to learn and improve performance.
The impact of online learning on education is undeniable and has ushered in a new era of educational possibilities.
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The "J-curve effect" demonstrates: O
A. The initial improvement and the eventual depreciation of a
country's trade balance following a currency depreciation O
B. The initial deterioration and the eventual improvement of
a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation
OC. The trade balance's lack of responsiveness to exchange
rate changes
O D. The trade balance that will improve without initial
deterioration.
The "J-curve effect" demonstrates the initial deterioration and eventual improvement of a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation. Thus, the second option B is appropriate.
A country's currency depreciation should lead to an improvement in its trade balance, according to economic theory.
As a result, the J-curve effect occurs because the trade balance deteriorates before it improves.A trade balance is the difference between a country's exports and imports.
When a country's currency depreciates, its exports become less expensive to foreign buyers, and its imports become more expensive to domestic consumers.
As a result, a country's exports increase, and its imports decrease.
A country's trade balance improves as a result of this.
Currency depreciation, on the other hand, might lead to a temporary deterioration in a country's trade balance.
This is referred to as the J-curve effect because the trade balance initially dips and then recovers to a higher level than before the depreciation.
The J-curve effect is caused by the fact that it takes time for a country's exports and imports to respond to changes in exchange rates.
Initially, the volume of trade is unchanged, but the value of the goods traded changes because the exchange rate has altered.
As a result, it may take some time for trade volumes to change in response to exchange rate changes.
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A fast food restaurant keeps record of the number of customer complaints per week. Recently, the location has had 4 complaints per week. Assume that the number of complaints follows a Poisson distribution. What is the probability the restaurant will receive two or more complaints in the next week? a 0.8754
b 0.1247 c 0.0842 d 0.9084
The probability that the restaurant will receive two or more complaints in the next week is approximately 0.8754. This means there is a high likelihood of receiving multiple complaints.
The Poisson distribution is commonly used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space, given the average rate at which the events occur. In this case, the average rate of complaints per week is 4. By using the Poisson distribution formula, we can calculate the probability of receiving two or more complaints.
To calculate the probability, we sum the individual probabilities of receiving two, three, four, and so on, complaints. Using the Poisson distribution formula, the probability of receiving exactly k complaints is given by:
P(X = k) = (e^(-λ) * λ^k) / k!
Where λ is the average rate of complaints and k is the number of complaints.
In this case, we want to find the probability of receiving two or more complaints, which can be calculated as:
P(X ≥ 2) = 1 - P(X = 0) - P(X = 1)
Substituting λ = 4 into the Poisson distribution formula, we can calculate the probabilities:
P(X = 0) = (e^(-4) * 4^0) / 0! ≈ 0.0183
P(X = 1) = (e^(-4) * 4^1) / 1! ≈ 0.0733
Therefore, the probability of receiving two or more complaints is:
P(X ≥ 2) = 1 - 0.0183 - 0.0733 ≈ 0.8754
So the answer is option a) 0.8754.
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Nature-Oriented Scenic Tours (NOST) provides guided tours to groups of visitors to NZ’s North Island. In recent years, NOST has grown quickly and is having difficulty
keeping up with all the various information needs of the company. The company’s CEO has asked you to help them design a database to manage data to support their
growing business.
Create an ERD based on the following business rules and requirements. Ensure that the ERD follows good database design practices
NOST offers many different tours. For each tour, the tour name, approximate length (in hours), and fees charged are needed.
Tours are classified into five categories: family-friendly, adventure, hiking, camping, and water activities.
Guides are identified by an employee ID, but the system should also record a guide’s name, home address, and date of hire.
Guides take a test to be qualified to lead specific tours. It is important to know which guides are qualified to lead which tours and the date that they
completed the qualification test for each tour. A guide may be qualified to lead many different tours. A tour can have many different qualified guides. New
guides may or may not be qualified to lead any tours, just as a new tour may or may not have any qualified guides.
Every tour must be designed to visit at least three locations. For each location, a name, type, and official description are kept. Some locations (such as the Hobbiton) are visited on more than one tour, while others (such as the Glow Worm cave) are visited by a single tour. All locations are visited by at least one tour.
When a tour is actually given, it is referred to as an "outing." NOST schedules outings well in advance so they can be advertised and so employees can
understand their upcoming work schedules. A tour can have many scheduled outings, although newly designed tours may not have any outings scheduled.
Each outing is for a single tour and is scheduled for a particular date and time. All outings must be associated with a tour. All tours at NOST are guided tours,
so a guide must be assigned to each outing. Each outing has one and only one guide. Guides are occasionally asked to lead an outing of a tour even if
they are not officially qualified to lead that tour. Newly hired guides may not have been scheduled to lead any outings.
Tourists, called "clients" by NOST, pay to join a scheduled outing. For each client, the name, address, and telephone number are recorded. Clients may
sign up to join many different outings, and each outing can have many clients. For each scheduled outing, NOST would like to keep track of the number of
parties who will join the scheduled outing (i.e. number of people). Information is kept only on clients who have signed up for at least one outing, although newly scheduled outings may not have any clients signed up yet.
Clients are billed for a scheduled outing that they book. A bill is produced for a client-outing booking. A bill includes date, charge amount, pay amount and remaining balance. For example, some clients may choose to pay their fees in allotments; therefore, NOST must keep track of the current pay amount and remaining balance. Each booking produces one and only one bill.
ERD of Nature-Oriented Scenic Tours (NOST) database includes guided tours, employee ID, specific locations, work schedules, one guide, scheduled outing, tracking and bookings.
ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) of Nature-Oriented Scenic Tours (NOST) database is as follows:
NOST ERD: The ERD is based on the following rules and requirements:
1. NOST provides guided tours that are classified into five categories: family-friendly, adventure, hiking, camping, and water activities. For each tour, the tour name, approximate length (in hours), and fees charged are needed.
2. Guides are identified by an employee ID. Each guide has a name, home address, and date of hire. Guides are qualified to lead specific tours, and it is important to know which guides are qualified to lead which tours and the date that they completed the qualification test for each tour. A guide may be qualified to lead many different tours, and a tour can have many different qualified guides.
3. Each tour is designed to visit at least three locations. For each location, a name, type, and official description are kept. Some locations are visited on more than one tour, while others are visited by a single tour.
4. When a tour is actually given, it is referred to as an "outing." NOST schedules outings well in advance so they can be advertised and so employees can understand their upcoming work schedules. Each outing is for a single tour and is scheduled for a particular date and time. All outings must be associated with a tour.
5. Each outing has one and only one guide. Guides are occasionally asked to lead an outing of a tour even if they are not officially qualified to lead that tour.
6. Clients pay to join a scheduled outing. For each client, the name, address, and telephone number are recorded. Clients may sign up to join many different outings, and each outing can have many clients.
7. For each scheduled outing, NOST would like to keep track of the number of parties who will join the scheduled outing (i.e. number of people).
8. Clients are billed for a scheduled outing that they book. A bill is produced for a client-outing booking. A bill includes date, charge amount, pay amount and remaining balance. Each booking produces one and only one bill.
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Siutation: Agricultural Consulting sells a consulting software package to clients. The direct cost of each software package is $550 which includes production, installation and basic support. The firm can sell the software package for $1100. The company has fixed costs of $85,250.
a. What is the shutdown price of this product? Explain.
b. What is the contribution margin per product?
c. How much quantity of the product will the company need to sell to breakeven?
d. What is the breakeven price of the product if the business plan is built on selling 25 units per year?
e. At a price of $1000, how much monthly profit or loss will the product provide if it sells 30 units per month?
f. Now, refer back to the original information. How much of the product will the company need to sell to reach a targeted profit of $75,000?
g. Now, refer back to the original information. If the firm wants the contribution/unit to be 75% of the selling price per unit, what price should be charged per unit?
Breakeven quantity = 155, Breakeven price is = $3,410 There is a monthly loss of $71,750. The price that should be charged per unit is $ 825.
Shutdown price: The shutdown price is the price at which a company is willing to leave the industry if the price of the product falls below this level. To calculate the shutdown price, the total fixed costs are divided by the contribution margin ratio. Fixed costs divided by the contribution margin ratio equal the shutdown price.
For Agricultural Consulting, fixed costs are $85,250 and the contribution margin per product is $550. The contribution margin ratio is 50% ($550 ÷ $1100).
Shutdown price = $85,250 ÷ 0.50 = $170,500
The contribution margin per product is $550, as stated in the question.
The formula for calculating the breakeven quantity is:
Breakeven Quantity = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin per Unit
= $85,250 ÷ $550= 155
The breakeven price of the product is calculated as follows
Breakeven Price = (Total Fixed Costs ÷ Unit Sales) + Variable Costs per Unit
Variable Costs per Unit = $550 - $550 = $0
Breakeven Price = ($85,250 ÷ 25) + $0= $3,410
The monthly profit or loss at a price of $1,000 for 30 units sold per month is calculated as follows:
Profit = (Selling Price per Unit x Quantity Sold) - Total Cost
= ($1000 x 30) - [(Variable Cost per Unit x Quantity Sold) + Fixed Costs]
= ($30,000) - [($550 x 30) + $85,250]
= ($30,000) - ($16,500 + $85,250)= ($30,000) - ($101,750)
= -$71,750
This represents a monthly loss of $71,750.
To calculate the number of units required to earn a target profit of $75,000, the following formula is used:
Unit Sales = (Fixed Costs + Target Profit) ÷ Contribution Margin per Unit
= ($85,250 + $75,000) ÷ $550= 300g.
To determine the price that should be charged per unit if the contribution/unit is to be 75% of the selling price per unit, the following formula is used:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit x Contribution Margin Ratio Contribution Margin per Unit
= $1100 x 0.75= $825
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Suppose you borrow $100 from a bank at 5 per cent interest for one year and the inflation rate that year is 10 per cent. Was this loan advantageous to you or to the bank? If the CPI was 120 last year and is 138 this year, what is this year's rate of inflation? In contrast, suppose that the CPI was 120 last year and is 116 this year. What is this year's rate of inflation? What term do economists use to describe this second outcome?
In the given scenario, borrowing $100 from a bank at 5% interest for one year while the inflation rate is 10%, the loan is advantageous to the borrower.
The loan is advantageous because the nominal interest rate of 5% is lower than the inflation rate of 10%. This means that the borrower will be repaying the loan with money that has a lower purchasing power due to inflation. In other words, the real value of the loan decreases over time. To calculate the rate of inflation, we can use the Consumer Price Index (CPI). In the first case, if the CPI was 120 last year and is 138 this year, the rate of inflation can be calculated as follows:
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Discuss impulse purchasing and store loyalty from the perspective of routine decision making. b. Evaluate impulse purchasing and store loyalty as special opportunities for retailers.
Impulse purchasing and store loyalty from the perspective of routine decision making: Impulse purchasing is an unplanned and sudden purchase of a product that may not be on a shopper's list. Customers impulsively buy items that they may or may not need. Retailers benefit from impulse purchases because they can attract customers who might otherwise not visit their stores.
Store loyalty is the tendency to purchase products from the same retailer or brand on a regular basis. Customers who are loyal to a brand are more likely to continue purchasing from it and become regular customers. It reduces the likelihood of a customer switching to another brand or retailer.
The routine decision-making perspective relates to the involvement of customers in the purchasing process. The involvement of customers in the purchasing process varies depending on the purchasing situation. Routine decision-making is one of three levels of involvement in purchasing situations, the other two being extensive and limited.
Retailers must recognize that customers often make decisions based on routine and their perceptions of familiarity with the store. Retailers may leverage impulse purchasing by encouraging consumers to make unplanned purchases while they are in the store. By strategically placing impulse items near checkout counters or entrances, they can increase sales and attract customers who might not otherwise visit their store.
Impulse purchasing and store loyalty are special opportunities for retailers because it allows them to increase sales and generate customer loyalty. Retailers may leverage impulse purchases by encouraging consumers to make unplanned purchases while they are in the store. By strategically placing impulse items near checkout counters or entrances, they can increase sales and attract customers who might not otherwise visit their store.
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Frederico Furniture Inc (FFI) is considering entering the patio furniture market with a new line of patio furniture made from recycled plastic. Your job is to determine if FFI should enter this new line of business. The new division would have a higher level of risk than the parent company due to the competitiveness of this market. You have been given the following information on the parent company (FFI), its new division, and the market: FFI: B = 0.5, D/E = 0.60, tax rate = 30%, R₁ = 7% Market information: Return on Government of Canada 3-month T-bills = 5%, Market risk premium is 5% FFI has identified a pure play company, Plastic Patios Inc (PPI), to use in its analysis of the new division. PPI: B = 1, WD = 40%, WE = 60%, tax rate = 40%, RD = 9% Determine the appropriate discount rate that FFI should use when evaluating projects for its new division. The new division will have the same capital structure, tax rate and cost of debt as the parent company, FFI.
To determine the appropriate discount rate that FFI should use when evaluating projects for its new division, we can use the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approach. The WACC considers the cost of both debt and equity capital based on the company's capital structure.
First, let's calculate the cost of equity (RE) for FFI using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
RE = RF + β × (RM - RF)
Where:
RF = Risk-free rate = Return on Government of Canada 3-month T-bills = 5%
β = Beta of FFI = 0.5
RM = Market risk premium = 5%
RE = 0.05 + 0.5 × 0.05
RE = 0.05 + 0.025
RE = 0.075 or 7.5%
Next, let's calculate the cost of debt (RD) for FFI. We are given that the cost of debt for the pure play company, Plastic Patios Inc (PPI), is 9%. Since FFI will have the same capital structure and cost of debt as PPI, we can use the same value for RD.
RD = 9%
Now, let's calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for FFI:
WACC = (E / V) × RE + (D / V) × RD × (1 - tax rate)
Where:
E = Market value of equity
D = Market value of debt
V = Total market value of equity and debt
Given the debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) of FFI is 0.60, we can calculate the equity and debt proportions as follows:
E = V / (1 + D/E)
D = D/E × E
Using the proportions, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (E / V) × RE + (D / V) × RD × (1 - tax rate)
Substituting the given values:
E = ?
D = ?
V = ?
tax rate = 30%
RE = 7.5%
RD = 9%
Unfortunately, without the market values of equity (E) and debt (D) or the total market value (V), we cannot calculate the exact WACC for FFI. These market values are necessary to determine the appropriate weightings of equity and debt in the capital structure.
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