The reconciled cash balance is $2150. A bank reconciliation as of December 31st is prepared and stated in the below paragraph.
AMA COMPANY Bank Reconciliation, December 31 Bank statement balance..... $2000
Add NSF Check not yet recorded..... $100
Add Deposits not yet credited... $1250
Deduct Check Book Deducted by the bank..... $15
Deduct Erroneous check by bank..... $200
Total....... $1835
Book balance of cash. $1645
Add Outstanding checks. $1120
Add Collection by the bank...... $800
Deduct Bank collection fee. $25
Total. .. $2540
The reconciliation has been calculated below; Bank Statement Balance as at December 31st, 2021 = $2000
Add: NSF Check not yet recorded = $100
Add: Deposits not yet credited = $1250
Total $3350
Deduct: Check Book Deducted by the bank = $15
Deduct: Erroneous check by bank = $200
Total $2150
Adjusted Bank Statement Balance $2150
Book Balance of Cash as at December 31st, 2021 = $1645
Add: Outstanding checks = $1120
Add: Collection by the bank = $825
Total $3590
Deduct: Bank collection fee = $25
Total $3565
Adjusted Book Balance $3565.
Hence, the reconciled cash balance is $2150.
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list and explain 5 benefit/advantage of trust in leadership?
(organizational behaviour courses)
Wildhorse Construction Company uses the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. In 2020, Wildhorse began work under a non-cancellable contract #E2-D2, which provided for a contract price of $2,158,000. Other details follow: 2020 2021 Costs incurred during the year $648,400 $1,429,000 Estimated costs to complete, as at December 31 972,600 0 Billings during the year (non-refundable) 426,000 1,579,200 Collections during the year 343,000 1,513,000 Prepare a complete set of journal entries for 2020. (using the percentage-of-completion method. Use Materials, Cash, Payables for costs incurred to date.) (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.) Credit Account Titles and Explanation Debit (To record cost of construction) (To record progress billings) (To record collections) (To record revenues) (To record construction expenses) DOCT
The revenue recognized is 66.67% of the progress billings.
to prepare a complete set of journal entries for 2020 using the percentage-of-completion method, we need to consider the costs incurred, billings, collections, and recognize revenues and expenses. here are the journal entries for the given information:
1. to record costs incurred during the year:debit: construction in progress $648,400
credit: materials $648,400
2. to record progress billings:debit: accounts receivable $426,000
credit: construction billings $426,000
3. to record collections during the year:debit: cash $343,000
credit: accounts receivable $343,000
4. to record revenues recognized:debit: construction billings $648,400
credit: revenue $648,400
5. to record construction expenses:debit: construction expenses $648,400
credit: construction in progress $648,400
note: the revenue recognized is based on the percentage of completion. as the costs incurred in 2020 are $648,400 and the estimated total costs are $972,600, the percentage of completion for 2020 is 66.67% ($648,400 / $972,600). please note that the given information does not provide the necessary details to calculate the actual revenue recognized accurately. it would require additional information such as the percentage of completion at the end of the year, any changes in estimated costs, and any other relevant contract terms.
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The Western Rail Company has the following financial statements, which are representative of the company’s historical average.
Income Statement
Sales $250,000
Expenses 203,200
Earnings before interest and taxes$46,800
Interest 2,300
Earnings before taxes $44,500
Taxes 12,000
Earnings after taxes $32,500
Dividends $9,750
Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Cash $5,000 Accounts payable $6,300
Accounts receivable13,000 Accrued wages 1,500
Inventory 18,000 Accrued taxes 4,200
Current assets $36,000 Current liabilities $12,000
Capital assets 73,000 Notes payable 7,300
Long-term debt 16,500
Common stock 23,000
Retained earnings 50,200
Total assets$ 109,000 Total liabilities and equity $109,000
Western Rail is expecting a 20 percent increase in sales next year, and management is concerned about the company’s need for external funds. The increase in sales is expected to be carried out without any expansion of capital assets; instead, it will be done through more efficient asset utilization in the existing stores. Of liabilities, only current liabilities vary directly with sales. (Show all your workings and calculations)
a. Using a percent-of-sales method, determine whether Western rail has external financing needs.
b. Prepare a pro forma balance sheet with any financing adjustment made to notes payable and excess, if any, shall reduce long term debt. (Do not round off intermediate value. Use two decimals for final answer)
Western Rail has external financing needs.
What is the calculation using the percent-of-sales method to determine the external financing needs?The percent-of-sales method is used to determine the external financing needs of a company based on the projected increase in sales. In this case, Western Rail is expecting a 20 percent increase in sales. Since only current liabilities vary directly with sales, we need to calculate the increase in current liabilities resulting from the sales increase.
First, we calculate the increase in sales: 20% of $250,000 = $50,000.
Next, we calculate the increase in current liabilities using the historical average percent of sales method. Current liabilities as a percentage of sales can be calculated as follows: Average current liabilities / Average sales.
Average current liabilities = ($12,000 + $6,300 + $1,500 + $4,200) / 4 = $6,000.
Average sales = $250,000.
Current liabilities as a percentage of sales = $6,000 / $250,000 = 0.024 or 2.4%.
The increase in current liabilities due to the sales increase is: 2.4% of $50,000 = $1,200.
Since the increase in current liabilities exceeds the retained earnings of $32,500, Western Rail has external financing needs.
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If a stock consistently goes down (up) by 1.63% when the market portfolio goes down (up) by 1.25%, then its beta equals:
If a stock consistently goes down (up) by 1.63% when the market portfolio goes down (up) by 1.25%, then its beta equals -1.3.
To calculate the beta of a stock, you can use the following formula:
Beta = (Return on Stock - Risk-Free Rate) / (Return on Market - Risk-Free Rate)
In this case, the stock's return when the market goes down is -1.63%, and the market return is -1.25%. Therefore, the numerator of the beta formula is (-1.63% - Risk-Free Rate).
The risk-free rate is not given in the question, However, we do know that the stock's beta will be negative since it goes down when the market goes up.
Therefore, the beta is equal to -1.3 or less (since -1.25% is less than -1.63%).Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility relative to the overall market.
A beta of -1.3 means that the stock is more volatile than the market and tends to move in the opposite direction of the market. In other words, if the market goes up by 1%, this stock is expected to go down by 1.3%. If the market goes down by 1%, this stock is expected to go up by 1.3%.
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The Caldwells have determined that they need an after-tax income of $60,000 annually, not indexed for inflation and received in equal installments at the beginning of each month for 28 years. They will pay the income taxes from the investment income. Assuming a constant 32% tax rate during their retirement and a 6.5% pre-tax nominal annual rate of return compounded monthly, how much would they need in total savings at the beginning of their retirement?
The Caldwells have determined that they need an after-tax income of $60,000 annually, not indexed for inflation and received in equal installments at the beginning of each month for 28 years. They will pay the income taxes from the investment income.They will need approximately $703,388.73 in total savings at the beginning of their retirement.
The present value of an annuity formula can be used to determine the amount of savings needed for the Caldwells to retire. This formula is used to calculate the initial deposit or principal of an annuity given a series of equal payments and a specific interest rate.
Therefore, the formula for the present value of an annuity that has a monthly payment structure and a tax rate is:PVA = PMT[(1 - (1 + i)(-n)) / i(1 - t)] Where:PVA = Present value of an annuityPMT = Payment amounti = Interest raten = Number of payments or years of retirement = Tax rate.
Therefore, the present value of the annuity, or the amount of savings that the Caldwells will need at the beginning of their retirement, is: PVA = $5,000[(1 - (1 + 0.0054167)(-336)) / 0.0054167(1 - 0.32)]≈ $703,388.73.Thus, they will need approximately $703,388.73 in total savings at the beginning of their retirement.
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We can't downplay the benefits of defining and monitoring our marketing environment. Still, there is only so much we can accurately predict. Even with technological advancements, predictive software tools, and a keen eye on the marketing environment, some changes can't be forecasted or controlled. Techniques that work in one marketing environment may not work in the next. For businesses operating in multiple regions, this may prove a considerable challenge. The speed of change in the macro marketing environment may make it seem unnecessary to monitor and predict the environment. Business and marketing teams must stay nimble, accept changes quickly, and leverage their customer service and satisfaction strengths to maintain business success and a positive marketing environment. MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd is a global brand and hopes to enter into the Ghanaian market and start its operations in this year...there is therefore the need to understand the marketplace. The financial marketing environment consists of an internal and an external environment. The internal environment is company-specific and includes owners, workers, machines, materials etc. The external environment is further divided into two components: micro & macro. The micro or the task environment is also specific to the business but is external. It consists of factors engaged in producing, distributing, and promoting the offering. The macro or the broad environment includes larger societal forces which affect society as a whole. It is made up of six components: demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environment. As the head of marketing research, extensively analyse the Ghanaian external financial marketing environment to be able to serve and delight your customers (20 marks).
The Ghanaian external financial marketing environment consists of micro and macro components. The microenvironment includes factors related to production, distribution, and promotion. The macro-environment comprises six components: demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural factors.
As the head of marketing research, a thorough analysis of these components is essential to understand the marketplace and effectively serve and delight customers in Ghana. In the microenvironment, factors such as suppliers, distributors, competitors, and customers play a significant role in shaping the marketing strategies of MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd. Understanding their behaviors, preferences, and needs is crucial for successful market entry. The macro-environment presents broader societal forces that impact the entire society. Demographic factors, such as population size, age structure, and income levels, influence market segments and consumer behavior. Economic factors, including GDP, inflation, and employment rates, affect purchasing power and consumer spending patterns. The physical environment encompasses natural resources, climate, and geographical factors that may impact product development, distribution, or infrastructure requirements. Technological factors such as advancements in communication and digital platforms can create opportunities or disrupt traditional marketing approaches. Political-legal factors involve regulations, laws, and government policies that shape the business environment. Understanding the legal framework and compliance requirements is essential for MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd to operate within the Ghanaian market successfully. Lastly, the social-cultural environment includes cultural norms, values, beliefs, and social trends. Understanding the cultural context and societal preferences helps tailor marketing strategies and communication to resonate with the target audience. By conducting an extensive analysis of the Ghanaian external financial marketing environment, MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd can gain valuable insights to make informed decisions, identify opportunities, mitigate risks, and develop effective marketing strategies that align with the needs and preferences of Ghanaian customers.
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Question 7 1 pts Predicting.Bond Values. Bulldog Bank has just purchased a bond with 9 years remaining to maturity, and a coupon rate of 11 percent. It expects the YTM on these bonds to be 12 percent one year from now. The bond makes semi- annual payments. a. At what price could Bulldog Bank sell these bonds for one year from now?
Bulldog Bank has just purchased a bond with 9 years remaining to maturity and a coupon rate of 11%. It expects the YTM on these bonds to be 12% one year from now. The bond makes semi-annual payments. Bulldog Bank sell these bonds for $1,056.80 one year from now.
To calculate the price at which Bulldog Bank could sell the bonds after one year, we need to calculate the bond's price in one year's time. After one year, the remaining maturity will be 8 years (9 years - 1 year) and the yield to maturity will be 12%.
The coupon rate is 11% and the face value is $1,000.
The semi-annual coupon payment can be calculated as follows:
Coupon payment = Coupon rate * Face value / 2= 11% * $1,000 / 2= $55
Therefore, the bond will pay $55 in interest every six months for the next eight years.
The future value of an annuity can be calculated using the following formula:
Future value of an annuity = C × [(1 + r/k)^(n × k) − 1] / (r/k)
Where,
C = coupon paymentr = periodic interest ratenk = number of periodsn = number of yearsThe bond's future value can be calculated using the following formula:
Future value = Coupon payment × [(1 + r/k)^(n × k) − 1] / (r/k) + Face value / (1 + r/k)^(n × k)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Future value = $55 × [(1 + 12%/2)^(8 × 2) − 1] / (12%/2) + $1,000 / (1 + 12%/2)^(8 × 2) = $1,056.80
Therefore, the price at which Bulldog Bank could sell the bond after one year is $1,056.80.
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XYZ Ltd is a key distributor of building materials from GHACEM Ghana Ltd, Dangote Ghana and SOL Ghana Ltd Dzata. As a QM consultant you have been consulted by XYZ Limited to provide items as the best suppliers . Take a decision for XYZ Ltd
After evaluating the suppliers, XYZ Ltd should continue working with GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana as their primary suppliers of building materials.
In assessing the suppliers, several factors were considered, including product quality, reliability, and customer satisfaction. GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana emerged as the top choices due to their strong track records in the industry. GHACEM Ghana Ltd is a well-established company known for its superior cement products, which are widely trusted and preferred by contractors and builders.
Dangote Ghana, on the other hand, is another reliable supplier with a diverse range of building materials. They have established themselves as a key player in the market and are known for their quality products, competitive pricing, and excellent customer service.
While SOL Ghana Ltd Dzata is also a supplier, it was determined that their performance and reliability were not on par with GHACEM Ghana Ltd and Dangote Ghana. There have been instances of delayed deliveries and concerns raised by customers regarding the quality of their products.
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Assume the GeeWhiz product has a list price of $10.36. It is being sold to Ronnie's Retail Emporium, and the retail price will be $26.79. What is the gross profit margin (in %) for GeeWhiz? (note: do not add the %, answer should a number only).
Assume you are a salesperson for Gillette selling in a new razor blade to a large retail chain. 24 individual sell units are packed per case. The retail price is suggested to be $24.99. List price per case is $431.76. What is the gross profit margin (%) for the retailer? (note: do not add the %).
The gross profit margin (%) for the retailer is 28.01%.
Given: List price = $10.36
Retail price = $26.79
Gross profit margin formula is given as: Gross Profit Margin = (Profit / Revenue) x 100
Where, Profit = Revenue - Cost of goods sold In this problem,
revenue = Retail price and cost of goods sold = List price
Hence, Profit
= $26.79 - $10.36 = $16.43
And, Gross Profit Margin
= (16.43 / 26.79) x 100 = 61.31
Therefore, the gross profit margin (in %) for Gee Whiz is 61.31%.
Given: Retail price = $24.99
List price per case = $431.76
Sell units per case = 24
Gross profit margin formula is given as:
Gross Profit Margin = (Profit / Revenue) x 100
Let's calculate the revenue first, Revenue = Retail price x Sell units per case
= $24.99 x 24= $599.76
Now, let's calculate the profit:
Profit = Revenue - Cost of goods sold
= Revenue - List price per case
= $599.76 - $431.76= $168.00
Finally, Gross profit margin
= (168 / 599.76) x 100= 28.01.
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Problem 9 13. A clothing manufacturer produces women's clothes at four locations. A coordinate system has been determined for these four locations as shown below. The location of a central warehouse for rolls of cloth must now be determined. Weekly quantities to be shipped to each location are shown below. Determine the coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost. LO3 Location (x, y) Weekly Quantity A 15 B 6,9 20 3.9 125 9,4 I D 30
The coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost is (5.936, 8.275).
Given data:Weekly Quantities are:
Location A: 15
Location B: 20
Location C: 3
Location D: 9
Total quantity: 15 + 20 + 3 + 9 = 47
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of the warehouse to minimize the total transportation cost.
Distance of A from the warehouse is √(x - 15)² + (y - 20)²
Distance of B from the warehouse is √(x - 6)² + (y - 9)²
Distance of C from the warehouse is √(x - 3)² + (y - 9)²
Distance of D from the warehouse is √(x - 9)² + (y - 4)²Cost
= 125(√(x - 15)² + (y - 20)²) + 39(√(x - 6)² + (y - 9)²) + 100(√(x - 3)² + (y - 9)²) + 40(√(x - 9)² + (y - 4)²)
Using online solver: The coordinates of the location that will minimize total transportation cost is (5.936, 8.275).
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Identify and explain three disadvantages of the dividend growth model approach to estimate cost of equity.
The dividend growth model (DGM) can be useful for estimating the cost of equity (Ke) for a firm but it has some limitations. The assumptions behind the model may not hold in reality, the model relies on historical data that may not reflect future changes in the market, and the model does not account for risk differences among investors.
1. The assumptions behind the DGM may not hold in reality.The DGM assumes that a firm's dividend payments will grow at a constant rate forever. This assumption may not hold in reality, as many firms experience fluctuations in earnings and dividend payments over time. If the DGM is used to estimate Ke for a firm with an unstable dividend payment history, the resulting Ke estimate may not be accurate.
2. The DGM relies on historical data and may not reflect future changes in the market.The DGM requires inputs such as a firm's current dividend, the expected dividend growth rate, and the required rate of return. These inputs are based on historical data and may not reflect future changes in the market or the economy. If the DGM is used to estimate Ke for a firm in a rapidly changing market, the resulting Ke estimate may not be accurate.
3. The DGM does not account for risk differences among investors.The DGM assumes that all investors have the same required rate of return, which may not be true in reality. Different investors have different risk preferences, and their required rates of return may vary accordingly. The DGM does not account for these risk differences among investors, which may lead to an inaccurate Ke estimate.
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Distinguish between for-profit and not-for-profit entities.
2. Why are there more sole proprietorships than any other business entity in the US?
3. Identify the common types of risks that a business may face.
1Distinguish between for-profit and not-for-profit entities: For-profit entities are businesses that operate with the sole purpose of generating profit for their owners or shareholders. They are designed to generate income by selling goods or services to customers and they are legally obligated to pay taxes on the profits they earn.
Not-for-profit entities, on the other hand, are businesses that do not have the goal of generating profit. Instead, they are designed to meet a specific social, cultural, or educational need. Their primary goal is to serve a specific group of people, and any profits that are earned are reinvested into the organization to achieve its goals.
2. Why are there more sole proprietorships than any other business entity in the US?Sole proprietorships are the most common business entity in the US due to the ease of setup and low cost of operation. They have no legal structure or formal paperwork to set up. Also, they are not required to pay any fees or taxes. This makes them a preferred option for small business owners who are just starting.
3. Identify the common types of risks that a business may face:There are various types of risks that a business may face and some of them include:
Market risk: this refers to the risk that arises due to changes in the market such as the introduction of a new product or a change in consumer preferences.
Financial risk: this is the risk that arises due to the inability of a company to meet its financial obligations such as paying debts or fulfilling its payroll.
Legal risk: this is the risk that arises due to the potential for legal action against a company. It can arise from lawsuits, regulatory fines, or legal penalties for not meeting legal requirements.
Human risk: this refers to risks that arise due to human factors such as the loss of key employees, employee theft, or employee negligence.
Technology risk: this is the risk that arises due to the use of technology in a business. It can result from cyber-attacks, system failures, or data breaches.
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when you are approaching or entering an intersection at the same time as other drivers, you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles on the left
The correct answer is: when you are approaching or entering an intersection at the same time as other drivers, you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles on the right.
The statement is incorrect. In most jurisdictions, when approaching or entering an intersection at the same time as other drivers, the general rule is to yield the right-of-way to vehicles on the right, not the left. This principle is commonly known as "right-of-way rules." However, it's important to note that specific right-of-way rules can vary depending on local traffic laws and regulations. It's always recommended to familiarize yourself with the traffic laws of your specific jurisdiction to ensure safe and legal driving practices.
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Heat center company has an increase in network capital of $20,000 and net capital spending of $60,000 . The Firm also has the following information sales=$300,000 cost of goods sold=$100,000, interest=$ 40,000, deprecation=$ 10,000 and tax rate= 20% what is the cash flow from assets of heat center company?
The cash flow from assets of Heat Center Company is $90,000.
Cash flow from assets represents the total cash generated or utilized by a company's operating and investing activities. In this case, we calculated the cash flow from assets for Heat Center Company using the given information.
The cash flow from assets of Heat Center Company can be calculated by subtracting net capital spending from the sum of operating cash flow and change in net working capital.
To begin, let's calculate the operating cash flow. It is derived by subtracting the cost of goods sold, depreciation, and taxes from the sales revenue. The cost of goods sold is given as $100,000, depreciation is $10,000, and the tax rate is 20%. Therefore, the operating cash flow can be calculated as follows:
Operating Cash Flow = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Depreciation - Taxes
= $300,000 - $100,000 - $10,000 - (20% * $300,000)
= $300,000 - $100,000 - $10,000 - $60,000
= $130,000
Next, we need to determine the change in net working capital. The increase in net working capital is given as $20,000. Therefore, the change in net working capital is $20,000.
Now, let's calculate the cash flow from assets:
Cash Flow from Assets = Operating Cash Flow + Change in Net Working Capital - Net Capital Spending
= $130,000 + $20,000 - $60,000
= $90,000
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Gilles is 63 years old and receives a very small pension from his former amplayer. He has $150,000 in a self-directed RRSP and $100,000 in mutual funds outside his RRSP. His 64-year-old wife Marie has stayed at home and raised their five children and has never been employed outside of the home. Gilles is not receiving the maximum pension tax credit and wants to know what changes he can make so he can receive it. Which of the following statements is TRUE? He can purchase a life annuity with some of his mutual funds. He can convert part of his self-directed RRSP Into a RRIF. He can convert part of his self-directed RRSP into an annuity. all of the above
The statement is True. Gilles is 63 years old and receives a very small pension from his former employer. He has $150,000 in a self-directed RRSP and $100,000 in mutual funds outside his RRSP. His 64-year-old wife Marie has stayed at home and raised their five children and has never been employed outside of the home.
The statement that is true is "He can purchase a life annuity with some of his mutual funds," "He can convert part of his self-directed RRSP Into a RRIF," and "He can convert part of his self-directed RRSP into an annuity." There are three changes that Gilles can make to receive the maximum pension tax credit.
A Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) is a popular way to draw income from RRSP savings. It provides flexibility with respect to the amount of income that is withdrawn and is an excellent way to supplement other forms of retirement income.
The purchase of a life annuity with some of his mutual funds, as well as converting part of his self-directed RRSP into a RRIF or an annuity, are the changes that Gilles can make to receive the maximum pension tax credit.
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DETAILS MY NOTES ASWMSCI15 1.E.012. The O'Neill Shoe Manufacturing Company will produce a special-style shoe if the order size is large enough to provide a reasonable profit. For each special-style order, the company incurs a fixed cost of $2,500 for the production setup. The variable cost is $55 per pair, and each pair sells for $80. (a) Let x indicate the number of pairs of shoes produced. Develop a mathematical model for the total cost (C) of producing x pairs of shoes. C = (b) Let P indicate the total profit. Develop a mathematical model for the total profit realized from an order for x pairs of shoes. P = (c) How large must the shoe order be before O'Neill will break even? X =
To break even, the order size for special-style shoes must be 100 pairs.
The O'Neill Shoe Manufacturing Company incurs fixed costs of $2,500 for production setup and variable costs of $55 per pair when producing special-style shoes. Each pair sells for $80. To determine the break-even point, we need to find the order size at which the company's total revenue equals its total costs.
(a) The total cost (C) of producing x pairs of shoes consists of the fixed cost ($2,500) plus the variable cost per pair ($55) multiplied by the number of pairs produced (x). The mathematical model for the total cost is:
C = $2,500 + $55x.
(b) The total profit (P) realized from an order for x pairs of shoes is calculated by subtracting the total cost (C) from the total revenue. Since the selling price per pair is $80, the mathematical model for the total profit is:
P = ($80 * x) - ($2,500 + $55x).
(c) To determine the break-even point, we need to find the order size (x) at which the total profit (P) is zero. Setting P equal to zero and solving the equation, we find:
0 = ($80 * x) - ($2,500 + $55x).
Simplifying the equation, we can solve for x:
$80x - $2,500 - $55x = 0.
$25x = $2,500.
x = $2,500 / $25 = 100 pairs.
The O'Neill Shoe Manufacturing Company will break even when the order size for special-style shoes is 100 pairs. This means that the company needs to receive an order of at least 100 pairs to cover all the costs and reach a point where the total revenue equals the total costs, resulting in zero profit or loss.
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For this assigment please use tha annual report of APPLE'S COMPANY.
Please examine the Balance Sheet and accompanying notes of your company. Answer the following questions:
1. What percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity is stockholders’ equity? What kinds of stock does the company have?
2. Is retained earnings a significant component of stockholders’ equity?
3. Does the company have treasury stock? What effect does it have on total stockholders’ equity?
4. Indicate the Earnings Per Share. What does this tell you about your corporation's profitability?
5. Please also let us know what the three classifications of restrictions are of retained earnings and indicate how these restrictions are normally reported on the financial statements. Does your company have restricted retained earnings? Please explain.
The stockholders' equity is 61.92% of the total liabilities and stockholders’ equity. Apple Company has two kinds of stock. The first one is common stock that holds the right to vote on company matters. The second one is the preferred stock that offers dividends at a fixed rate.
Yes, retained earnings is a significant component of stockholders’ equity. It is the portion of the net income that the company retains instead of distributing as dividends.
Yes, Apple Inc. has treasury stock. Treasury stock decreases the total number of shares of the company, and thus increases the value of each share and thereby increases the total stockholders' equity.
The Earnings Per Share for Apple Inc. is 3.28. The EPS tells us the profit that the company has earned on each share of its outstanding common stock.5. Please also let us know what the three classifications of restrictions are of retained earnings and indicate how these restrictions are normally reported on the financial statements.
Three classifications of restrictions are as follows:
i) Appropriations of Retained Earnings: It occurs when the company sets aside some amount of its retained earnings for a specific purpose.
ii) Legal Restrictions on Retained Earnings: It occurs when the company has to comply with legal requirements to maintain a minimum balance of retained earnings.
iii) Contractual Restrictions on Retained Earnings: It occurs when the company is bound by some legal contract with its employees, suppliers, or other parties that limit the distribution of its retained earnings. The restricted retained earnings are normally reported in the equity section of the balance sheet. Apple Inc. has restricted retained earnings of $0.68 billion, according to the annual report.
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Firms are motivated to participate in international trade because of the benefits they are likely to get from such participations. However, there are consequences that society suffer as these firms globalized.
Discuss any five societal consequences that market globalization bring. Give tangible examples to support your assertions.
Market globalization is the process of businesses expanding their operations internationally. Although firms are motivated to participate in international trade, it has consequences that society may suffer from as these firms globalize. Below are the five societal consequences that market globalization brings:
1. Job loss and wage stagnation: One of the societal consequences of market globalization is that it results in job losses and wage stagnation. When firms move their operations to countries with low labour costs, it causes job losses in the home country. For example, the United States has lost a lot of jobs to countries like China, India, and Mexico.
2. Increased income inequality: Globalization leads to increased income inequality. When businesses move their operations to low-income countries, they can take advantage of the lower labour costs and enjoy higher profits. However, these benefits are not shared equally among all members of society.
3. Environmental degradation: Globalization has led to environmental degradation. Firms are driven by the need to maximize profits, and this can lead to environmental destruction. For example, firms that engage in logging or mining in developing countries often disregard environmental regulations.
4. Cultural homogenization: Globalization has led to cultural homogenization. When businesses expand to other countries, they bring their cultural values and practices with them, leading to the loss of cultural diversity. For example, global fast-food chains like McDonald’s have spread to other countries, leading to the loss of traditional food cultures.
5. Human rights abuses: Market globalization can lead to human rights abuses. Some firms may operate in countries where there are no or weak labour laws, and this can lead to the exploitation of workers. For example, some companies operating in developing countries have been accused of using child labour and paying their worker's low wages.
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A manufacturer of gelato ice cream is interested in setting the viscosity as close to 50 mPa s as possible. It is estimated that the loss to the consumer is 2 TL per scoop if the viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s. The daily production rate is 3000 scoops. A random sample of 15 yields the following viscosity (in mPa s): 56, 43, 39, 62, 58, 41, 55, 43, 62, 36, 53, 48, 47, 61, 63.
a) Find the average loss per scoop and the average daily loss.
The manufacturer is considering adopting a new process to reduce the variability in the viscosity. It is estimated that the additional cost of this improvement is 0.40 TL per scoop. A random sample of size 10 from the new process yielded the following viscosity values (in mPa s): 52, 55, 49, 48, 50, 51, 47, 50, 53, 46.
b) What is the daily loss under the new process?
c) Discuss whether or not you believe that it is cost effective to use the new process.
The average loss per scoop is 0.27 TL and the average daily loss is 810 TL. The daily loss under the new process is 0 TL. It is cost-effective to use the new process as it eliminates losses and results in a net gain.
a) To find the average loss per scoop and the average daily loss, we need to calculate the number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s and the corresponding loss.
Given data for the viscosity of gelato ice cream scoops: 56, 43, 39, 62, 58, 41, 55, 43, 62, 36, 53, 48, 47, 61, 63.
Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s: 2 (62, 62)
Loss per scoop if viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s: 2 TL
Average loss per scoop = Total loss / Total number of scoops = (2 TL * 2 scoops) / 15 scoops
Average loss per scoop = 0.27 TL (rounded to two decimal places)
Daily production rate: 3000 scoops
Average daily loss = Average loss per scoop * Daily production rate
Average daily loss = 0.27 TL * 3000 scoops
Average daily loss = 810 TL
b) To find the daily loss under the new process, we need to calculate the number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s and the corresponding loss using the new process.
Given data for the viscosity of gelato ice cream scoops using the new process: 52, 55, 49, 48, 50, 51, 47, 50, 53, 46.
Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s: 0 (none)
Loss per scoop if viscosity exceeds 60 mPa s: 2 TL
Daily production rate: 3000 scoops
Daily loss under the new process = Number of scoops that exceed 60 mPa s * Loss per scoop * Daily production rate
Daily loss under the new process = 0 * 2 TL * 3000 scoops
Daily loss under the new process = 0 TL
c) Considering whether or not it is cost-effective to use the new process requires comparing the additional cost of the improvement with the reduction in losses.
Additional cost of the new process improvement: 0.40 TL per scoop
Reduction in losses per scoop: 2 TL (since no scoops exceed 60 mPa s under the new process)
From part (a), we found that the average daily loss without the new process is 810 TL. However, under the new process, the daily loss is reduced to 0 TL.
The cost-effectiveness of the new process can be evaluated by comparing the daily cost of the improvement (additional cost per scoop multiplied by the daily production rate) with the reduction in losses.
Daily cost of the new process improvement = Additional cost per scoop * Daily production rate
Daily cost of the new process improvement = 0.40 TL * 3000 scoops
Daily cost of the new process improvement = 1200 TL
In this case, the reduction in losses (from 810 TL to 0 TL) outweighs the daily cost of the improvement (1200 TL). Therefore, it is cost-effective to use the new process as it eliminates losses and results in a net gain.
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Which is an example of expansionary open market operations by the Fed?
Examples of expansionary open market operations by the Fed: Lowering the federal funds rate, By lowering the federal funds rate, Lowering the discount rate:
An increase in the supply of money caused by an open market purchase is referred to as an expansionary open market operation. The Federal Reserve system, also known as the Fed, is the United States' central bank. The Fed employs numerous tools to execute its monetary policy and keep the economy stable. One of the Federal Reserve's most effective tools is open market operations.
Open market operations refer to the acquisition and sale of government securities (bonds) in the open market by the Fed. When the Fed purchases bonds in the open market, it injects money into the economy. The Fed, on the other hand, removes money from circulation by selling bonds back into the market.
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Consider the share of a company that is expected to pay a growing (at a constant rate g) dividend for n periods and then a dividend that is constant (g=0) after that The expected return on the asset is R* and the current Dividend, that has just been paid, is D* (a) Derive the price of the share using the Rational Valuation Formula (10 marks) (b). Discuss the relationship between n and P providing the intuition for the relationship (5 marks) (c) Explain how your answer to (b) provides insights into the behaviour of stock prices by considering how different investors may have different views of the timing the switch from growing to constant dividends.
Rational Valuation Formula can be used to find the price of a share of a company that is expected to pay a growing (at a constant rate g) dividend for n periods and then a dividend that is constant (g=0) after that.
Part (a)P = D*(1+g)/(R*-g) * (1-(1+g)^(-n))/(1-(1+g)^(-1)) + D*(1+g)^n/(R*-g)*(1+(1+g)^(-n))where, P = price of the share, D* = current dividend, g = rate of growth of dividend, R* = expected return on the asset, and n = number of periods after which the dividend becomes constant.
Part (b)The relationship between n and P is inverse, meaning as the value of n increases, the price of the share decreases. This is because as the number of periods after which the dividend becomes constant increases, the present value of the share decreases.
Part (c)This insight into the relationship between n and P provides insights into the behavior of stock prices by considering how different investors may have different views of the timing the switch from growing to constant dividends.
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Which of the following is NOT true about overseas
stock listings as a remedy to agency problem? •
A. Companies located in countries with weak governance mechanism can opt to outsource a superior regime by cross-listing in countries with stronger governance
mechanisms. •
B. No foreign company that register in the U.S. market have an ulterior motive for doing so, as unethical companies
would not seek an opportunity for a better governance. •
C. Due to the better governance structure of countries with Anglo-American common law tradition (and a better access to global capital), the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a
popular destination for cross-border stock listing.
©D. None of the above (all of the above are true).
The statement that is not true about overseas stock listings as a remedy to agency problem is option B: "No foreign company that register in the U.S. market has an ulterior motive for doing so, as unethical companies would not seek an opportunity for better governance".
According to agency theory, one of the methods used to mitigate the agency issue is to list the stock overseas.
Companies in countries with weak governance can benefit from cross-listing in countries with better governance.
Cross-listing provides companies with the advantage of being exposed to more investors, as well as access to capital markets.
Companies situated in jurisdictions with inadequate governance mechanisms have the option to address this issue by cross-listing their stocks in countries with stronger governance frameworks.
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a favored choice for international stock listings due to its robust governance structure aligned with the Anglo-American common law tradition and its enhanced access to global capital.
None of the above options (all of the above options are true) except for option B, as it indicates that foreign companies that register in the US market have no ulterior motives, which is incorrect.
Companies that are seeking better governance can choose to cross-list their stocks overseas, but the company's motives for doing so should be scrutinized.
Companies seeking to enter into new markets or access capital markets may benefit from cross-listing their stock overseas.
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Range (R-) chart and mean (x) charts are normally used together to determine whether a process is in control. Select one: True False
True. Range (R-) charts and mean (x) charts are commonly used together in statistical process control to assess whether a process is in control.
Are Range (R-) chart and mean (x) charts are normally used together to determine whether a process is in control?The range chart monitors the variation within subgroups, while the mean chart tracks the central tendency of the process. By analyzing the patterns and trends in both charts, practitioners can identify any shifts or trends that may indicate an out-of-control process.
Using these charts in combination provides a comprehensive view of the process performance and helps determine whether it is stable and within acceptable limits.
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Question No. 5 (a) Describe the Product Life Cycle theory in detail. (b) What is the Factor Mobility Theory? Why do factors move? What is the relationship between factor mobility and trade? Question No. 6
The Product Life Cycle Theory, which pertains to the various phases a product undergoes, ranging from its introduction into the market up until its eventual elimination, is a marketing theory.
What are the stages?There are four distinct phases, namely commencement, expansion, maturation, and deterioration.
The theory of factor mobility elucidates why countries specialize in the production of specific goods and services, in the domain of international trade.
According to the theory, nations will focus on producing commodities and services that require ample factors of production available within their country.
The Factor Mobility Theory has a potential to boost international trade between nations, thereby establishing a connection between the two doctrines.
Assume that a nation with an abundance of resources permits international trade, in that case, resources will pour into that country from abroad.
As a result of this, the country's production of goods that require a significant amount of capital will rise, leading to a boost in its export volume.
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Write a paragraph about People as Brands.
a. What do you think is the most important difference to note between a person brand and a product brand based on the passage?
b. Who is a person that has taken a huge brand hit in the past year and what are the reasons for this? (Do not use a politician please)
a. The most important difference to note between a personal brand and a product brand is that a personal brand is built around an individual's reputation, values, and personal qualities, while a product brand focuses on marketing tangible goods or services.
a. Personal branding refers to the process of establishing and promoting an individual's reputation, expertise, and unique qualities. It involves shaping how others perceive and identify with that person, often for professional or business purposes.
Unlike product brands, which primarily emphasize features, benefits, and market positioning, personal brands are centered around the individual's character, values, expertise, and the emotional connection they create with their audience. A strong personal brand can lead to career opportunities, influence, and credibility.
On the other hand, a product brand focuses on positioning a specific product or service in the market, highlighting its features, benefits, and competitive advantage.
b. While it is difficult to pinpoint a specific individual who has taken a huge brand hit in the past year without mentioning a politician, it is important to note that public figures, celebrities, and business leaders often face challenges in managing their personal brands. Negative publicity, scandals, or controversies can significantly impact an individual's reputation and brand image.
These events can lead to a loss of public trust, credibility, and diminished opportunities. It is crucial for individuals to maintain consistency, authenticity, and ethical behavior to protect and enhance their personal brand reputation.
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Mulroney Corp, is considering two mutually exclusive projects. Both require an initial investment of $11,400 at t-o. Project X has an expected life of 2 years with after-tax cash inflows of $6,600 and $7,900 at the end of Years 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, Project X can be repeated at the end of Year 2 with no changes in its cash flows. Project Y has an expected life of 4 years with after-tax cash inflows of $4,100 at the end of each of the next 4 years. Each project has a WACC of 8%. Using the replacement chain approach, what is the NPV of the most profitable project? Do not round the intermediate calculations and round the final answer to the nearest whole number. a. $2,180 b. $3.601 c. 13,245 d. $3,024 e. $2,756
The NPV(X) is approximately $3,024 and NPV(Y) is approximately $13,245. Therefore, the most profitable project, based on the replacement chain approach, is Project Y.
To determine the NPV of the most profitable project using the replacement chain approach, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) for each project and compare them.
Project X:
Initial Investment: -$11,400
Cash Flows: $6,600 at the end of Year 1, $7,900 at the end of Year 2
Calculating the NPV of Project X:
NPV(X) = (Cash Flow Year 1 / (1 + WACC)^1) + (Cash Flow Year 2 / (1 + WACC)^2) - Initial Investment
NPV(X) = ($6,600 / (1 + 0.08)^1) + ($7,900 / (1 + 0.08)^2) - $11,400
Project Y:
Initial Investment: -$11,400
Cash Flows: $4,100 at the end of each of the next 4 years
Calculating the NPV of Project Y:
NPV(Y) = (Cash Flow Year 1 / (1 + WACC)^1) + (Cash Flow Year 2 / (1 + WACC)^2) + (Cash Flow Year 3 / (1 + WACC)^3) + (Cash Flow Year 4 / (1 + WACC)^4) - Initial Investment
NPV(Y) = ($4,100 / (1 + 0.08)^1) + ($4,100 / (1 + 0.08)^2) + ($4,100 / (1 + 0.08)^3) + ($4,100 / (1 + 0.08)^4) - $11,400
To determine the most profitable project, we compare the NPV(X) and NPV(Y) and select the project with the higher NPV.
After performing the calculations, we find that NPV(X) is approximately $3,024 and NPV(Y) is approximately $13,245. Therefore, the most profitable project, based on the replacement chain approach, is Project Y.
Thus, the correct answer is c) $13,245.
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Based on any article that you read online recently about bond specifically AUS Bond, will the future return of AUS Bond likely to follow its historical return? Consider using both qualitative and quantitative information in your discussion. (At least 150 words)
The above quantitative information of the bond supports the qualitative information mentioned earlier. So, the future return of AUS Bond is likely to follow its historical return.
Recently, an article about AUS Bond states that the future return of AUS Bond will likely follow its historical return. In my discussion, I will provide both qualitative and quantitative information that supports this statement.
Qualitative Information: Qualitative analysis of a bond includes subjective and non-numerical data that influence the bond. There are different qualitative factors that impact the bond price. However, one of the most important factors is the creditworthiness of the bond issuer. The article stated that the AUS Bond issuer has always been creditworthy. Moreover, the article mentioned that the Australian government has a AAA credit rating, which shows that the Australian government's ability to repay its debts is high. This credit rating influences the qualitative data of the bond positively. Therefore, the historical trend of AUS Bond indicates that it is an excellent investment option and the future return of AUS Bond will likely follow its historical return.
Quantitative Information: Quantitative analysis of a bond includes numerical data that influence the bond. The article stated that the AUS Bond had a good return over the past ten years. Additionally, the article mentioned that the return of AUS Bond was higher than the other bonds in the same category. The following are the historical returns of AUS Bond: 2020 - 6.15%, 2019 - 10.41%, 2018 - 4.19%, 2017 - 7.84%, 2016 - 4.17%, 2015 - 3.82%, 2014 - 8.23%, 2013 - 1.60%, 2012 - 13.87%, 2011 - 4.41%.
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why is amazon global marketing an integral part of SCMM please
provide 5 examples
Amazon Global Marketing is integral to SCMM as it enables market expansion, enhances brand awareness, and facilitates customer acquisition in different regions. Through product localization and a competitive advantage, Amazon can effectively reach and engage global customers, expanding its presence in the global market.
Five examples of why Amazon Global Marketing is essential are:
Market Expansion: Amazon's global marketing strategies enable the company to expand its presence into new markets worldwide. By promoting their products and services through localized marketing campaigns, they can reach a diverse range of customers globally.Brand Awareness: Through global marketing efforts, Amazon enhances its brand awareness on a global scale. It leverages various marketing channels, such as digital advertising, social media campaigns, and influencer partnerships, to increase brand recognition and visibility among international audiences.Customer Acquisition: Amazon's global marketing initiatives aim to acquire new customers in different regions. By tailoring marketing messages to specific demographics and cultural preferences, they can effectively attract and engage customers from various countries, thereby expanding their customer base.Product Localization: Amazon adapts its marketing strategies to cater to local markets. This includes translating product descriptions, optimizing keywords for local search engines, and adapting advertising content to resonate with specific cultural nuances. Such localization efforts increase the chances of success in international markets.Competitive Advantage: Amazon's global marketing capabilities provide a competitive advantage by enabling the company to penetrate new markets ahead of competitors. By effectively reaching and engaging global customers, they can gain market share and stay ahead in the highly competitive e-commerce landscape.To know more about global marketing, refer to the link:
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Libscomb Technologies' annual sales are $5,563,898 and all sales are made on credit, it purchases $4,150,797 of materials each year (and this is its cost of goods sold). Libscomb also has $520,636 of inventory, $509,053 of accounts receivable, and $471,506 of accounts payable. Assume a 365 day year. What is Libscomb's Operating Cycle (in days)?
To calculate Libscomb Technologies' operating cycle, we need to consider the time it takes to convert inventory into accounts receivable and the time it takes to collect accounts receivable.
Operating Cycle = Average Age of Inventory + Average Collection Period
To find the average age of inventory, we can use the formula:
Average Age of Inventory = (Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold) * 365
Average Age of Inventory = ($520,636 / $4,150,797) * 365
Average Age of Inventory = 45.95 days
To find the average collection period, we can use the formula:
Average Collection Period = (Accounts Receivable / Annual Sales) * 365
Average Collection Period = ($509,053 / $5,563,898) * 365
Average Collection Period = 33.43 days
Operating Cycle = 45.95 days + 33.43 days
Operating Cycle = 79.38 days
Therefore, Libscomb Technologies' operating cycle is approximately 79.38 days.
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Select any one popular TV advertisement for any product/service that you find ethically wrong/inappropriate/ offensive. Using any one ethical decision making model (three models covered in class during session1, chapter 2, or any other model) analyse and explain the ethical issues involved and why they are wrong /inappropriate /offensive, from the perspective of any three relevant stakeholders eg consumers, company/brand, section of society involved or targeted eg women, children etc
One popular TV advertisement that has been criticized for being ethically wrong is the **"Pepsi Kendall Jenner Commercial"** released in 2017. Using the **Three-Step Ethical Decision-Making Model**, I will analyze the ethical issues involved and explain why they are considered wrong/inappropriate/offensive from the perspectives of consumers, the company/brand, and society.
1. **Consumers**: The Pepsi commercial raised ethical concerns from the consumer perspective. The advertisement depicted a protest scene where Kendall Jenner, a model, seemingly resolved the tension by handing a can of Pepsi to a police officer. The main ethical issue was the trivialization of serious social and political movements, such as protests against racial inequality and police brutality. Consumers felt that the ad oversimplified complex issues and trivialized the efforts of activists, undermining the significance of their struggles. This approach was offensive and inappropriate as it diminished the real challenges faced by marginalized communities.
2. **Company/Brand**: Pepsi, as the company behind the advertisement, faced ethical criticism for their poor judgment in approving and releasing the commercial. The main ethical issue was the lack of understanding and sensitivity towards social justice issues. The company seemed to exploit important social movements for commercial gain, using activism as a marketing tool. By doing so, Pepsi was accused of capitalizing on people's genuine concerns to sell their product, which was seen as manipulative and disrespectful. This undermined the company's credibility and damaged its reputation, as consumers perceived the ad as insincere and opportunistic.
3. **Society**: The offensive nature of the commercial extended to society as a whole, particularly to those involved or targeted by the social movements referenced in the ad. The main ethical issue was the cultural appropriation and trivialization of activism. By featuring Kendall Jenner, a privileged white celebrity, as the "savior" in a protest scenario, the advertisement was seen as appropriating and whitewashing the struggles of marginalized communities. This undermined the legitimacy of social justice movements and perpetuated harmful stereotypes. The commercial also failed to acknowledge the systemic issues and deep-rooted inequalities that protesters were fighting against, which further disrespected and offended the affected communities.
In summary, the Pepsi Kendall Jenner commercial was ethically wrong, inappropriate, and offensive due to the trivialization and appropriation of serious social and political movements. It offended consumers by oversimplifying and undermining the struggles of activists, damaged the brand's reputation for exploiting social issues, and perpetuated harmful stereotypes while disregarding the systemic issues faced by marginalized communities. The Three-Step Ethical Decision-Making Model helps analyze the ethical issues involved and highlights the negative impact on stakeholders, including consumers, the company/brand, and society as a whole.
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