100 POINTS PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
It's about the McCulloch v. Maryland case.

Case background
1. Identify the plaintiff and defendant in the case.
2. Explain why the case was brought to the Supreme Court.
3. Describe the goal of each side in the case. What type of decision was desired?

Constitutional connections
4. Explain the key rights or amendments involved in the case.
5. Did the case primarily center on an issue of civil rights or civil liberties? Explain.

Case outcomes
6. Describe the majority decision of the court and several arguments as to why the justices ruled the way they did.
7. If there was one dissenting decision of the court, explain it in detail. Why did some justices disagree with the majority?
8. What precedent was set by the court’s decision? What impact did it have on American society?

Answer:

Case background

1) Identify the plaintiff and defendant in the case.

The state of Maryland was the plaintiff and McCulloch is the defendant.

2) Explain why the case was brought to the Supreme Court.

The case went to the Supreme Court. Maryland contended that as a sovereign state, it had the ability to burden any business inside its boundaries. McCulloch's lawyers contended that a public bank was "essential and legitimate" for Congress to build up to complete its specified forces.

3) Describe the goal of each side in the case. Why was the case brought to the court, and what type of decision was desired?

The province of Maryland forced an assessment on the bank of $15,000/year, which clerk James McCulloch of the Baltimore branch would not pay. The case went to the Supreme Court. Maryland contended that as a sovereign state, it had the ability to burden any business inside its lines. McCulloch's lawyers contended that a public bank was "vital and appropriate" for Congress to set up to do its specified forces.

Constitutional connections

1) Explain the key rights or amendments involved in the case.

Congress had inferred powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to make the Second Bank of the United States and that the territory of Maryland did not have the ability to burden the Bank.The Court decided that Maryland did not have the ability to burden the Bank in light of the fact that, in accordance with the Supremacy Clause of Article VI of the Constitution, the laws of the United States trump clashing state laws.

2) Did the case primarily center on an issue of civil rights or liberties, or does it primarily center on other issues? Explain.

It was centered on liberties. In a unanimous decision, the Court held that Congress had the power to incorporate the bank and that Maryland could not tax instruments of the national government employed in the execution of constitutional powers. Pursuant to the Necessary and Proper Clause

Case outcomes

1) Describe the majority decision of the court and several arguments as to why the justices ruled the way they did.

The Supreme Court ruled by a unanimous decision that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank. Maryland argued that as a sovereign state, it had the power to tax any business within its borders. McCulloch's attorneys argued that a national bank was “necessary and proper” for Congress to establish in order to carry out its enumerated powers.

2) If there was one dissenting decision of the court, explain it in detail. Why did some justices disagree with the majority?

It was a unanimous decision

3) What precedent was set by the court’s decision? What impact did it have on US society?

Many states questioned the constitutionality of the national bank, and Maryland set a precedent by requiring taxes on all banks not chartered by the state. Maryland that Congress had the authority to establish a federal bank, and that the financial institution could not be taxed by the states. But the decision carried a much larger significance, because it helped establish that the Constitution gave Congress powers that weren't explicitly spelled out in the document.

Explanation:

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(1) The plaintiff in the  McCulloch v. Maryland case was the State of Maryland, specifically represented by James William McCulloch, who was the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the United States. The defendant in the case was the State of Maryland itself.

(2) The McCulloch v. Maryland case was brought to the Supreme Court because the State of Maryland had imposed a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, which McCulloch refused to pay. The case revolved around the question of whether the state had the power to tax a federal institution.

(3) The goal of the State of Maryland was to assert its power to tax the Second Bank of the United States and collect revenue from it. On the other hand, the goal of McCulloch, representing the bank, was to challenge the state's authority to tax the federal institution.

(4) The key rights or amendments involved in the case include the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) and the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) of the United States Constitution.

The Necessary and Proper Clause grants Congress the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers. The Supremacy Clause establishes that federal law is supreme over state law when there is a conflict between the two.

(5) The case primarily centered on an issue of constitutional interpretation and federalism, rather than civil rights or civil liberties. It dealt with the scope of federal power and the relationship between the federal government and the states.

(6) The majority decision of the court, delivered in 1819, upheld the supremacy of federal law over state law and ruled in favor of McCulloch. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the opinion, stating that Congress had the authority to establish a national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

(7) There was no dissenting decision in the case. All the justices agreed with the majority opinion.

(8) The precedent set by the court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland was the affirmation of the supremacy of federal law and the authority of Congress to exercise implied powers necessary for the execution of its enumerated powers.

The ruling had a lasting impact on American society by clarifying the balance of power between the federal government and the states and setting a precedent for future cases involving the scope of federal authority.

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